GIS在森林公园总体规划制图中的应用

文章根据森林公园总体规划的技术要求,探讨了利用GIS(地理信息系统)软件进行森林公园总体规划成图的基本步骤,特别详细地说明了应用Arcmap进行制图时应注意的几点问题。     

基于GIS的河南省黄河流域土地质量地球化学评价

根据研究区地球化学现状,以地形图、土壤类型图和其他参评图件为基础,应用GIS技术经过叠加分析所获得的封闭单元作为评价单元。选择13个评价指标,应用隶属度函数等方法,对河南省黄河流域进行土地质量地球化学评价,得到流域内土地质量综合评价分级图。     

基于GIS的森林火灾视频监控定位方法研究

目前我国大部分重点林区都配备视频监控系统,但在监控过程中如何实现自动判断火点位置仍然是有待进一步研究的问题.本文的定位方法以无线视频监控系统为硬件基础,以地理信息系统为软件平台,探索在单点摄像观测及多点摄像观测情况下火点定位问题及其解决方法.     

福建省林业有害生物灾害航空监测作业设计与效果评估系统

基于RS、GPS、GIS技术,研发了作业区规划、航线自动设计、作业效果评估等生产实用技术方案及软件系统;集成了一套与轻型飞机相匹配的航空录像监测技术,实现航空作业的科学化和规范化,极大地提高了工效,降低了成本.     

GIS技术在木论自然保护区白鹇种群动态监测中的应用

探讨地理信息系统(Geographic Information System)技术在木论自然保护区野生白鹇(Lophura nycthe-mera)种群动态及其栖息地监测方面的应用,包括监测样带设计、栖息地调查、监测定位、数据收集、制作监测与栖息地专题图。     

Epidemic West Nile virus encephalomyelitis: a temperature-dependent, spatial model of disease dynamics

Since first being detected in New York in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread throughout the United States and more than 20,000 cases of equine WNV encephalomyelitis have been reported. A spatial model of disease occurrence was developed, using data from an outbreak of serologically confirmed disease in an unvaccinated population of horses at 108 locations in northern Indiana between 3 August and 17 October 2002. Daily maximum temperature data were recorded at meteorological stations surrounding the study area. The distribution of the total number of degree-days elapsing between July 4 and the date of diagnosis of each case was best described by a normal distribution (mean = 5243 °F, S.D. = 1047). The days on which the average risk was >25, >50 and >75% were predicted (versus observed) to occur on August 23 (August 9), August 31 (September 2) and September 9 (September 9). The epidemic was predicted to occur 3 days earlier, or 4 days later, than observed if temperatures in the study area were uniformly increased, or decreased, by 5 °F, respectively. Maps indicated that WNV encephalomyelitis risk always remained greater in the northwest quadrant of the study area. Since WNV might exist at a hypoendemic level of infection, and occasionally re-emerge as a cause of epidemics in equine populations, by identifying factors that contributed to this epidemic, the potential impact of future epidemics can be reduced. Such studies rely on a GIS framework, availability of meteorological and possibly remotely sensed data and information on host and landscape factors. An early-warning system for WNV transmission in equine populations could be developed.     

Bayesian hierarchical modelling to enhance the epidemiological value of abattoir surveys for bovine fasciolosis

Four classes of Bayesian hierarchical models were evaluated using an historical dataset from an abattoir survey for fasciolosis conducted in Victoria, Australia. The purpose of this analysis was to identify areas of high prevalence and to explain these in terms of environmental covariates. The simplest of the Bayesian models, with a single random effect, validated the use of smoothed maps for cartographic display when the sample sizes vary. The model was then extended to partition the random effect into spatially structured and unstructured components, thus allowing for spatial autocorrelation. Rainfall, irrigation, temperature-adjusted rainfall and a remotely sensed surrogate for rainfall, the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), were then introduced into the models as explanatory variables. The variable that best explained the observed distribution was irrigation. Associations between prevalence and both rainfall and NDVI that were significant in fixed effects models were shown to be due to spatial confounding. Nevertheless, provided they are used cautiously, confounded variables may be valid predictors for the prevalence of disease.     

基于遥感、GIS的半干旱区旗县域农用土地适宜性评价研究——以呼和浩特市托克托县为例

以内蒙古托克托县为研究对象,针对半干旱区旗县域农用土地存在的问题,利用 研究区2002年遥感影像及有关图件与资料,基于遥感与GIS技术,结合野外调查,参照FAO 土地评价体系,应用AHP(层次分析法),通过9657个评价单元的自然和社会经济条件的综合 分析,完成研究区农用土地适宜性评价,提出土地资源利用中存在的问题、限制条件及用地对 策。     

基于GIS的绿洲土壤含水量空间变异性研究

干旱区降水稀少 ,气候干燥 ,土壤水分成为维持地表植被的重要因素之一。由于不同区域受地形、土壤特性、地下水位等的影响不同 ,其土壤含水量的分布也有很大的差异性。因此 ,为深入分析干旱区绿洲土壤含水量的空间变异性及其分布趋势 ,通过实测土壤含水量数据 ,利用地理信息系统的空间分析方法 ,研究了三工河流域土壤含水量的空间变异特征 ,并对其分布规律进行了探讨和评估 ,其目的是为了深入了解干旱区土壤水分变化规律及其对植被的影响。