北京地区家蝇抗药性与酶活性的关系

试验结果表明，不同抗性水平种群的羧酸酯酶活性与其对拟除虫菊酯的抗性程度明显相关．北京崇文区、宣武区和密云等地区的家蝇种群以及用残杀威选育的种群和用残杀威、７５０４、溴氰菊酯选育后合并的种群，多功能氧化酶（ＭＦＯ）活性明显高于农大敏感品系（ＳＡ），最多相差近１０倍，但是用溴氰菊酯选有的种群和用残杀威选育后加敏感品系稀释的种群，ＭＦＯ活性没有明显的提高。说明ＭＦＯ活性的提高与家蝇对残杀威的抗性有密切关系，而与对溴氰菊酯的抗性关系次之。抗性家蝇种群的乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡｃｈＥ）对敌百虫的敏感度明显低于ＳＡ品系的ＡｃｈＥ，说明ＡｃｈＥ的敏感度降低是家蝇对有机磷杀虫剂的抗性机制之一。酸性磷酸酯酶、碱性磷酸酯酶以及谷胱甘肽－Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴ）活性在不同家蝇种群中没有明显差异，说明这三个酶系可能与家蝇的抗药性无关。     

Acute effects of cadmium on liver phase I and phase II enzymes and metallothionein accumulation on sea bream Sparus aurata

This research was designed to study Sparus aurata (sea bream) biotransformation and detoxification responses to acute exposure to cadmium (Cd). Sexually immature gilthead sea bream were treated by intraperitoneal injection of Cd chloride (200 μg kg⁻¹) for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Cd accumulation was quantified in sea bream liver by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy after the various exposure periods. The following biological responses were measured: (1) ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity as phase I biotransformation parameter, (2) liver glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity as a phase II conjugation enzyme and metallothionein (MT) content as specific response to Cd contamination. Cd bioaccumulation in the liver resulted in an increasing uptake up to 10.3 μg g⁻¹ wet weight after 48 h of exposure. EROD showed a significant activation only after 6 h exposure and a return to control levels after 12 h. GST revealed significant activation starting from 12 h exposure. MT accumulation in liver showed the same behavior as GST activation.     

Construction of Prokaryotic Expression Vector of Mouse Nanog Gene and Its Expression

The aim of this study is to construct a prokaryotic expression vector of mouse Nanog gene and to express it in E. coli. A pair of primers was designed according to digestion sites in plasmid pGEX-KG and the Nanog gene sequence published by GenBank. The DNA fragment of 918 bp was amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） from the pNA992 recombinant plasmid with Nanog gene, then cloned into pGEX-KG and transformed into the host E. coli strain TG Ⅰ. The sequence of the fragment was matched with the original sequence of pNA992. It indicated that fusion expression vector, pGEX-KG- Nanog, was constructed successfully. The pGEX-KG-Nanog plasmid was extracted from E. coli strain TG Ⅰ and was transformed into BL21（DE3） for expression. After induction by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside （IPTG） at 37℃, the expression product of Nanog gene was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）, and the expression condition was optimized. Nanog fusion protein was successfully expressed in the form of inclusion bodies. The molecular weight of the inclusion body was 63 kDa. Meanwhile, the optimum condition for the expression of Nanog fusion protein was induced with 0.8 mmol L^-1 IPTG for 5 h. The mouse Nanog gene was successfully expressed in E. coli, which laid a foundation for the purification of Nanog protein and for the preparation of polyclonal antibody.     

朱砂叶螨TcGSTM7的体外表达及其功能

【目的】朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)是一种重要的农业害螨,长期化学防治导致其对多种药剂产生了抗性,因此明确该螨对化学药剂的解毒代谢机制对开展有效的抗性治理具有重要意义。谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)是节肢动物主要的解毒代谢酶之一,笔者前期研究中筛选出了朱砂叶螨体内高表达的一条GST基因TcGSTM7,该基因的表达在药剂处理下具有明显的可诱导性。因此,本研究以TcGSTM7为研究对象,进一步利用异源表达技术分析TcGSTM7重组蛋白和甲氰菊酯、丁氟螨酯的互作效应,以及利用RNAi沉默该基因的表达后,检测朱砂叶螨对这两种药剂的敏感性变化,为明确TcGSTM7在药剂代谢中的功能打下基础。【方法】利用NCBI数据库对TcGSTM7编码蛋白的序列特征进行注释,并在SWISS MODEL构建的蛋白三维结构中对相关结构域、结合位点以及活性中心等进行展示。利用异源表达系统在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中表达TcGSTM7重组蛋白,对重组蛋白进行分离纯化后使用特异性底物检测其GST催化活性,并通过检测杀螨剂对该蛋白活性的抑制效果分析其与甲氰菊酯和丁氟螨酯的互作效应。在此基础上,为明确TcGSTM7基因表达水平对朱砂叶螨药剂敏感性的影响,参照该基因的序列设计并合成特异dsRNA,利用叶碟饲喂法将其导入朱砂叶螨体内,经qPCR检测TcGSTM7表达水平显著下调后,进行生物测定分析基因沉默后朱砂叶螨对不同剂量甲氰菊酯和丁氟螨酯药剂敏感性的变化。【结果】TcGSTM7的氨基酸序列分析结果表明,其N端具有一个Mu家族GST特有的thioredoxin-like结构域,以及一个GSH的结合位点(G-site),在C端则具有催化底物结合域(H-site)。该蛋白具有9个α螺旋和4个β折叠结构,呈经典的βαβαββα排列方式。在三维结构预测的基础上,通过原核表达技术获得了TcGSTM7重组蛋白,该重组蛋白分子量为26 kD,与预测结果一致,并且具有GST蛋白的催化活性。TcGSTM7重组蛋白酶活性为673.26nmol·min-1·mg~(-1),其动力学常数Km为0.71 mmol·L~(-1),Vmax为109.54 nmol·min-1·mg~(-1)。药剂抑制试验结果表明甲氰菊酯和丁氟螨酯均可抑制TcGSTM7重组蛋白的酶活性,IC_(50)分别为0.038和0.2 mmol·L~(-1)。进一步利用叶碟饲喂法让朱砂叶螨取食dsRNA,对TcGSTM7的表达进行了干扰,qPCR检测表明取食48 h后,dsRNA对TcGSTM7的干扰效率达到52.88%。药剂敏感性测定结果显示,沉默TcGSTM7的表达后,朱砂叶螨对LC_(30)和LC_(50)的甲氰菊酯敏感性分别上升了9.0%和12.3%,对LC_(30)和LC_(50)的丁氟螨酯敏感性分别上升了12.9%和11.0%,且均达到显著水平(P0.05)。【结论】TcGSTM7的表达可以影响朱砂叶螨对甲氰菊酯和丁氟螨酯的敏感性,且其重组蛋白和这两种药剂存在互作效应,表明TcGSTM7可能在朱砂叶螨对甲氰菊酯和丁氟螨酯的代谢过程中具有重要作用。     

百脉根谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因的载体构建与检测

[目的]探讨百脉根谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因（LcGST）的作用。[方法]通过DNA重组技术将LcGST与中间表达载体pGN连接。[结果]成功构建了植物表达载体pGN-LcGST。[结论]pGN-LcGST载体的获得为进一步研究其在异源植物中的功能奠定了基础。     

乙草胺对泥鳅肝脏乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶的影响

用急性染毒法研究了5种不同浓度、不同处理时间的乙草胺对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)肝脏乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的乙草胺处理对泥鳅肝脏中AChE均起抑制作用。低浓度的乙草胺处理对泥鳅肝脏中GST活性起诱导作用,而高浓度则起抑制作用。