广义方竹属叶挥发成份的系统意义

利用气相色谱和气质联用技术,分离、检定了竹叶中的挥发成份。通过对色谱谱图进行的比较和聚类分析,结果支持将筇竹属Qiongzhuea Hsueh et Yi与方竹属Chimonobambusa Makino合并成为广义方竹属Chimonobambusa s.l.Ohrnb.的观点,但在组的划分上存有异议。同时也证实了挥发成份在解决竹类分类系统问题上的应用价值,并指出了在对谱图进行直接分析时,保持实验条件一致的必要性。     

工夫红茶色泽与品质关系的研究

分析了七套工夫红茶色素物质、色泽指标等与品质的关系,借助费歇尔判别分析,建立了判别函数,并对工夫红茶等级色泽指标的量化及通过色泽鉴别品质的可行性问题进行了探讨。     

Phenotypic Yield Stability Depending on Plant Density and on Mean Yield per Plant of Winter Rapeseed Varieties and of Their F1 and F2-Generations

Among the common agricultural crops winter-rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) is considered to be especially susceptible to varying environmental conditions. The commonly used stability statistics, which measure these fluctuations, are based on the yields of genotypes in different environments. An improvement of stability analysis may be obtained by an additional estimation of stability using yield components rather than absolute yield values. Relationships between stability of seed yield (SY) and stabilities of plant densities (PD) and of single plant yield (SPY) were examined for four winter-rapeseed varieties, their six F₁'s and their six F₂'s. Environmental variance was applied to estimate phenotypic stabilities. Furthermore, generations were compared for their stability in SY, PD and SPY. Regarding all genotypes and generations the correlation coefficients did not show any relation between stability of SY and stabilities of PD and of SPY (r = -0.04 and r = -0.17). Comparing generations the F₂ showed a higher stability of SY than varieties and F₁, But no consistent results were obtained regarding PD and SPY. The pattern of the heterotic effects of stability of yield components PD and SPY were different from the respective pattern of SY. Eg although possessing desired heterotic effects in stability of PD and SPY some crosses showed undesired heterotic effects in stability of SY. Therefore, a theory of multiplicative heterosis of stability should be developed in analogy to the corresponding theory for yield.     

油菜花角期叶片对产量的影响

本试验通过去叶处理,研究了不同部位的叶片对油莱籽粒产量的影响,结果表明:在花角期叶片对籽粒产量的影响是随生育阶段的推进而不断减小的;主茎叶对角果数影响较大,分枝叶对每角粒重影响较大,并且主要是分别影响了分枝上的角果数和每角粒重;对主茎上籽粒产量的影响是主茎叶大于分枝叶,对分枝上籽粒产量的影响是分枝叶大于主茎叶,而对全株产量的影响仍是分枝叶大于主茎叶。     

回归系数的联合回归估计

In this paper, a new biased estimate, which is called the united regression estimate, is proposed for the regression coeffients. Under the given conditions, the proposed estimate, which is found to be superior to the least squares estimate, the principal     

Genotypic Variation in Maize Shoot Biomass at Different Stages of Development

A diallel cross from nine early-maturing lines of maize was grown in northern Germany during 1981 and 1982 in order to study the genotypic variation of shoot biomass at early and late stages of development. Inbred lines had been chosen from breeding programmes for early and medium early cultivars. Nevertheless, the date of maturity varied between them which can have some influence on the correlation between plant parameters. Plants were harvested at the fourth and sixth leaf stages, at anthesis and at maturity. S.c.a. effects were highly significant for traits during the vegetative stage. G.c.a. effects were highly significant for traits of the mature plant including grain yield components. The ratio of g.c.a. to s.c.a. effects for shoot biomass was dominated throughout the growing season by s.c.a. effects. Hybrids from the diallel cross had a superior growth rate until the fourth leaf stage; thereafter, relative growth rates of lines and hybrids were similar for the average of both groups until maturity. The correlation of g.c.a. effects and s.c.a. effects between shoot biomass throughout the season revealed that no significant relationship existed between early and late stages. G.c.a. and s.c.a. effects for grain yield components, with the exception of hundred kernel weight, were negatively correlated with shoot biomass at an early stage while correlation was positive at maturity. This would probably make it a difficult task to improve shoot growth and grain yield components simultaneously through the season.     

