黄瓜病虫害绿色防控技术及示范成效

黄瓜病虫害种类多、危害大,传统用药方式严重影响产品质量和口感。为了保证直供上海的黄瓜达到无公害要求,对生产基地采取农业防治、生态控制、生物防治和物理防治相结合的绿色防控措施,化学农药使用量减少30%,综合防治效果在85%以上,有效减少了防治次数,降低了农产品的农药残留,667 m~2增产600 kg,增值600元左右。收到了较好的经济、生态及社会效益。     

Dysbiotic gut microbiome: A key element of Crohn's disease

Since the first publication on “regional ileitis”, the relevance of this chronic inflammatory disease condition termed finally as Crohn's disease is continuously increasing. Although we are beginning to comprehend certain aspects of its pathogenesis, many facets remain unexplored. Host's gut microbiota is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes including immune system development, and pathogen regulation. Further, the microbiome is thought to play a key role in Crohn's disease. The presence of Crohn's-associated variants of NOD2 and ATG16L genes appears to be associated not only with alterations of mucosal barrier functions, and bacterial killing, but the gut microbiota, as well, reflecting a potential relationship between the host's genotype and intestinal dysbiosis, involved in disease etiology. This review aims to characterize some exciting new aspect of Crohn's disease pathology, focusing mainly on the role of intestinal microbes, and their interplay with the immune system of the host.     

反向遗传技术在传染性法氏囊病病毒研究中的应用

传染性法氏囊病是鸡的最严重疾病之一,其病原是鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV),IBDV基因组为两片段双链RNA,变异株和超强毒株的出现,给传统的疫苗免疫带来了新的挑战,因此,加强对IBDV的基础研究是控制该病的关键.RNA的结构不稳定成为阻碍RNA病毒研究的主要障碍,近年来兴起的反向遗传技术将RNA病毒的基因组转化为cDNA,从而使RNA病毒的基因操作成为可能,也使RNA病毒的研究获得了快速的发展.文章就传染性法氏囊病病毒反向遗传操作研究的意义、方法、概况及相关分子生物学进行了全面综述.     

鸡新城疫、禽流感二联灭活疫苗与同类产品的免疫效力比较

将鸡新城疫、禽流感（H9亚型,SY株）二联灭活疫苗与市售同类对照苗分不同剂量皮下注射接种30日龄SPF鸡,免疫后定期采血,分离血清,通过检测血清中ND和AI的HI抗体水平比较各组鸡抗体产生期、抗体高峰及免疫持续期,并进行不同血凝抗原检测HI抗体结果的对比。试验鸡血清样品检测结果显示,免疫鸡抗体产生期为免后2周内,免后8周和5周ND和AI的HI抗体滴度分别达到峰值,抗体至少可持续28周以上,两种灭活苗之间免疫效果基本相当。     

Reduction of transport stress of ayu by obligated schooling

We investigated stress responses of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis under the hypothesis that overcrowding during transport can be a stressor and the stress predisposes fish to disease by decline in immunocompetence. The extent of stress response was determined under different fish densities. As inferred from the serum concentration of cortisol 1 day after the treatment, the density at more than 23 kg/m³, which was within the range of normal transporting procedures, acutely evoked intense stress responses. To examine a possible way to reduce the stress response of fish under crowding conditions, we compared two fish groups established in water tanks with circulating (whirling) and turbulent currents at the same density. The cortisol levels 1 day after the treatment were 2.5-fold higher in turbulent current than in whirling current. Fish in whirling current formed a school, while those in turbulent current aggregated with each other. Schooling of fish induced by water flow may reduce their stress responses during transport. A transport system with a directional water flow should keep fish in good condition without reducing the number of fish contained.     

荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体特征及影响因素分析

为探究北京地区荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体规律及影响因素,本研究收集了北京地区某规模化牧场2018年4月至2020年4月共838头荷斯坦奶牛的休息时间及对应的奶牛生产性能测定记录及环境温湿度数据,利用SAS 9.2软件的GLM过程分析了年份、季节、场区、胎次和泌乳月等因素对荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的影响,并分析了休息时间对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响。结果显示,荷斯坦奶牛平均休息时间为397.39 min/d,范围为87.74~707.03 min/d,变异系数为26%;休息时间随季节呈先降低后升高的趋势,夏季最低,冬季最高;随环境温湿度的升高而逐渐降低;产犊和发病对休息时间均有较大影响,产犊和发病当天奶牛休息时间均存在一个峰值,之后逐渐降低至正常水平;测定年份、季节、场区、胎次和泌乳月份对休息时间均有极显著影响（P<0.01）;荷斯坦奶牛产奶量随休息时间的升高而降低。本研究为利用自动化记录设备探究奶牛的行为规律及利用连续测定的休息时间数据提高牛群的精准管理水平提供了理论依据。     

