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91.
利福平乙基纤维素微球在小鼠体内的组织分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以有机相分散、溶媒扩散二步法制备了利福平乙基纤维素微球,粒径范围2.5-12.5μm,其中粒径2.5-5.0μm的约占63%。采用微生物测定法研究了利福平乙基纤维素微球静脉给药后,利福平在小鼠体内的组织分布,且与游离利福平在小鼠体内组织分布进行了比较,小鼠单剂量静脉注射游离利福平或利福平乙基纤维素微球(相当于利福平原药)10mg/kg,测定0.5、1、3、7、12、24、48、72、120、168h共10个时间点各组织中的药物浓度。结果表明,游离利福平给药组和利福平乙基纤维素微球给药组在12h内均以肝脏中药物浓度为最高,为9.96-22.41μg/g,在3h内微球给药组高于游离药物给药组,7、12h微球给药组的药物浓度迅速下降,低于游离药物给药组;肾脏的药物浓度在12h内微球给药组明显低于游离药物给药组,24-168h微球给药组的药物浓度下降迟缓,显著高于游离药物给药组直到168药物浓度始终是微球给药组高于游离药物给药组,12h游离药物给药组已不能检出药物含量,而微球给药组直到168h仍维持在5.44μg/g,接近游离药物给药组的最高峰值;血清中利福平浓度在48h已不能检出,而微球给药组在168h为1.33mg/L;心脏、用脏微球给药组和游离药物给药组的药物浓度变化无统计学意义,与游离药物相比,利福平微球明显提高了肺脏中的药物分布,降低了利福平对肝脏、肾脏的毒性,并显著延缓了药物代谢,说明利福平微球具有长效、靶向作用。 相似文献
92.
采用未成熟SD大鼠肝细胞微粒体为试验材料,以2,3,7,8-四氯-二苯基-并-二哑噁英(2,3,7,8- tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)作为参照,利用甲氧基-异酚噁脱甲基酶(methoxyresorufin-O- demethylase,MROD)竞争性抑制动力学和荧光光谱法分析法,测定了5种多溴联苯(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)对7-甲氧基-异酚噁唑脱甲基反应的影响,间接研究了这些PBDEs对CYP1A2 的竞争性抑制作用。结果表明,和TCDD相比,PBDEs对MROD活性的抑制作用较弱,亦即对CYP1A2的 竞争性抑制作用较弱。 相似文献
93.
G. R. Andrews 《Euphytica》1979,28(3):751-753
Summary A rapid laboratory method was developed for screening black currant juices for ascorbic acid content in a plant breeding programme. 相似文献
94.
95.
Resistance of wheat cultivars from the UK, 2003 recommended list were evaluated against Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum, Microdochium nivale var. majus and var. nivale, F. avenaceum and F. poae using a seed germination assay and related to previously published data on detached leaf assays, using M. nivale, and UK recommended list Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance ratings. Significant cultivar differences were found after inoculation with all fungal species with the exception of F. poae where the decline in the percentage of seed germinating relative to the controls was small. Correlations of the percentage seed germinating inoculated with the remaining Fusarium spp. and M. nivale were high (r = 0.68; P < 0.01 to r = 0.94; P < 0.001). Overall, F. graminearum caused the greatest reduction with a mean seed germination of 61.7% relative to the controls followed by F. avenaceum (65.5%), M. nivale var. majus (67.2%), F. culmorum (76.6%), M. nivale var. nivale (89.2%) and was least for F. poae (92.5%). The resistance detected in the germination assay was significantly correlated to whole plant FHB resistance ratings (rs = 0.45; P < 0.05) but was not correlated to partial disease resistance (PDR) components detected using the detached leaf assay, namely, incubation period, latent period and lesion length. The results suggest that while resistances detected in the seed germination and detached leaf assays may in part share a common genetic basis to FHB resistance, resistances detected in both in vitro assays are independent of each other. Resistances detected in the seed germination assay had a lower correlation with FHB resistance ratings against F. culmorum, than those detected by latent period in the detached leaf assay. 相似文献
96.
Cyanobacteria are important for global nitrogen cycle and often form complex associations referred to as cyanobacterial mats
or periphyton that are common in tropical, limestone-based wetlands. The objective of this study was to monitor the nitrogen
fixation rate using the acetylene reduction assay of these cyanobacterial mats in a tropical, unfertilized, and protected
wetland. To account for temporal and spatial variation of nitrogenase activity, we were interested in seasons in a hydrological
cycle (dry, rains, and end of rains), sites with different vascular vegetation, and rates of nitrogenase activity in a 24-h
cycle. The annual average of nitrogenase activity was 22 nmol C2H4 cm−2 h−1, with a range of <6 to 35 nmol C2H4 cm−2 h−1, and the annual nitrogen fixation rate of our study site (9.0 g N m−2 year−1) is higher than similar estimates from other freshwater wetlands. There was a clear temporal pattern in nitrogenase activity
with a maximum rate occurring during the rainy season (August) and a maximum nitrogenase activity occurring between 0600 and
1200 hours. We found spatial differences in nitrogenase activity among the four sites that could be attributed to variations
in species composition within the periphyton. 相似文献
97.
