鸭大肠杆菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶检测(ESBLs)及药物敏感性测定

对国内7个省份临床分离的32株鸭大肠杆菌进行超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)检测及药物敏感性研究。结果表明,32株分离的鸭大肠杆菌中产ESBLs菌株7株,阳性检出率为21.87%;产ESBLs菌株对常用头孢三代及半合成青霉素类药物的敏感率低于42.9%,耐药率则高于28.6%,对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢噻呋的耐药率高达100%。产酶菌株和非产酶菌株对新型头孢四代产品头孢吡肟及碳青霉烯类药物亚胺培南、美罗培南的敏感率高于96%。加酶抑制剂的β-内酰胺类抗生素如阿莫西林/棒酸、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦等对产酶菌株和非产酶菌株的敏感率全部高于未加酶抑制剂的单方药物。产ESBLs菌株存在多重耐药现象,酶抑制剂能够部分解决此类耐药性问题。     

葛藤优良单株选择

通过对葛藤表型性状与经济产量的相关关系进行分析,从理论上阐明了优良葛藤单株选择应以分枝数和单根重为主,根粗与茎粗协调搭配为副,进而建立了选优的评分标准,并根据评分标准进行了葛藤优良单株的选择。     

云南稻种资源表现型分布地和分布民族分析

通过对分布于82个县市的1630份中国云南保存的地方稻种资源多种表现型现象进行分析,结果共有724份稻种资源是具有多种表现型现象的资源,即多型性资源,多型性资源的比例为44．0％,多型性系数X为1．75,多样性指数日为1．34,X与日的相关系数r=0．90。多型性资源的地理分布主要集中在思茅、临沦、版纳和德宏4个地州。以墨江、景洪、龙隆、永德、普洱、孟连和云县等7个县(市)为中心的地带,即云南多型性稻种资源主要集中分布在南部边缘及滇西南地区的野生稻分布区、稻种资源富集区和陆稻的主要种植区。分布地区是傣族、哈尼族、拉祜族和佤族等少数民族的主要聚居地。云南稻种资源的多种表现型现象与当地的地理和民族密切相关。     

烟草花几何建模研究

为实现花冠联合植物的花朵几何建模,以烟草花为例,提出了一种基于球B样条曲线和参数曲面的花朵造型方法。通过对烟草花形态结构的观测分析,分别对雌蕊、雄蕊、花柄、花冠和花萼的几何形状进行了数学描述,提取了模型控制参数;结合颜色渲染色和整个花的拓扑信息,实现了烟草花整个模型的建立。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地对烟草花进行模拟,可控性强,建立的模型有较高真实感,为其他花冠或花萼联合的植物几何建模提供了方法。     

基因组学发展对传统林木遗传改良的影响

通过对传统林木遗传改良的成就进行概述,分析了基因组研究的发展对传统林木遗传育种的影响,基因组时代的林木遗传改良方法。研究结果表明,传统的林木遗传改良在提高林木生长量和抗性等选育方面取得了显著的成果,单一或者几个树种成为一个国家或地区的主要造林树种成为可能;基因组学的发展从基因的水平对认识林木的遗传本质提供了信息,也丰富了传统遗传改良的方法和手段,必将加速林木遗传育种的进程;基因组学只是辅助传统林木遗传育种的工具,不可能替代传统林木遗传改良理论、方法和技术。     

三角城藏羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度测定法对青海省三角城种羊场１０１只藏羊的红细胞钾型进行了研究，结果发现高钾型羊８０只（７９．２１％），低钾型羊２１只（２０．７９％），Ｋ￣ｂ和Ｋ￣Ｌ等位基因频率分别为０．８９００和０．１１００，同时还讨论了藏羊红细胞钾型与血红蛋白型的关系。     

籼型水稻杂交种子真实性和纯度检验方法的研究──暗培养幼苗紫色性状有或无的实验

以水稻“三系”杂交种和保持系或不育系种子为材料，进行幼苗紫色性状外显差异性试验，筛选出：２５℃ＮＣ３０３型电热恒温箱内暗培养＋均匀摆种和适宜水分＋适宜光因子效应＋开叉期芽苗或不完全叶身的紫色性状为幼苗培养组合。获得杂交种子真实性和纯度检验方法，即暗培养幼苗紫色性状有或无鉴定。作者初步认为：暗培养幼苗紫色性状外显可能是“光因子效应”的结果；紫色性状外显有或无是由于纯合基因型与杂合基因型存在不同基因数目的剂量效应差异，从而表现外显时间差异的结果。     

Phänotyp und Futterqualitat einschliefilich Konservierungseigenschaften bei Grasern

Phenotype and forage value, including conservation properties, of grasses The phenotype of grasses can be influenced by the date of harvest as well as by breeding programs. In contrast to dicotyledons, the stems of grasses are younger than the leaves, although the grass leaves are usually considered to have a higher nutritional value than the stems. In a field experiment, Lolium multiflorum Lam. ssp. gaudini (Parl.) Schinz et Kell. was grown as a model-plant in order to study effects of ploidy-level, N-fertilization, stage of development, and growth time on the main aspects of nutritional value and conservation properties in relation to the phenotype. As regards the nutritional value, the interactions of ploidy × plant organ (=stem or leaf) and of ploidy × N-input were not significant. Hence, the results for leaf and stem can be generahzed. Until the emergence of the inflorescence, EC 49, the stem showed a significant higher net energy content than the leaf; at later stages of development this relationship changed. The evaluation of the net energy content of leaf and stem was significantly influenced by the method of estimation. In vitro methods with rumen liquor may show the best approximation to the real value. The crude protein/energy ratio of the stem as compared to the leaf better meets the nutritional requirements of ruminants; on the other hand the leaf was more valuable than the stem in relation to the nitrate content, especially when the whole plant showed an increased nitrate level. The general relationship between the mineral content and the phenotype was not evident. The investigation indicated significant differences between stem and leaf in relation to their conservation properties. The leaf showed more favourable drying properties than the stem but ensilability was better for the stem than for the leaf. As a result of this investigation it is assumed that, in the past, the nutritional value of young stem has been underestimated whereas the value of the leaf has been overemphasized. This may also be due to the criteria and determination methods of the nutritional value.