A comparison of linear and exponential regression for estimating diffusive CH4 fluxes by closed-chambers in peatlands

The closed-chamber method is the most common approach to determine CH₄ fluxes in peatlands. The concentration change in the chamber is monitored over time, and the flux is usually calculated by the slope of a linear regression function. Theoretically, the gas exchange cannot be constant over time but has to decrease, when the concentration gradient between chamber headspace and soil air decreases. In this study, we test whether we can detect this non-linearity in the concentration change during the chamber closure with six air samples. We expect generally a low concentration gradient on dry sites (hummocks) and thus the occurrence of exponential concentration changes in the chamber due to a quick equilibrium of gas concentrations between peat and chamber headspace. On wet (flarks) and sedge-covered sites (lawns), we expect a high gradient and near-linear concentration changes in the chamber. To evaluate these model assumptions, we calculate both linear and exponential regressions for a test data set (n = 597) from a Finnish mire. We use the Akaike Information Criterion with small sample second order bias correction to select the best-fitted model. 13.6%, 19.2% and 9.8% of measurements on hummocks, lawns and flarks, respectively, were best fitted with an exponential regression model. A flux estimation derived from the slope of the exponential function at the beginning of the chamber closure can be significantly higher than using the slope of the linear regression function. Non-linear concentration-over-time curves occurred mostly during periods of changing water table. This could be due to either natural processes or chamber artefacts, e.g. initial pressure fluctuations during chamber deployment. To be able to exclude either natural processes or artefacts as cause of non-linearity, further information, e.g. CH₄ concentration profile measurements in the peat, would be needed. If this is not available, the range of uncertainty can be substantial. We suggest to use the range between the slopes of the exponential regression at the beginning and at the end of the closure time as an estimate of the overall uncertainty.     

杜香油主要成分的分离和鉴定

用减压蒸馏、气相色谱分离、红外和紫外光谱法、催化加氢和沸点测定等手段对杜香油中三种含量较高的成分进行了分离和鉴定。结果确定它们是月桂烯、对－伞花烃、桃金娘烯醛。并参考同条件下的ＧＣ与ＧＣ－ＭＳ结果鉴定出α－蒎烯、茨烯等化合物。测定了各成分在杜香油中的含量。     

长叶榧叶部油挥发性成分的色谱/质谱分析研究

采用气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联用法测定了长叶榧叶部精油的挥发性成分,初步发现其主要成分是柠檬烯、反式α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、顺式α-蒎烯、3-莰烯、6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基-环庚烷、β-月桂烯,其含量分别为32.2%、12.5%、7.1%、6.6%、6.6%、5.5%、4.4%.     

百里香与小花溲疏叶片气孔特征、叶绿素含量及气体交换日变化研究

在盆栽条件下对百里香和小花溲疏叶片的气孔特征、叶绿素含量及气体交换日变化进行了比较研究,结果表明：百里香的气孔密度明显高于小花溲疏,且气孔的长与宽比小花溲疏要小;百里香的叶绿素含量比小花溲疏高;百里香和小花溲疏都具有比较典型的双峰型光合速率日进程曲线,它们的气孔导度、蒸腾速率的日变化曲线与净光合速率的日变化基本一致;在一日内百里香净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率始终大于小花溲疏;百里香叶片气孔的结构特点、叶绿素含量的生理基础以及百里香植株的生物学特点是其净光合速率始终高于小花溲疏的主要原因,也使得百里香较小花溲疏更适应旱生环境。     

元帅系苹果贮藏期间芳香物质的含量变化

以元帅系苹果为试材，在小袋气调贮藏、大帐气调贮藏及低温冷藏三种条件下，采用气相色谱法（ＧＣ）分析贮藏期间果肉中芳香物质含量变化，结果表明：①低温冷藏时，红星苹果贮藏初期乙醛、乙醇及乙酸乙酯含量低，６０天时形成高峰，其后持续下降，呈跃变形。小袋简易气调贮藏时，果肉中乙醇和乙酸乙酯含量低，贮藏后期乙醛含量显著上升。②小袋气调贮藏时，红星苹果乙醛含量低于短枝型品种新红星及首红，而乙酸乙酯含量高于短枝品种     

The Application of Polyethylene Pipe in City Gas Engineering

This paper presents properties.advantages and useable rane of polyethylene pipe in City Gas Engineering.     

甘蓝型油菜叶片和角果气体交换参数差异的比较

为探究油菜叶片与角果间光合特性的差异,以双低高油甘蓝型油菜杂交种秦优7号为材料,在不同光照、CO2浓度、温度和一日之内不同时间点等条件下比较了叶片和角果间气体交换参数的差别,结果显示:叶片和角果的气体交换参数随光强、CO2浓度、温度、一日之内时间的变化趋势基本相同。在同等光照条件下,叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率和气孔限制值均高于角果,而胞间CO2浓度蒸腾速率低于角果;叶片的光饱和点、光补偿点、光呼吸速率明显比角果低,而光量子效率显著高于角果。在同等CO2浓度条件下叶片的净光合速率、水分利用效率、气孔限制值均明显高于角果,而胞间CO2浓度低于角果;叶片的CO2饱和点、CO2补偿点均比角果低,而羧化效率则显著高于角果。叶片进行光合反应的最适温度低于角果,在各自最适和相同温度范围内叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、气孔限制值均明显高于角果,而叶片的胞间CO2浓度、水分利用效率则比角果明显降低。在整个日变化范围内叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、气孔限制值、水分利用效率明显比角果高,而叶片的胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率则明显比角果低。     

利用薄层色谱法快速筛选法夫酵母突变株

法夫酵母（Phaffia rhodozyma）是一种极具产业化前景的天然虾青素资源（Johnson,2003）.本实验从溶剂极性、溶剂组成等方面优选法夫酵母类胡萝卜素薄层分析的溶剂,并对薄层色谱在法夫酵母类胡萝卜素突变株筛选中的应用进行了研究.     

实验条件下人工气候舱内的气体质量分析

为规范科研实验条件，更好地为现代畜牧业产业化服务，检验了农业部动物营养学重点开放实验室程控式人工气候舱（简称环控舱）的通风系统的功能，对装载动物的环控舱在正常运转５ｄ以上的气体成分进行分析。测定结果表明舱内的氨气和二氧化碳浓度分别为１１．３～１９．７ｍＬ／ｍ３和８９０～１４００ｍＬ／ｍ３，均低于家畜卫生标准，但鸡试验舱在上午开舱门清粪前的氨气浓度和猪试验舱的二氧化碳浓度较高，接近了卫生标准的上限值。     

除草剂阿特拉津的气相色谱法残留分析

使用ＧＣ－９Ａ气相色谱仪附氮磷检测器测定了阿特拉津在玉米植株及其土壤中的残留情况，检测极限０．０５ｎｇ，变异系数小于１％。