大蜡螟人工饲料配方筛选试验

以前人的大蜡螟人工饲料配方为对照,比较8种人工饲料配方对大蜡螟的饲养效果。结果表明,不同饲料配方对大蜡螟幼虫生长速率、蛹重、产卵量的影响有明显差异,对大蜡螟发育历期有一定影响但不明显。综合评价饲料配方对大蜡螟幼虫生长发育、蛹重、产卵量及历期的影响,同时兼顾饲料配方的成本,较理想的大蜡螟饲料配方为F4,即酵母粉5.40 g、甘油24.00 g、奶粉10.20 g、蜂蜜11.76 g、蜂蜡16.68 g、面粉51.96 g。     

大蜡螟工厂化生产流程及环境因素的控制

为了寻找大蜡螟工厂化生产过程中的适宜环境条件 ,定量控制研究了幼虫期环境因素对大蜡螟合格产品的影响。结果表明幼虫期适宜的环境条件为温度 (2 9± 1)℃、相对湿度 5 0 %～ 70 %、虫口密度 30 0头 /盒 ,光线对大蜡螟的生长没有明显影响     

Development and reproduction of Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae) feeding on entomopathogenic nematodes and tissues of insect larvae

We studied the effect of different food sources, infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae), and tissues from the insect larva, Polyphylla fullo (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) or Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on the development, reproduction and longevity of Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae). We showed that the immature mite stages - protonymph and tritonymph - could develop to the next developmental stage on living or sonicated (i.e., ruptured) S. feltiae or H. bacteriophora. However, the mite larval stage could only develop to the next developmental stage on sonicated infective juveniles of the nematodes. Subsequently, we demonstrated that S. polyphyllae completed development from protonymph to adult on live S. feltiae or H. bacteriophora, whereas all immature stages of S. polyphyllae completed their development from larva to adult on insect tissues. The total developmental period of S. polyphyllae that fed on insect tissues was significantly shorter than those that fed on live infective juveniles. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition periods and female longevity were not significantly different among the food sources. The total and daily fecundity of S. polyphyllae feeding on P. fullo and G. mellonella was significantly higher than those feeding on S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora, although there was no significant difference observed between P. fullo and G. mellonella or between S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora. The net reproductive rate (R₀) was highest (588.3♀/♀) when S. polyphyllae fed on P. fullo. The longest mean generation time (T₀) occurred on H. bacteriophora (12.6 days) and the shortest occurred on P. fullo (10.5 days). S. polyphyllae, which fed on P. fullo (r_m=0.61) and G. mellonella (r_m=0.55) had the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) compared to mites that fed on S .feltiae (r_m=0.45) and H. bacteriophora (r_m=0.41).     

北京地区昆虫病原线虫的自然发生情况初步调查

用大蜡螟诱集法,对在北京地区采集的175个土样进行了线虫分离,得到斯氏属线虫5个,异小杆属线虫6个,小杆线虫2个。土样有线虫率为13.1％。土样有线虫率与植被、土壤质地有关。从4种植被下采集土样的有线虫率分别是:果园28.2％、菜地10.5％、大田作物7.7％、未耕地0。4种土壤质地中土样有线虫率为:松沙土20.8％、砂壤土15.1％、中壤土12.2％、轻壤土5.4％。本土线虫对桃小食心虫、韭菜蛆、小木蠹蛾、二化螟的侵染力均高于引进的线虫。     

西洋参果实中发芽抑制物质研究

[目的]对西洋参（Panax quinquefolium Linne）种子休眠机理进行探讨。[方法]用系统溶剂法提取分离发芽抑制物质,之后大量制备,进行TLC分离,并采用GC-MS联用仪纯化和鉴定其结构式。[结果]在西洋参果肉中鉴定出21种发芽抑制物质。[结论]证明了果肉中确实含有多种抑制物质,其抑制活性强弱与稀释倍数成反比。     

黄斑露尾甲生物学特性及防治研究

通过室内饲养观察及实地调查，明确了黄斑露尾甲生活史等基本生物学特性，并据此提出相应防治对策。该虫世代重叠明显，日平均气温达１０℃为越冬后起始活动温度，每代历期约２０～２５ｄ，其中产卵前期平均４．６８ｄ，卵期平均２．１４ｄ，一、二、三龄幼虫期分别为３．４２ｄ、３．２ｄ和５．４６ｄ，蛹期平均为６．６４ｄ。１２月以老熟幼虫、蛹、成虫越冬。防治宜用药帘击杀     

