南美白对虾幼体和仔虾淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力的研究

以酶学分析方法测定了南美白对虾状幼体,糠虾和仔虾三个发育期淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力。试验结果表明,糠虾期淀粉酶比活力显著高于状幼体和仔虾两期(P<0.05);脂肪酶比活力状幼体显著高于糠虾幼体(P<0.05)。在食性转化过程中,南美白对虾幼体消化酶活力与其食性相适应,不同发育阶段消化酶调节机制不同。     

白斑综合征病毒环介导等温扩增快速检测方法的建立

根据对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)囊膜蛋白VP28基因保守序列,利用Primer Explorerv 4.0软件设计了4条引物,建立了白斑综合征病毒环介导等温扩增快速检测方法,对反应温度和反应时间等参数进行了优化,同时将建立的LAMP检测方法与巢式PCR进行了比较分析。结果表明,LAMP最适反应在64℃恒温条件60min内完成,凝胶电泳呈现梯型条带;反应体系中添加SYBR Green I荧光染料后,绿色的阳性结果明显区别于橙色阴性结果。LAMP方法的最低检出限为100拷贝/μL,灵敏度较巢式PCR高100倍,而且LAMP方法在1h内即可完成检测,操作简单,无需复杂仪器,肉眼可直接观察检测结果。用建立的LAMP方法对临床发病南美白对虾样品进行了检测,结果表明,LAMP方法适合对虾白斑综合征病毒的现场快速检测。     

可发酵碳水化合物减少猪场臭气的机理和应用

可发酵碳水化合物,添加在猪日粮中到达后肠作为微生物发酵的底物,通过改变猪肠道和粪便中的微生物及其发酵过程,改变粪尿的理化特性,来减少氨的挥发以及臭气的产生.本文对臭气和除臭方法进行了简单的介绍,并综述了通过在猪日粮中添加可发酵碳水化合物来控制猪场臭气的机理和应用效果.     

羊衣对我国西部羊毛品质和产量的影响

甘肃高山细毛羊常年生活在海拔3000米高的我国西北地区,其自然环境相当恶劣,夏天温度很高,春天风沙很大,紫外线很强烈.羊毛的产量和质量严重受这些因素影响.羊衣可解决这些不良因素的影响,当绵羊穿上这种衣服时,平均试验羊个体净毛量提高0.44Kg,毛束长度提高0.33cm,净毛率提高30.57%.所以绵羊穿上这种衣服可控制风沙、灰尘、紫外线的侵害,达到提高羊毛品质的目的.     

基于图像识别技术研究不同海区三疣梭子蟹甲壳白色斑纹特征及蜕壳前后斑纹特征的变化

为进行三疣梭子蟹外观特征的研究,本研究通过计算机视觉技术建立三疣梭子蟹背部白色斑纹评估方法,经人工对比验证其准确性达100%。在此基础上,对来自海域的30只三疣梭子蟹[平均体质量(2.8±0.56)g]进行跟踪观察,发现蜕壳前后白色斑纹数量和位置保持不变,而白色斑纹面积和斑纹区域面积则会随着蜕壳后蟹壳面积的增加而扩大;蜕壳后,白色斑纹面积增加89.33%±8.61%,斑纹区域面积增加90.51%±7.95%,蟹壳面积增加94.66%±8.26%,均显著正相关。为进一步研究不同海区梭子蟹白色斑纹分布特征,对来自朝鲜、中国辽宁和浙江等不同海区的三疣梭子蟹进行白色斑纹个数(N)、白色斑纹面积(S1)、斑纹区域面积(S2)、白色斑纹面积百分比(R1)、斑纹区域面积百分比(R2)和密度(D)等6项参数分析,结果发现,不同海区三疣梭子蟹斑纹性状存在显著特点,朝鲜海区呈现斑纹小、分布面积少、占蟹壳总面积比例低的特点;辽宁海区呈现斑纹小、分布面积多、占蟹壳总面积比例高的特点;浙江海区呈现斑纹大、分布面积少、占蟹壳总面积比例低的特点。本研究将计算机视觉技术应用于水产养殖研究,通过建立评估参数阐明三疣梭子蟹白色斑纹的生长规律,揭示了不同群体的三疣梭子蟹白色斑纹具有地理多样性的特征。     

