Epidemiological observations of pancreas disease of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Ireland

Epidemiological investigations into the pancreas disease (PD) of farmed salmon were conducted on populations of Atlantic salmon reared in Ireland during 2003 and 2004. The investigations surveyed all marine salmon farms operating in Ireland through a detailed questionnaire with follow-up farm visits. Information was gathered on 21 populations of fish in 2003 and 14 populations in 2004. Thirteen of the 21 populations suffered PD in 2003 and 12 of the 14 in 2004. The mean mortality due to PD on affected farms was 18.8% in 2003 and 14.8% in 2004 and the loss of growth due to PD was estimated at 11.4% over the 2-year period. The highest risk periods for outbreaks of PD were early summer and early autumn and the farms most seriously affected by PD mortality were in the western counties of Ireland. Factors which showed an indication of association with a PD outbreak or high mortality during a PD outbreak were: livestock movement to another sea site, high feeding rate prior to any PD outbreak, the presence of another PD positive farm in the same water body, greater than 250000 fish on a site, a previous history of PD on a site, a high sea lice burden, and sites located in the western regions of Ireland which reared a specific strain of salmon.     

Economics of foliar fungicides for hard red winter wheat in the USA southern Great Plains

Grain yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains are often reduced by the presence of foliar diseases. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of foliar fungicides is an economically optimal management strategy. The effects of fungicide treatment on commercially available hard red winter wheat varieties with differing levels of genetic resistance (i.e., resistant, intermediate, and susceptible) to foliar diseases were investigated at two locations, Apache and Lahoma, OK, USA, for the harvest years 2005–2012. Two fungicides were rotated between the two locations and applied at approximately Feekes growth stage 9–10.5. When averaged across years, plots to which fungicide was applied generated greater average net returns than plots that did not receive fungicide for susceptible varieties at Apache, and for resistant, intermediate, and susceptible varieties at Lahoma. However, foliar fungicide application was not economical in every year at either location suggesting fungicide use should be reassessed each year given that profitability depends on year specific yield potential, prices, and foliar disease conditions. At both locations high disease incidence occurred in all but one site-year when the average March through May relative humidity exceeded 65%. Additional research would be required to determine the relationship between weather, including relative humidity, and disease incidence, and to develop an economic threshold for treatment decision aid.     

猪圆环病毒病的特点

在最近几年中,养猪业遇到了越来越多的疾病,药物使用量显著增加,也使养殖场主、养殖户和兽医师感到非常的困惑。目前已经证实,猪圆环病毒病(Porcine Circovirus diaease,PCVD)在世界上广泛存在。可以引起断奶仔猪助多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎-肾病综合征(Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome,PDNS)和猪呼吸系统疾病症候群,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。同时这一疾病常常与其他病毒或细菌性疾病发生混合感染,给猪病的防控带来了极大的困难。本文就猪圆环病毒病的某些特点作一简要论述。     

水稻持久抗瘟性生化鉴定的研究

对２个持久抗瘟性和２个感病水稻品种苗期接种稻瘟菌，分析接种前后叶片内的生化指标，结果表明：接种后感病品种过氧化物酶活性持续增加，接种９６ｈ后酶活性急剧上升，而持抗品种过氧化物酶活性增幅较少．接种前后持抗和感病水稻品种叶片蛋白质含量变化均不明显，前者蛋白质含量显著高于后者．接种后０～６ｄ内持抗品种叶片可溶性糖含量均低于感病品种，而持抗品种游离氨基酸含量高于感病品种．初步认为：接种后叶片的过氧化物酶活性可作为鉴别水稻品种抗瘟性的依据     

鸽新城疫的诊断报告

2007年3月29日长春市一养鸽户饲养的肉鸽发生疫病,通过临床症状,病理剖检,实验室检查,确诊为鸽新城疫。     

宿主细胞磷酸激酶在新城疫病毒感染中的作用

为探讨磷酸化通路在新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）感染中的作用,使用多种蛋白磷酸激酶抑制剂和激活剂预处理细胞,比较处理后NDV在细胞上生长状况的差异。结果显示NDV在PKC蛋白激酶抑制剂处理的细胞上的生长受到抑制,这种抑制作用能够被PKC蛋白激酶激活剂中和,而PKA蛋白激酶抑制剂和p38MAPK蛋白激酶抑制剂对其影响不大。通过PKC蛋白激酶抑制剂的细胞毒性试验证实,这种抑制作用不是由于药物对细胞的毒性或者因药物加入而改变培养基pH值而造成的。病毒在staurosporine处理的细胞上的生长曲线试验显示,浓度在20~200 nmol/L能对病毒感染产生抑制作用,并且药物浓度越高,上清中病毒的滴度相对越低。本研究结果表明PKC磷酸化通路在新城疫病毒的感染过程中发挥了重要作用。     

Viral diseases of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

The ostrich is an important animal in many livestock industries. A significant threat to this industry is losses from diseases. Newcastle disease is a notifiable, highly contagious viral infection of ostriches. Avian influenza may be transmitted from waterfowl, shorebirds and gulls to ostriches. Borna disease virus is a viral neurotropic infection spread mainly by rodents and felines. Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease transmitted by Hyalomma ticks to humans. Avipoxvirus afflicts ostrich chicks and is transmitted by mosquitoes or by direct contact with a pox lesion. Maintenance of a healthy and profitable enterprise requires the implementation, with assistance from the local veterinary authority, of comprehensive, practical and effective methods of health management and preventative medicine.     

单羰基姜黄素类似物对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗作用研究

[目的]研究单羰基姜黄素类似物(代号B06)对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝糖脂代谢紊乱的影响。[方法]应用高糖高脂饲料喂养,小剂量STZ干扰建立Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型[1],并随机分模型组、A75治疗组、C66治疗组、正常对照组,各组均灌胃治疗12周;检测各组大鼠血生化指标[2]。[结果]单羰基姜黄素类似物能明显改善试验性Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的血糖升高,FINS明显低于模型组;肝脏TC、血清TG、TC有明显的降低作用,对血清HDL有明显的升高作用,有统计学意义;[结论]单羰基姜黄素类似物对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝有一定的治疗作用。