硒对汞致抗氧化系统损伤的拮抗作用

选用健康雏鸡250只作实验动物（对照组、中毒组、3个水平的硒保护组），研究汞对血液、组织中GSH－Px活性和LPO含量的影响以及硒与汞之间的相互作用效应。实验结果表明：汞可显著降低血清、组织中GSH－Px活性（P＜0.01），引起动物组织器官脂质过氧化，致使血清、组织中LPO含量显著增高（P＜0.01），且有时间－效应关系。从而说明汞能降低机体的抗氧化功能，损伤抗氧化系统；硒对汞致抗氧化系统的损伤具有拮抗作用。     

Stimulation of ROS-scavenging systems in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants by compost supplementation under normal and low temperature conditions

The beneficial effect of compost, the final product of aerobic biodegradation of organic matter, on growth, lipid peroxidation [as malondialdehyde (MDA], hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂^•−), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as reduced ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) and their oxidized forms was investigated in squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Eskandarany) plants exposed to normal and low temperature (LT) conditions. LT stress of 8 °C significantly reduced the plant growth of untreated plants, but compost alleviated the adverse effect of stress and significantly increased the fresh and dry weights under normal and stress conditions. LT also induced accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^•− and resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, pointing out to cellular oxidative stress. Under compost application, such reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidized lipids were markedly reduced, but SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, key enzymes of ROS-scavenging systems, were significantly increased. Data also indicated that there were general reductions in total ascorbate and glutathione pool in LT control plants, but compost-treated ones considerably have maintained higher levels of such redox metabolites. Significantly higher ratios of ASC/DHA (dehydroascorbate) and GSH/GSSG (glutathione disulfide) were generally found in compost-treated plants than in untreated-ones. It is evident that compost induced enhancement of LT tolerance was related to up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Such enhancement would eventually protect plant cells from LT-induced oxidative stress reactions via scavenging ROS.     

Hepatoprotective activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, captopril and enalapril, against paraquat toxicity

Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that is used in most countries without restriction. The cytotoxic action of paraquat is mediated by reactive radicals that are products of its metabolic reduction in cells. It has already been hypothesized that some angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g., captopril and enalapril) could show antioxidant and radical scavenging activity through their structural thiol groups, increasing antioxidant enzymes production or nitric oxide synthesis. In this study the hepatoprotective effect of captopril and enalapril against paraquat induced oxidative stress cytotoxicity was evaluated in isolated rat hepatocyte. Subtoxic concentrations of captopril (0.2 mM) and enalapril (0.2 mM) significantly (p < 0.05) protected the hepatocytes against paraquat (2 mM) induced oxidative stress cytotoxicity markers including: cell lysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, lysosomal membrane oxidative damage and cellular proteolysis. Moreover, we showed that non-thiol enalapril acts as well as thiol containing captopril at inhibiting oxidative stress cytotoxicity markers. Finally, our results support the hypothesis that it is the increase in nitric oxide synthesis and not the presence of the thiol group that accounts for the antioxidant activity of ACE inhibitors.     

谷胱甘肽(GSH)对绵羊细管冻精质量的影响

研究了在绵羊冻精稀释液中添加不同浓度(0、1、2、2.5、3 mmol/L)的谷胱甘肽(GSH)对细管冻精质量及体外受精的影响。结果显示:在绵羊精子的冷冻稀释液中添加1 mmol/L GSH具有最好的效果,可以显著地增加冷冻解冻精子的活力以及精子质膜、顶体膜和DNA的完整性,还可以在一定程度上提高体外受精的卵裂率及囊胚率。     

弱光及干旱条件下AMF对切花月季光合和AsA-GSH循环的影响

旨在探究弱光及干旱条件下丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对切花月季光合、AsA-GSH循环以及渗透调节物质的影响。盆栽条件下设置100%全光照（L1）、50%全光照（L2）2个光照处理组,80%土壤持水量（W1）和40%土壤持水量（W2）2个水分处理组,接种AMF\[变形球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)+异形根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus irregularis)\]及不接种对照（CK）共8个处理。结果表明,AMF能够侵染切花月季根系,显著提高切花月季生长品质。弱光和/或干旱胁迫下,与不接种对照相比,接种AMF能有效地促进切花月季叶片的净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）和水分利用效率（WUE）增加,降低细胞间隙CO₂浓度（C_i）;在L2W2处理条件下,与不接种对照相比,接种AMF使切花月季叶片中的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDAR）和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）活性分别提高5.2%、 15.4%、21.7%和35.9%;接种AMF的抗坏血酸（AsA）含量与对照处理无显著差异,还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量提高8.1%,GSH／GSSG比值增加7.9%;接种AMF后切花月季丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸（Pro）含量明显增加。结论认为AMF通过维持AsA/DHA和GSH/GSSG的稳定,提高AsA-GSH循环中相关酶活性,增加切花月季叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量而降低MDA含量来适应水分和光照的变化,形成适应光照和水分条件变化的生理生态对策来改善切花月季生长品质。     