河西走廊制种玉米生育中后期叶部真菌病害诊断与病原初步鉴定

对河西走廊制种玉米生育中后期叶部真菌病害进行田间调查,并将采集到的标本进行组织分离、病原鉴定和致病性测定。结果表明,引起制种玉米生育中后期叶部真菌病害的植物病原有13种,其中由Curvulairia lunata(Wakke)Boed病原引起的玉米弯孢菌叶斑病是玉米叶部的一种新病害,在田间发病率较高,病情指数较大,危害十分严重;由Exserohilum turcicum(Pass.)Leonard et Suggs和Bipolaris maydis(Nishik.et Miyabe)Shoemaker病原引起的大斑病和小斑病是玉米生育中后期叶部发生的主要真菌病害;Physoderma maydis Miyabe和Fusarium subglutinans(Wollenwe.et Reinking)P.E.Nelson et al病原引起的褐斑病和顶腐病有加重发生的趋势;Puccinia sorghi Schw引起的普通锈病在局部区域的一些品种和组合上发病较为严重;其他叶部病害零星发生,对制种玉米正常的生长发育影响较小,一般不会造成流行为害。     

The rate of Salmonella spp. infection in zoo animals at Seoul Grand Park, Korea

Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that affects both people and animals. The incidence of reptile-associated salmonellosis has increased in Western countries due to the increasing popularity of reptiles as pets. In Korea, where reptiles are not popular as pets, many zoos offer programs in which people have contact with animals, including reptiles. So, we determined the rate of Salmonella spp. infection in animals by taking anal swabs from 294 animals at Seoul Grand Park. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 14 of 46 reptiles (30.4%), 1 of 15 birds (6.7%) and 2 of 233 mammals (0.9%). These findings indicate that vigilance is required for determining the presence of zoonotic pathogen infections in zoo animals and contamination of animal facilities to prevent human infection with zoonotic diseases from zoo facilities and animal exhibitions. In addition, prevention of human infection requires proper education about personal hygiene.     

抗缩果病和抗裂果枣树新品种‘曙光 3 号’

 ‘曙光3号’是从河北省太行山区‘婆枣’资源中选育出来的抗枣缩果病、抗裂果的优良枣树新品种,果实圆形,平均单果质量19.3 g,鲜枣可溶性固形物含量23.1%,酸甜味浓。丰产稳产,抗缩果、抗裂果,适宜干制,适合河北太行山枣区栽培。在河北枣区10月上旬成熟。     

An Outbreak of Respiratory Disease Complex in Sheep in Central Ethiopia

An investigation was carried out into an outbreak of respiratory disease complex (RDC) in 3641 Menz and Awassi×Menz cross sheep in Central Ethiopia between 1998 and 1999 by clinical, serological, microbiological, post-mortem and histopathological examinations. The monthly incidence of RDC varied from 2.8% to 4.0% and the prevalence was as high as 17%. The case fatality rate was 18%, despite culling of sick sheep. Over 76% of the morbidity occurred in adults, followed by 19% among weaners. Similarly, 62% of the mortality was in adults. However, 27% of the mortality occurred in lambs despite the low morbidity in the group. Significant breed and age differences were seen in the morbidity and mortality rates (p<0.05). Clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions and serological and bacteriological examinations showed an interplay of several causes of the RDC, including pestes des petits ruminants (PPR) (72.3%, serologically confirmed), lung worms, maedi-visna, bacterial bronchopneumonia (staphylococcal and streptococcal), enzootic pneumonia and some fungal infections. Cold temperatures, which may be as low as –8.5°C at night, are major predisposing factors along with managemental stresses. Vaccination of animals with a homologous PPR vaccine appeared to decrease dramatically the occurrence of the disease, showing that PPR played an important role in the outbreak. Several of the pathogens do not appear to be individually capable of causing the respiratory disease. Appropriate strategies for the prevention of RDC are suggested.