微量元素氨基酸螯合物在猪生产上的应用研究进展

微量元素氨基酸螯合物是第三代饲料添加剂，由于其稳定性好、抗干扰性强、生物效价高等特点，迅速成为饲料行业研究的热点并广泛应用于各种动物生产中。本文概述了微量元素氨基酸螯合物近几年在猪生产中的应用研究，并对应用中存在的问题提出可行性意见。     

Competition of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) for binding to shrimp cellular membrane

Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are two widespread shrimp viruses. The interference of IHHNV on WSSV was the first reported case of viral interference that involved crustacean viruses and has been subsequently confirmed. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of WSSV resistance through IHHNV infection are practically unknown. In this study, the interference mechanisms between IHHNV and WSSV were studied using a competitive ELISA. The binding of WSSV and IHHNV to cellular membrane of Litopenaeus vannamei was examined. The results suggested that there existed a mutual competition between IHHNV and WSSV for binding to receptors present on cellular membrane of L. vannamei and that the inhibitory effects of WSSV towards IHHNV were more distinct than those of IHHNV towards WSSV.     

Effects of different dietary copper sources on the growth and intestinal microbial communities of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary copper sources on growth performance and intestinal microbial communities of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous (420 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (70 g/kg crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated to contain different copper sources, Diet NSC (no‐supplemented copper), Diet CS (copper sulphate), Diet Availa (copper amino acid complex from Availa^®Cu100) and Diet M (1:1, copper sulphate + copper amino acid complex). A total of 360 Pacific white shrimp juveniles (initial weight: 1.86 ± 0.03 g) were randomly allocated into four groups, with three replicates per group and 30 shrimps each replicate. An Illumina‐based sequencing method was used to analyse the intestinal bacterial composition of shrimp juveniles. The results revealed that shrimps fed Diet M had significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG) than that fed Diet NSC and Diet CS, while there were no significant differences between Diet M and Diet Availa. Survival was not affected by the dietary copper sources. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant in the intestines of Pacific white shrimp. Shrimps fed Diet M and Diet Availa had higher bacterial richness and diversity than those fed Diet NSC and Diet CS with no significant differences among all treatments. Furthermore, Diet M and Diet Availa which contained copper amino acid complex reduced the relative abundance of Vibrionaceae in shrimp intestinal tract. This study indicated that dietary copper sources could affect the intestinal microbial communities and diets supplemented with Availa^®Cu100 could have a positive impact on the growth performance and decrease the potential risk of disease in Pacific white shrimp.     

日本对虾抗白斑病子三代的抗白斑综合征病毒感染能力及免疫特性

为了更好地进行日本对虾抗病良种的选育,本文用浓度为每毫升1×105个病毒粒子的对虾白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)粗提液注射感染抗白斑病日本对虾子三代和普通日本对虾,观察其死亡率,同时测定WSSV感染后0,4,24,48和96 h血淋巴酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和蛋白含量.结果显示:注射WSSV 14 d内抗病子三代和普通对虾的平均死亡率分别为15%和85%,前者的抗病保护率达82.4%;感染前前者的各项免疫指标均高于后者,且PO,AKP和蛋白含量存在极显著差异(P＜0.01);感染后两者血淋巴检测的5项指标在96 h内的变化趋势基本相似,除ACP以外,抗病子三代的其他指标都比普通日本对虾的高.研究结果表明,所选育的抗白斑病日本对虾子三代能够有效地抵抗对虾白斑综合征病毒的侵染,其免疫指标也高于普通日本对虾.     

白腐菌降解玉米秸秆条件的优化试验

针对白腐菌对木质素的独特降解能力和玉米秸秆在制取燃料乙醇方面的应用,对白腐菌降解玉米秸秆的降解条件进行优化,通过正交实验得出较好的发酵培养基的组成:玉米秸秆为5g,酒石酸铵为1 g/L,pH值为4.5,微量元素的体积为15mL, VB1的质量为100ug, 吐温80的质量浓度为0.01%,最佳诱导剂是二甲苯胺,表面活性剂是吐温80,最佳通气状况是用4层纱布封口.