DNA甲基化与肿瘤研究进展

对肿瘤研究的不断深入,发现除了基因突变之外,表观遗传改变也与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。肿瘤表观遗传的改变以DNA的异常甲基化为主。DNA的异常甲基化几乎存在于任何类型的人类肿瘤中,包括皮肤恶性肿瘤。DNA甲基化是指在DNA甲基化酶的作用下,以S-腺苷酸-L-甲硫氨酸为甲基供体,将甲基转移到特定碱基上的过程。基因的正常功能除了依赖于正常结构外,还依赖于正常的甲基化状态。DNA的异常甲基化在肿瘤发生中起重要作用。     

Swine fever. Immunisation of piglets

Vaccination against Swine Fever using the CL Chinese strain can be done in 7-day-old piglets if they are born of non-immune sows. The simultaneous weaning and vaccination emphasises the safety of this strain. The excellent immunity observed confirms the immunocompetence of 7-day-old piglets. In piglets born of immune sows and also weaned at 7 days, passive protection can extend beyond the age of 2 months if the sow is vaccinated several months prior to gestation. The immune level of the piglets would seem to depend on the interval between vaccination of the sow and farrowing and can be attributed to the quality of the antibodies transmitted by the colostrum. Piglets born of sows vaccinated 10 months prior to farrowing can be vaccinated as early as 5 weeks; the protection percentage observed at the age of about 6 months is over 80%. A booster injection at this age then confers immunity to future breeders throughout their economic life, i.e. 4 years in the reported experiment.     

Effect of miR-181b on cell proliferation and expression of Bcl-2 and SP1 in HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the role of miR-181b in the expression of Bcl-2 and SP1 at mRNA and protein levels in the human hepatoma G2 cells (HepG2), and to explore the effect of miR-181b on the regulation of HepG2 cell proliferation. METHODS: The synthetic double-strand complementary DNA based on the sequence of miR-181b was inserted into the vector of miRNASelect^TM pEGP-miR. The microRNA high-expression plasmid was cloned, and the sequences were identified. The miR-181b plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells with liposomes. The stable cell line was screened by puromycin. The mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2 and SP1 were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to analyze the proliferation of HepG2 cells. RESULTS: The Western blotting results showed that miR-181b inhibited the protein expression of Bcl-2 and SP1. The result of RT-PCR also indicated that the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and SP1 was suppressed. Compared with the control, the growth rate of HepG2 with high expression of miR-181b was significantly decreased.CONCLUSION: miR-181b inhibits the proliferation of HepG2, which may be related to the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and SP1.     

香蕉枯萎病菌myosin-1基因的功能分析及外施dsRNA介导的抗性评估

 香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense,Foc)引起的香蕉毁灭性土传病害,其中 4号生理小种(Foc4)能感染几乎所有的香蕉品系,危害最严重。SMART在线软件分析myosin-1基因具有肌球蛋白马达蛋白(myosin motor domain, MMD),肌动蛋白尾结构TH1(myosin tail)和 Src家族同源结构域SH3(src homology domain 3),与禾谷镰刀菌中氰烯菌酯靶标基因myosin-5具高度的蛋白同源性,相似性高达83%。利用Split-marker基因重组技术获得Foc4的myosin-1基因敲除突变体,Δmyosin-1突变株丧失了对氰烯菌酯的敏感性,菌丝生长缓慢,产孢量减少且孢子畸形,对香蕉致病力严重下降,证实myosin-1是氰烯菌酯在Foc4中的作用靶标基因。外施靶向myosin-1体外转录的dsRNA,能抑制菌丝的生长,降低菌丝活性;菌丝膨胀扭曲分枝增多,出现典型的球状结构,与氰烯菌酯处理后的表型一致。在盆栽活体人工接种实验中,体外施用dsRNA可以明显抑制枯萎病外部症状的发展,推迟发病时间,赋予寄主抗性,结果说明体外施用dsRNA可以作为新型杀菌剂防治香蕉枯萎病。综上,myosin-1基因作为氰烯菌酯在Foc4中的靶标基因具有高度的序列保守,在调控菌丝生长发育,产孢以及致病力等方面发挥重要作用,而外施dsRNA具有防治香蕉枯萎菌的巨大潜力。     

人孕酮受体激素结合区基因表达产物的检测与制备

PuPR为含有编码人孕激素受体（hPR）激素结合区（LBD）基因（631-933氨基酸）的pUC19重建质拉,在其宿主Escherichiacoli（BL21）中,经1mmol/L的IPTG诱导,该转化的细菌产生一C端为6×His结尾的蛋白质,分子量45KD。该表达产物可利用Ni-NTAHRP在ng水平用Western印迹检测,并可通过亲和层析的方法,利用His－bindingresin（Ni树脂）从菌体的裂解液中方便地回收到该蛋白质。     

