30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油等量施药的次数及时间对稻田除草效果的影响

为探索如何提高稻田除草剂使用效率, 实现除草剂减量使用, 本试验以30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油为供试药剂, 以‘甬优1540’为供试水稻, 保持除草剂总量一致的前提下, 利用大田试验和温室盆栽试验, 通过设置插秧前?插秧时?插秧后单次施用100%推荐剂量, 插秧前和插秧后各施用50%推荐剂量, 插秧前及苗期各施用50%推荐剂量, 以及不施用除草剂的6种处理, 研究不同施药次数及施药时间对稻田禾本科?阔叶类?莎草科三类杂草及其总草防除效果的影响?温室盆栽试验表明, 与其他处理相比, 采用30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油于移秧后3 d施药50%推荐剂量及苗期再施50%推荐剂量的处理, 可使水稻移栽后24 d时的稗草?千金子和耳叶水苋发生量明显少于其他施药方式, 说明该施药方式对稻田杂草具有明显的抑制作用; 此外, 大田试验表明, 采用上述同样的施药方式, 可使水稻在移栽后36 d时的分蘖在各处理中达到最大量, 为16.90万/667m2, 且杂草总发生量最少, 为17.00株/m2, 杂草株防效最高, 为84.17%?本研究表明, 30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油在移秧后3 d施用50%推荐剂量, 及苗期再施50%推荐剂量, 对稻田杂草防除效果较好?     

Why viewing nature is more fascinating and restorative than viewing buildings: A closer look at perceived complexity

The present paper addresses the question which visual features trigger people’s often more positive affective responses to natural compared to built scenes. Building on notions about visual complexity and fractal geometry, we propose that perceived complexity of magnified scene parts can predict the greater fascinating and restorative qualities of natural versus built scenes. This prediction was tested in an experiment in which 40 participants viewed and rated 40 images of unspectacular natural and built scenes in their original size, and at 400% and 1600% magnification levels. Results showed that the original, unmagnified natural scenes were viewed longer and rated more restorative than built scenes, and that these differences were statistically mediated by the greater perceived complexity of magnified parts of natural scenes. These findings fit with the idea that fractal-like, recursive complexity is an important visual cue underlying the restorative potential of natural and built environments.     

21种竹材酸含量及其酸度对脲醛树脂胶胶凝时间的影响

测定了21种竹材基、中、梢3部分的酸含量,研究了竹材中不同酸度对脲醛树脂胶胶凝时间的影响。其结果为:①竹材的总酸含量为4.179～29.197mmol/100g竹粉,游离酸含量为1.648～14.637,结合酸含量为0.067～19.742;②竹秆基、中、梢3部分的酸含量差异大;③竹材—脲醛树脂胶胶凝时间与竹材pH值、碱缓冲容量、总缓冲容量、总酸和结合酸含量具有极显著的相关性,与游离酸含量具较显著相关性,而与酸缓冲容量相关性不显著。     

猪戊型肝炎病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及其分子流行病学

对已发表的戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)不同基因型毒株全序列进行分析,针对ORF3的保守区设计引物和探针优化建立了HEV荧光RT-PCR检测体系。分析表明该反应体系具有良好的扩增效率、特异性和稳定性,且检测灵敏度比普通RT-PCR方法高10～100倍。利用所建立的荧光定量PCR方法对采集自浙江及其周边上海、江苏等地区规模化猪场的样品以及HEV抗体阳性人血清样品进行了HEV核酸检测。其中,77份人血清样本仅有2份为HEV核酸阳性(2.6%)。而猪粪便样品阳性率则高达20.5%(56/273),且所调查的猪场均存在HEV感染。进一步的分子流行特征分析表明,浙江及周边地区的猪HEV毒株多为基因Ⅳ型,与其他地区的Ⅳ型HEV毒株同源性较高(83.4%～89.5%),但它们之间也存在较多的变异位点。猪源HEV毒株PJ-1则与多数Ⅲ型HEV毒株同源性较高(88%),进化分析也表明其为基因Ⅲ型。人血清样品中检测到的2份HEV毒株Human-1与Human-2与本地区Ⅳ型猪源毒株在分子进化关系上具有很高的亲源性,它们分布于同一分支内,而不构成独立分支。以上分析结果表明浙江及其周边地区猪HEV感染较为广泛,且以基因Ⅳ型毒株为主,但也存在...     

蛇床子素分散片处方筛选及溶出度的研究

目的优选蛇床子素分散片处方,并建立溶出度测定方法。方法在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验以崩解时限、分散均匀性为指标对蛇床子素分散片处方进行优化;采用紫外分光光度法测定分散片中蛇床子素的溶出度,测定波长为322nm。结果最佳处方为蛇床子素10%,崩解剂交联聚维酮20%(外加),填充剂微晶纤维素和乳糖分别为30%和40%,黏合剂为75%乙醇进行湿法制粒压片,优选处方的崩解时间小于10s,分散均匀且全部通过二号筛;蛇床子素在为6～16μg.mL-1(n=6,r=0.999 9)时,线性关系良好,蛇床子素分散片60min内累积溶出百分率为88%。结论蛇床子素分散片制备工艺简单,溶出度高,符合《中国药典》2010年版的相关规定,具有实用价值。     