Effects of water stress applied at different growth stages to Brassica napus L. var. oleifera on yield, yield components and seed quality

In pot experiments under controlled conditions we investigated the effects of water stress on oilseed rape. Yield and yield components were mainly affected by water shortage occurring from flowering to the end of seed set. The greatest reduction (48%) was observed when only 37% of full water requirement was supplied to the plant during this stage. The number of seeds per plant was the main yield component affected. Some compensation occurred when the water supply was restored. The 1000-seed weight was only affected by a water stress from the stage when the pods were swollen until the seeds colored stage. The results demonstrated a marked reduction in oil concentration when water deficit occurred from anthesis to maturity. There was an inverse relationship between oil and protein concentration. The most marked effect observed in this experiment was on the glucosinolate concentration where increases of up to 60% were observed. These results may explain effects on seed quality of field grown oilseed rape.     

蔬菜活性成分的抗癌作用与合理膳食

蔬菜中的化学成分不仅具有营养价值,还有保健功能。许多蔬菜的防癌、抗癌作用越来越受到人们的重视。但是,很多有效成分会在烹调过程中发生化学变化而降低,甚至是丧失其功效。因此,要注意合理膳食,使之充分发挥作用。     

硫素形态对苗期菘蓝生长生理特性及次生代谢的影响

为探讨不同硫素形态对菘蓝生长、生理及次生代谢的影响,设置CK(无硫)、Na₂SO₄、Na₂SO₃、NaHSO₃、Na₂S和Na₂S₂O₃ 6个试验处理,通过盆栽试验研究不同硫素形态对菘蓝生长、光合生理、氮硫代谢、营养物质和靛蓝、靛玉红含量的影响。结果表明,Na₂SO₄处理最有利于菘蓝叶片鲜重和干重的积累,NaHSO₃处理次之,与CK相比其他处理组对其生长和生物量积累无显著促进作用。硫素处理后叶片的光合色素含量及光合效率均显著高于无硫处理,其中以NaHSO₃处理后净光合速率最高,Na₂S处理叶绿素含量最高。不同形态硫素处理对氮硫代谢的影响显著不同,其中以Na₂SO₃处理对氮代谢酶活性促进作用最显著,Na₂SO₄处理可显著提高硫代谢酶活性,而缺硫(CK)对氮硫代谢酶活性无显著的抑制作用。叶片中营养物质含量对不同硫素的响应存在差异,其中缺硫显著降低叶片中可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量以NaHSO₃处理下最高,而游离氨基酸含量以Na₂SO₄处理最高。不同于生理响应,次生代谢物质靛蓝和靛玉红含量以Na₂S处理最高。综合分析不同硫素形态对菘蓝叶采收品质的影响,以Na₂SO₄处理菘蓝后其生长状态处于最佳水平,且叶内活性成分也相对较高。可为菘蓝栽培选用适宜的硫素形态提供理论参考。     

单一和复合乳酸菌添加剂对扁穗牛鞭草青贮品质的影响

利用实验室前期筛出的3株耐高温乳酸菌作为添加剂,探究单一和复合乳酸菌添加剂对高温高湿地区扁穗牛鞭草青贮品质的影响,进一步筛选出最佳的乳酸菌添加配比。试验设8个处理,分别为:1)戊糖片球菌(PP04);2)食窦魏斯氏菌(WC10);3)植物乳杆菌(LP694);4)M-1(PP04∶WC10=2∶1);5)M-2(PP04∶LP694=1∶2);6)M-3(WC10∶LP694=2∶1);7)M-4(PP04∶WC10∶LP694=2∶1∶1);8)CK(对照,无乳酸菌添加)。青贮60 d后,测定其发酵品质、营养成分及微生物组成,结果表明:1)处理组的NH3-N/TN显著低于对照组(P<0.05);2)处理组的乳酸、干物质含量和干物质回收率都显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3)处理组的pH值都小于4.2,其中,M-4处理组的pH值最低,为3.86;4)M-4处理组的微生物菌群组成和感官品质优于其他处理,乳酸含量最高,NH3-N/TN最低。因此,在扁穗牛鞭草青贮中添加单一或者复合乳酸菌均有利于调制出优质的扁穗牛鞭草青贮饲料,3种乳酸菌复合添加的M-4处理组改善青贮饲料的青贮品质的效果最佳,在生产实践中具有推广利用的潜质。