Hypertrophic gastropathy associated with gastric sarcoma in a dog

A 14-y-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was presented with an 8-mo history of chronic vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound and gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen, with cytologic features suggestive of sarcoma. A partial gastrectomy was performed; the gastric body and antrum were thickened, with a cerebriform appearance of the mucosal surface. Histologic examination revealed a submucosal neoplastic proliferation of fusiform cells variably arranged in irregular bundles and scattered whorls. Fusiform cells strongly reacted to antibodies against vimentin, S100, and neuron-specific enolase; glial fibrillary acidic protein was moderately and multifocally expressed. Pancytokeratin, KIT, α–smooth muscle actin, and desmin were nonreactive. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings suggested a diagnosis of gastric sarcoma with features referable to a non-GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor), non–smooth muscle NIMT (non-angiogenic, non-lymphogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumor). The overlying gastric mucosa was thickened by elongated and dilated gastric glands, predominantly lined by intensely periodic acid-Schiff–stained mucous cells. This altered mucosal architecture was suggestive of Ménétrier-like disease. Although this disease has been hypothesized to predispose to gastric adenocarcinoma in dogs, an association with gastric sarcoma has not been documented previously in the veterinary literature, to our knowledge.     

苹果柱型基因Co的一个AFLP 标记的SCAR转换

 将苹果柱型基因的一个AFLP 标记成功地转换成了简单实用的SCAR 标记。首先对AFLP 标记片段进行序列测定, 然后根据序列特点设计了两对特异引物CoA1/ CoA2 和CoA1/ CoA3 , 每条引物长20 bp。PCR 结果表明CoA1/ CoA2 可以扩增出216 bp 和148 bp 两条带, 其中216 bp 的为柱型性状的特征带; CoA1/CoA3 可以扩增出273 bp 和205 bp 的两条带, 其中273 bp 的为柱型性状的特征带。两对引物在杂交后代中扩增出的特征带与柱型性状的分离重组率都很低(CoA1/ CoA2 为6. 3 % ±2. 5 %; CoA1/ CoA3 为7. 3 % ±2. 6 %) , 所以它们都可以作为该SCAR 标记的特异引物所用。     

Natural hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its wild relatives Aegilops geniculata Roth and Aegilops triuncialis L.

BACKGROUND

Cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spontaneously hybridizes with wild/weedy related Aegilops populations, but little is known about the actual rates at which this hybridization occurs under field conditions. It is very important to provide reliable empirical data on this phenomenon in order to assess the potential crop–wild introgression, especially in the context of conducting risk assessments for the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) wheat, as gene flow from wheat to Aegilops species could transfer into the wild species genes coding for traits such as resistance to herbicides, insects, diseases or environmental stresses.

RESULTS

The spontaneous hybridization rates between wheat and A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, which are very abundant in the Mediterranean area, have been estimated for the first time in the northern part of the Meseta Central, the great central plateau which includes the largest area of wheat cultivation in Spain. Hybridization rates averaged 0.12% and 0.008% for A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, respectively. Hybrids were found in 26% of A. geniculata and 5% of A. triuncialis populations, at rates that can be ≤3.6% for A. geniculata and 0.24% for A. triuncialis.

CONCLUSION

The detection of Aegilops spp.–wheat hybrids in Aegilops populations indicates that gene flow can occur, although wheat is considered a crop with a low-to-medium risk for transgene escape. These data on field hybridization rates are essential for GM wheat risk assessment purposes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

非典型犬瘟热病毒核衣壳蛋白基因序列分析及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

为分析当地非典型犬瘟热病毒(CDV)核衣壳蛋白(N)基因的序列特征及其表达产物的抗原性,根据已发表CDV的N基因序列设计引物,用RT-PCR方法从引起非典型症状的CDV细胞培养物中扩增N基因,进行克隆和序列分析,结果表明:该非典型CDV的N基因与已发表的12个CDV强毒株的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性分别在96.6%～99.2%和97.9%～99.4%之间,与已发表的4个CDV疫苗弱毒株的同源性分别在93.2%～93.6%和96.4%～97.5%之间;在N基因系统发育进化树上,非典型CDV与12个强毒株处在同一亚群,而且与9个中国分离毒株的亲缘关系近于3个国外毒株。N基因在大肠杆菌中表达的重组N蛋白的分子量为62 ku,主要以包涵体的形式存在;用western blot分析,重组N蛋白可与CDV阳性血清发生特异性反应;以纯化的重组N蛋白为抗原建立的CDV抗体间接ELISA检测方法具有良好的特异性。     

IBV AH1-99分离株N基因的克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术成功扩增出IBV AH1-99分离株的N基因全长cNDA,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上。经酶切分析、PCR鉴定及核苷酸序列测定,成功获得该分离株N基因的重组质粒。序列分析结果表明,分离株N基因全长1 230个核苷酸,编码409个氨基酸。同部分IBV参考毒株相比,核苷酸同源性为85.8%~89.9%,氨基酸同源性为86.6%~91.0%,在进化关系树中,AH1-99与国内分离株X、LX4亲缘关系较近。