时间序列分析模型在江苏省河蟹总产量预测中的应用

根据Box-Jenkins建模原理,采用ARI MAR(2,0,0)模型对江苏省河蟹总产量进行了拟合及预测研究。结果显示,所建模型的残差序列为白噪声,AIC为48.015 7,模型拟合值与实际值的相关系数为0.995 1,拟合度为0.990 1,表明组建的ARI MAR(2,0,0)模型结构合理,拟合效果好;用2006年江苏省河蟹总产量进行验证,相对误差为3.8%,表明ARI MAR(2,0,0)模型对江苏省河蟹总产量时间序列的变化趋势进行拟合和预测是可行的,是一种短期预测精度较高的预测模型。     

中国河西走廊草地农业的基本格局和它的系统相悖─—草原退化的机理初探─—

河西走廊的草地资源位于西北荒漠的大背景中，由山地、荒漠和绿洲三个子系统构成，其中荒漠子系统居主导地位，具有先天的脆弱性。它们在人为干预下，在自然生态系统的农业化过程中，发生了山地一绿洲一荒漠组成的耦合农业系统。由于耦合不够完善，它所固有的相悖因素未能有效控制，形成涵有系列相悖因子群的系统相悖。主要表现为时间相悖，空间相悖和种间相悖。三者互相影响，但时间相悖起主导作用，使系统的生态危机加剧。它通常表现为草原退化。对草地农业生态系统的自由能的调控，保持自由能的积累和输出基本相当，是防止草原退化的根本出路。草原退化是草地对于草食动物压迫的对策系统和动物对于草地负荷行为的对策系统的综合反映。放牧程度可以作为草原退化过程的向量系统，但不是草原退化的本质。     

Behaviour in one fast-growing and one slower-growing broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) hybrid fed a high- or low-protein diet during a 10-week rearing period

This study compared behavioural time budgets, presence of comfort behaviours and social behaviours in two different broiler genotypes (the fast-growing Ross 308 (R) and the slower-growing Rowan Ranger (RR)) fed organic diets with high (17.0% crude protein (CP)) or low (14.5% CP) protein content during a 10-week rearing period. 429-day-old chicks (218 R and 211 RR, respectively) were included in the study and behaviour was recorded at 2, 6 and 9 weeks of age. The results showed no effect of diet treatments but that R broilers were less active and sat, ate and drank more frequently than RR broilers, which stood and perched more frequently. However, both hybrids showed decreasing activity and foraging behaviour with increasing age, while time spent eating and sleeping was approximately similar over the entire rearing period.     

The value of molecular expression of KIT and KIT ligand analysed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry as a prognostic indicator for canine cutaneous mast cell tumours

This study investigated the correlation between KIT gene expression determined by immunohistochemistry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and the rate of tumour recurrence and tumour‐related deaths in dogs affected with mast cell tumour (MCT). Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to compare tumour recurrence and tumour‐related death between patients. The log‐rank test was used to check for significant differences between curves. KIT‐I, KIT‐II and KIT‐III staining patterns were observed in 9 (11.11%), 50 (61.73%) and 22 (27.16%) tumours, respectively. Tumour recurrence rates and tumour‐related deaths were not associated with KIT staining patterns (P = 0278, P > 0.05), KIT (P = 0.289, P > 0.05) or KIT ligand (P = 0.106, P > 0.05) gene expression. Despite the lack of association between KIT staining pattern and patient survival time, the results suggest a correlation between aberrant KIT localization and increased proliferative activity of MCTs. RT‐PCR seems to be a sensible method for quantitative detection of KIT gene expression in canine MCT, although expressions levels are not correlated with prognosis.     

赤霉素浓度和温水浸种时间对猕猴桃不同品种种子萌发的影响

以美味猕猴桃‘徐香’、中华猕猴桃‘宜黄2号’、毛花猕猴桃‘赣绿1号’和‘赣绿2号’4个猕猴桃品种的种子为试验材料,设置5个梯度的赤霉素浓度和5个浸种时间进行处理,通过统计种子萌发的发芽率、发芽势和发芽时滞,探讨赤霉素浓度和温水浸种时间对猕猴桃种子发芽的影响。结果表明：4种猕猴桃种子发芽率与发芽势均受赤霉素浓度和温水浸种时间的影响,其中‘徐香’的种子发芽率和发芽势最高,其次是‘赣猕1号’、‘赣猕2号’和‘宜黄2号’。‘徐香’、‘赣绿1号’和‘赣绿2号’、‘宜黄2号’种子发芽率最高所对应的赤霉素处理浓度和浸种时间组合分别为：0.6 g/L赤霉素+30 min温水浸种、0.4 g/L赤霉素+30 min温水浸种、0.6 g/L赤霉素+30 min温水浸种和0.6 g/L赤霉素+60 min温水浸种。不同品种猕猴桃发芽时滞也有一定差异,其中‘徐香’发芽最早,其次是‘宜黄2号’,‘赣绿1号’和‘赣绿2号’开始发芽最晚。