低盐胁迫对黄姑鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化功能的影响

该实验设置3个盐度梯度（9、16、23,分别记为S9、S16、S23）,其中S23为对照组,对黄姑鱼（Nibea albiflora）幼鱼进行低盐度胁迫,于第0、第1、第3和第7天进行取样。通过检测肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GSH-Px）和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）,以及肝脏和血清的丙二醛（MDA）质量摩尔浓度,研究低盐度对黄姑鱼抗氧化系统的影响。结果显示,肝脏SOD活力呈上升后下降变化,而CAT活力呈减弱后增强而后再减弱的变化。肝脏GSH-Px活力出现了显著增强（P 0.05）。且盐度越低,活力变化越剧烈。肝脏T-AOC在盐度16下呈现显著增强后减弱变化（P 0.05）,而S9组T-AOC显著减弱后维持在较低水平（P 0.05）。S9组肝脏与血清b(MDA)有显著升高（P 0.05）,而S16组肝脏b（MDA）呈上下波动变化,血清b(MDA)则略有下降。实验表明,盐度降低可显著影响黄姑鱼肝脏的抗氧化功能,而黄姑鱼对低盐度有较强适应能力,但胁迫过强会消耗机体储备,降低机体抵抗力,损伤鱼体。     

干旱胁迫下硫对小麦叶片GSH含量及GSH-PX活性的影响

生物体内的谷胱甘肽对消除逆境产生的活性氧具有重要的作用.无机硫营养吸收与体内有机硫的转化有着密切相关,研究干旱胁迫下硫营养与谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-PX)活性的关系,对揭示硫素的抗逆作用机理具有重要的理论和实际意义.本研究以高水肥型小麦品种郑引1号和抗旱型品种陕合6号为供试材料,分别用Hoagland全营养液和缺硫营养液进行溶液培养试验,探讨了模拟干旱胁迫过程下小麦苗期功能叶片中GSH含量和GSH-PX活性的变化.结果表明:陕合6号的GSH含量显著高于郑引1号;水分胁迫下,郑引1号中供硫处理的GSH含量上升迅速,24 h、48 h及72 h分别比供水处理增加了26.4%、33.5%和56.6%,而缺硫处理则分别是供水处理的93.2%、95.9%和74.5%;陕合6号在水分胁迫的72 h内供硫处理的GSH含量变化不明显,分别为供水处理98.3%～106.1%,而缺硫处理的GSH含量有明显的增加,分别比供水处理增加了13.1%、40.2%和45.9%.郑引1号的GSH含量受水分胁迫和硫营养供给状况的影响显著,而陕合6号的GSH含量仅在缺硫情况下对水分胁迫敏感.水分胁迫初期(24 h)可诱导GSH-PX活性增高,郑引1号供硫处理较供水处理增加了23.9%,而缺硫处理仅增加了7.4%;陕合6号品种的供硫处理和缺硫处理分别较供水处理增加了24.5%和16.8%.随着干旱胁迫时间的延长(48～72 h),GSH-PX活性均呈降低趋势,但供硫处理的GSH-PX活性始终高于缺硫处理.郑引1号高水肥型品种的GSH-PX活性较低,在缺硫环境下受水分胁迫的诱导不敏感;而陕合6号抗旱型品种的GSH-PX活性整体上较高,并且对水分胁迫的响应比较敏感.     

实验性脾虚证与自由基代谢的相关性及四君子汤对其的调整作用

分别用小承气汤和利血平复制大鼠脾虚证模型，通过检测血清和心、肝、脾、肾等组织中抗氧化酶SOD和GSHP－Px的活性及脂质过氧化反应终产物MDA含量，研究脾虚证与自由基代谢的相关性及四君子汤对其影响。结果表明：两种方法复制脾虚证模型与对照组比较均表现为SOD活性显著升高（P＜0．05），GSH－Px活性显著降低（P＜0．05）；四君子汤反证治疗组与脾虚证组比较表现为SOD活性显著下降（P＜0．05），GSH－Px活性显著升高（P＜0．05），MDA含量显著降低（P＜0．05），与正常对照组接近。表明大鼠虚证动物模型与体内自由基代谢紊乱，脂质过氧化作用增强存在一定关系，健脾益气方药四君子汤能够提高体内抗氧化酶活性，拮抗自由基对生物膜的过氧化损伤，具有抗脂质过氧化损伤的作用。     

新疆苜蓿愈伤组织再生体系建立的研究

以新牧1号、新疆大叶苜蓿和新疆野生黄花苜蓿无菌苗下胚轴为外植体,研究了两种诱导培养基对愈伤组织诱导、生长的影响,以及增殖培养基中附加GSH和ABA对愈伤组织增殖、分化及再生的影响.结果表明,MS+2,4-D 2mg/L+NAA 2mg/L+KT 1mg/L为较佳诱导培养基;增殖培养基中附加GSH 15mg/L有利于分化及植株再生;增殖培养基中附加GSH 15mg/L+ABA 3 mg/L有利于提高新牧1号和新疆大叶苜蓿体胚分化能力,附加GSH 15mg/L+ABA 6mg/L有利于新疆野生黄花苜蓿体胚分化频率;实验共筛选出新牧1号、新疆大叶苜蓿、新疆野生黄花苜蓿高分化能力基因型分别为5、6和5个.     

Effect of antioxidant supplementation on free radical scavenging system and immune response in lindane treated scabies patients

The scabicide, lindane induces oxidative stress and immunological alterations. The present study was undertaken to assess the ameliorative effects of antioxidant supplementation in lindane treated scabies patients. Scabies patients were treated with either 1% lindane or 1% lindane along with antioxidant (Lycored or Vitamin-E). Oxidative stress and immunological parameters were evaluated in blood samples and compared with healthy controls. Lindane caused a significant increase in malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), which was attenuated by anti-oxidant therapy. The IL-1α levels were significantly enhanced in scabies patients per se and remained unaffected after lindane/anti-oxidant treatment. The TNF-α and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction levels were not significantly different in all the groups. Topical application of lindane induces significant free radical generation and may cause immunological alterations which can be reversed by antioxidant therapy.