高毒力金龟子绿僵菌的筛选及其胞外蛋白酶产量测定

以大蜡螟Galleria mellonella L.幼虫为供试昆虫,对从果园土壤中筛选出的金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae的生物活性进行了测定,共获得4株高毒力菌株,其LT50值在1.85～2.56 d之间,LD50值在6.11×102～1.55×104 spores之间。利用明胶-琼脂平板分析法对筛选出的高毒力绿僵菌菌株产胞外蛋白酶的水平进行了测定,结果显示,各菌株间产酶水平差异较大,且菌株产酶水平的高低与其对大蜡螟幼虫的毒力之间存在明显的线性相关性。     

The Galleria mellonella-Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Model System: Characterization of Pathogen Virulence and Insect Immune Responses

The use of Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an economical insect model, for the study of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (Migula) (EPEC), a diarrheagenic human pathogen, has been demonstrated previously but remains poorly understood. The present study characterizes the Galleria-EPEC system extensively for future studies using this system. We found that EPEC causes disease in G. mellonella larvae when injected intrahemocoelically but not orally. Disease manifests as increased mortality, decreased survival time, delayed pupation, decreased pupal mass, increased pupal duration, and hemocytopenia. Disease symptoms are dose-dependent and can be used as metrics for measuring EPEC virulence in future studies. The type III secretion system was only partially responsible for EPEC virulence in G. mellonella while the majority of the virulence remains unknown in origin. EPEC elicits insect anti-bacterial immune responses including melanization, hemolymph coagulation, nodulation, and phagocytosis. The immune responses were unable to control EPEC replication in the early stage of infection (≤3 h post-injection). EPEC clearance from the hemocoel does not guarantee insect survival. Overall, this study provided insights into EPEC virulence and pathogenesis in G. mellonella and identified areas of future research using this system.     

饲养密度对大蜡螟实验种群生命表参数的影响

大蜡螟是蜜蜂蜂群的主要害虫,也是重要的模式昆虫,其饲养条件的优化对获得大量试虫进而推动昆虫免疫及昆虫病理学研究有着重要作用。密度是影响昆虫生长发育重要的生物因子之一,饲养密度对人工种群的个体发育与存活有重要影响。设置20、30、40、60头·300 cm-3 4个饲养密度,采用年龄-龄期两性生命表分析大蜡螟实验种群的密度效应,比较不同饲养密度对大蜡螟发育、繁殖及种群参数的影响,估计种群动态,进而探究大蜡螟实验室饲养的适宜密度。结果表明,饲养密度最小（20头·300 cm-3）的种群,内禀增长率r(0.136 3±0.003 7 d-1)、周限增长率λ(1.146 0±0.004 2 d-1)均为最高（P<0.05）,净增殖率R0(724.50±11209粒卵）最大。饲养密度增加后,r和λ显著降低（P<0.05）,净增殖率下降。特定年龄-龄期存活率sxj、种群特定年龄繁殖力mx、和种群年龄净增殖率lxmx在低密度（20头·300 cm-3）种群中保持较高水平,随着饲养密度增加,参数值明显变小。4个密度饲养的大蜡螟种群,蛹期虫体收获率均在99%以上。较高密度饲养条件下,给予充足食物,在相同空间内可获得较多的大蜡螟个体,但低密度饲养有助于缩短种群发育历期,且饲养的个体和种群具有较高繁殖潜力,适于实验室种群维持,因此要根据研究目的合理设置饲养密度。研究结果为进一步优化大蜡螟实验室种群饲养,推动模式昆虫研究提供了理论依据。     

黄斑露尾甲种群动态研究

通过药帘击杀，初步明确了黄斑露几甲种群在酒厂曲房内外的消长动态。在进曲后第二天种群活动数量达到高峰，每日０９：００～１３：００为种群活动高峰时段。进曲当天白房外种群数量大于曲房内，此后，曲房内种群略高于曲房外种群数量。