中籼型水稻三系不育系华297A的选育与利用

华297A是湖南哑华种业科学研究院以优质三系不育系新香A为母本,"金23 B//黄金3号/II-32B"的稳定优良单株为父本测交,经多代择优回交转育而成的中籼型三系不育系.该不育系具有不育性稳定、农艺性状优良、米质较优、配合力强等特点,2006年1月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定.所配组合华优75于2007年5月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,亚华优451和哑华优624分别于2007年和2008年通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定.     

杂交稻新恢复系主要农艺性状的配合力分析

利用5个三系杂交稻不育系（金山2A、福伊A、京福5A、G201A、太香A）和5个杂交稻恢复系（22、制3、404、制6、明恢86）,通过不完全双列杂交配置了25个杂交稻组合,研究了这些新恢复系14个主要农艺性状的配合力。结果表明,14个主要农艺性状的一般配合力方差与特殊配合力方差均达显著或极显著差异水平,并且一般配合力方差明显大于特殊配合力方差,说明杂交稻主要农艺性状的遗传以加性效应为主。除有效穗和播始历期外,父本和母本对株高、穗长、穗颈长、剑叶长、剑叶宽、倒二叶、倒三叶、一次枝梗、二次枝梗、穗粒数、千粒重和结实率等12个农艺性状具有同等重要作用。杂交稻亲本的一般配合力和组合的特殊配合力是相互独立的,相同性状的亲本一般配合力和组合的特殊配合力效应不同,因此组合的特殊配合力是关键。制3、制6、404是一般配合力较好的恢复系,它们的杂种综合性状都比较好,是具有较好育种应用前景的恢复系。     

糖能兼用型甜菜新品种“吉能源甜菜1号”的选育

吉能源甜菜1号是以单胚品系DTN 162-3-11为母本,二倍体多胚品系HRR7为父本,按3∶1比例自然杂交而成。该品种在2008—2010年吉林省甜菜品种区域试验中,平均根产量为45627.6kg/hm2,比对照品种HYB74增产7.5%;含糖率为17.2%,比对照高1.6度,差异显著;产糖量为7836.5kg/hm2,比对照提高16.9%;乙醇产量4411.5kg/hm2,比对照提高18.2%。吉能源甜菜1号稳定性好,抗逆性强,适于东北西部及蒙东地区种植。     

杂交稻新组合特优884的选育与应用

特优884是福建省三明市农业科学研究所用龙特甫A与自选恢复系明恢884配组育成的杂交稻新组合,具有丰产性好,穗大粒多,中抗稻瘿蚊等特点,2007年通过福建省农作物品种区域性(三明)审定.介绍了特优884选育过程、主要特征特性、高产栽培技术和制种技术要点.     

杂交稻全优527在江西省试验表现及高产栽培技术

全优527是用全丰A与蜀恢527配组育成的籼型三系杂交水稻新品种,2008-2009年参加江西省晚稻区试,生育期120.1d,平均产量492.41kg/667㎡,米质达国优2级,稻瘟病抗性,病穗率为25.5%,损失率为3.7%,于2010年3月通过江西省品种审定委员会审定.介绍了全优527在江西试验表现及栽培技术要点.     

Thoughts and Practice on Some Problems about Research and Application of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

The main problems about research and application of two-line hybrid rice were reviewed, including the confusing nomenclature and male sterile lines classification, the unclear characteristics of photoperiod and temperature responses and the unsuitable site selection for male sterile line and hybrid rice seed production. In order to efficiently and accurately use dual-purpose genic male sterile lines, four types, including PTGMS (photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice), TGMS (thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice), reverse PTGMS and reverse TGMS, were proposed. A new idea for explaining the mechanism of sterility in dual-purpose hybrid rice was proposed. The transition from sterile to fertile was involved in the cooperative regulation of major-effect sterile genes and photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive ones. The minor-effect genes with accumulative effect on sterility were important factors that affected the critical temperature of sterility transfer. In order to make better use of dual-purpose lines, the characterization of responses to photoperiod and temperature of PTGMS should be made and the identification method for the characterization of photoperiod and temperature responses of PTGMS should also be put forward. The optimal ecological site for seed production could be determined according to the historical climate data and the requirements for the meteorological conditions during the different periods of seed production.     

Molecular Mapping of Sterility QTLs qSS-3, qSS-6a and qSS-7 as Single Mendelian Factors via NIL strategy

Hybrid sterility between Oryza glaberrima and O. sativa seriously hampers the introgression of favorable genes from each other. In order to further understand this issue, identification and isolation of hybrid sterility QTLs as single Mendelian factors are an effective strategy. A genetic map was constructed using a BC₁F₁ population derived from a cross between an O. sativa japonica cultivar and an O. glaberrima accession. Four main-effect QTLs for pollen sterility were detected in the BC₁F₁. Five BC₈F₁ advanced backcross populations were developed via successive backcrosses based on phenotype and molecular selections. The BC₈F₁ populations showed bimodal distribution for pollen fertility and could be classified into semi-sterile and fertile types, fitting single Mendilian factor inheritance ratios. Three QTLs detected in the BC₁F₁ corresponding to qSS-3, qSS-6a and qSS-7 were mapped on chromosomes 6, 3 and 7, respectively, as single Mendilian factors.     

玉米新杂交种鲁单718的选育研究

简要介绍了玉米新杂交种鲁单718的选育背景、选育过程及品种特征特性等,对于鲁单718的成功选育提出了育种目标、选系技术与方法、杂种优势模式等方面的思路。     

彩色马蹄莲2n配子育种技术初探

以彩色马蹄莲的栽培品种‘黒魔术’Black magic、‘火烈鸟’Flamingo为实验材料,研究彩色马蹄莲2n配子育种技术。选择刚从茎秆中抽出的幼小健壮小花,用0.15%的秋水仙素处理以诱导2n配子,将诱导的2n配子进行不同组合的杂交实验。结果表明：秋水仙素处理对彩色马蹄莲雄雌蕊发育有一定毒副作用,其中对雌蕊的损伤大于雄蕊;2n配子能在一定程度上克服杂交后代不育性;在相同条件下,经2n配子诱导处理的杂交种子与未处理的对照种子相比,种子萌发时间大幅度缩短（50天左右）,叶片变薄、变大、叶色变浅,有些杂交植株表现出不同程度的畸变。通过对杂交后代的细胞学鉴定表明：处理配子杂交后代中获得染色体数目为48（2n=3x=48）的三倍体植株。     

水稻粒黑粉病研究进展

稻粒黑粉病已经成为杂交稻制种田的重要病害。目前国际上关于稻粒黑粉病的研究总体看来还较少,也存在较多的争议。主要回顾和总结了国内外对水稻粒黑粉病的研究情况,对发病症状、病原物及其分类地位、生物学特性、病害循环与侵染机制、发病因素与病害流行、分级标准和综合防治进行了综述,同时探讨了目前关于该病害研究所存在的争议及以后值得研究的方向。