Hongjie Li Robert L. Conner Qin Chen Robert J. Graf André Laroche F. Ahmad A. D. Kuzyk 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,51(8):827-835
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), vectored by the wheat curl mite (WCM),Aceria tosichella Keifer, is one of the most destructive viral diseases of wheat found in many wheat producing areas of the world. Host resistance is the most effective method for controlling this disease and its vector. Symptomatological analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to characterize WSMV-resistance in wheat-alien partial amphiploid lines and their derivatives. The results showed that most of partial amphiploids derived fromThinopyrum ponticum andTh. intermedium were free of systemic symptoms with very low ELISA readings that were similar to that of the non-inoculated Chinese Spring control. While the partial amphiploid lines 693 and PWM706 were identified as new genetic resources of resistance to WSMV. The present study demonstrated that both symptomatological and ELISA methods efficiently assessed WSMV-resistance in the wheat-alien hybrids and systemic symptom incidence and ELISA absorbance readings were highly correlated (r
2 = 0.8658–0.9323) over time following inoculation. The ELISA results also indicated that the virus did not buildup in the plant tissues of these virus-resistant partial amphiploids. Similar results were observed in chromosome translocation and substitution lines that have the geneWsm1 conferring WSMV resistance. However, the lines containing the geneWsm1 and all the partial amphiploid lines, except Agrotana, were susceptible to the WCM. One line derived from a cross of wheat and Agrotana, was effective in controlling the spread of WSMV and was highly resistant to the WCM. Another line and an accession ofTriticum dicoccoides (Koern.) Schweinf. were highly susceptible to WSMV and WCM. Early disease development was delayed in a new hard red winter cultivar McClintock. The partial WSMV-resistance of McClintock was demonstrated by initially low ELISA readings, and a lower percentage of infected plants than other WSMV-susceptible wheat. The use of the identified promising sources of resistance to WSMV and the WCM in wheat breeding is discussed.LRC Contribution No. 387-01061. 相似文献
98.
Application of an augmented nitrification assay to elucidate the effects of a spring barley crop and manures on temporal variations in rates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of crop plants and farmyard or poultry manure applications on temporal variations in nitrification rates were
measured in a field experiment. In order to elucidate factors which may have been governing such rates, an augmented nitrification
assay was applied. The basis of the assay was to measure nitrification rates under circumstances where substrate, i.e. ammonium-ion,
and water and spatial constraints had been removed. Nitrification rates showed marked temporal variation, of over one order
of magnitude, throughout the growing season. Nitrification rates were also similarly increased when substrate and spatial
constraints were removed, but distinct temporal variations still persisted. The pattern of such variations varied according
to assay conditions in the augmented nitrification assay. Barley plants had a statistically significant effect on nitrification
rates, positive early in the growing season and negative at the end. Manures stimulated nitrification, with poultry manure
having a greater effect than farmyard manure, and there was evidence for a relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic
activity. Factors other than ammonium-ion concentration and water or spatial restrictions must also regulate nitrification
rates in mineral soils; these could include population size or interactions.
Received: 7 January 1996 相似文献
99.
Summary In three field trials conducted during the summer season of 1986, 1987 and 1989 in an alkaline soil, 17 accessions of annual Sesbania spp. were evaluated for nodulation, N2 fixation (acetylene reduction assay), dry weight of roots and shoots, woody biomass production, and nutrient uptake. At 50 days after sowing all the accessions were effectively nodulated (average 36.4 root nodules plant-1) with a high nodule score (3.4). There was a lot of variation in nodule volume and mass and in acetylene reduction activity but not in N content (5.2%). N uptake in shoots, roots and nodules averaged 639, 31, and 13 mg plant-1, respectively, and much of the fixed N remained in shoots. Accessions of S. cannabina complex performed better than others. S. rostrata had poor root nodulation but exhibited excellent stem nodulation (300 nodules plant-1) even though not inoculated with Azorhizobium sp. Average concentrations of N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg in the shoots were high, at 3.2, 0.28, 1.5, 0.28, 1.5, and 0.4% respectively, and Na was low (0.15%), reflecting the usefulness of Sesbania spp. as an integrated biofertilizer source. Green matter production was 26.0 Mg ha-1 (5.9 Mg dry matter) and N uptake was 158 kg ha-1, 54 days after sowing. Average woody biomass of six accessions at maturity, 200 days after sowing, was high (19.9 Mg ha-1), showing its potential for shortterm firewood production. Total nutrient uptake for production of woody biomass (200 days of growth) was no more demanding than growing the plant to the green-manuring stage of 50–60 days' growth. 相似文献
100.
Raman Rai 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,14(4):293-299
Summary Following screening, selection, characterization, and symbiotic N2 fixation with 12,5, 25.0, and 40.0 mg N kg–1 in normal and saline-sodic soils, only two Phaseolus vulgaris genotypes (HUR 137 and VL 63) and two Rhizobium spp. strains (ND 1 and ND 2) produced maximum nodulation, nitrogenase activity, plant N contents, and grain yields in saline-sodic soil, with 12.5 mg N kg–1, compared with the other strains. However, interactions between strains (USDA 2689, USDA 2674, and ND 5) and genotypes (PDR 14, HUR 15, and HUR 138) were significant and resulted in more nodulation, and greater plant N contents, nitrogenase activity, and grain yields in normal soils with 12.5 mg N kg–1 compared with salt-tolerant strains. Higher levels of N inhibited nodulation and nitrogenase activity without affecting grain yields. To achieve high crop yields from saline-sodic and normal soils in the plains area, simultaneous selection of favourably interacting symbionts is necessary for N economy, so that bean yields can be increased by the application of an active symbiotic system. 相似文献