Diallel analysis of sweetpotatoes for resistance to sweetpotato virus disease

Sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) is due to the dual infection and synergistic interaction of Sweetpotato feathery mottle potyvirus (SPFMV) and Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt crinivirus(SPCSV), and causes up to 98% yield loss in sweetpotato in East Africa. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance to SPVD in sweetpotato and to estimate the nature of genetic variance. Ten parental clones varying in reaction to SPVD were crossed in a half diallel mating design to generate 45 full-sib families. The families were graft-inoculated with SPCSV and SPFMV to induce SPVD and evaluated for resistance in a randomized complete block design at two sites in Namulonge, Uganda during 1998–2000. In serological assays for SPFMV and SPCSV,resistance to symptom development and recovery from initial systemic SPVD symptoms, characterised resistant genotypes. Genetic component analysis showed significant effects for both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for resistance to SPVD. GCA to SCA variance component ratios were large (0.51–0.87), hence GCA effects were more important than SCA effects. Resistant parents exhibited high GCA indicating that additive gene effects were predominant in the inheritance of resistance to SPVD and recovery. Narrow-sense heritability (31–41%) and broad-sense heritability (73–98%) were moderate to high, indicating that rapid genetic gains for SPVD resistance could be accomplished by mass selection breeding techniques. Two genotypes, New Kawogo and Sowola, had high negative GCA effects and had several families in specific crosses,which exhibited rapid recovery from SPVD,and are promising parents for enhancement of SPVD resistance and recovery. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

转Bt基因棉杂种优势及性状配合力研究

采用NCⅡ设计方法,选用我国构建的Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis)基因棉GK3和美国构建的Bt基因棉新棉33B等Bt基因棉为父本,配制杂交组合,分析了含Bt基因杂交棉组合的性状优势表现及配合力效应。性状优势分析表明,组合的中亲优势和竞争优势明显,皮棉产量中亲优势率达100％,竞争优势率达86．7％,多数品质性状较对照为优,表明转Bt基因棉品系与常规品种间杂种优势利用潜力较大;通径分析表明,在增产因素中,铃重和铃数所起贡献较大;配合力分析表明,父本间和母本间的GCA均方值均达显著或极显著水平,组合的SCA均方值除子、皮棉声量性状外,其余均不显著,在F1性状的遗传中,各性状的加性效应起主导作用;F1的性状表型值与父、母本的GCA呈高度正相关,并达显著水平,表明选配含Bt基因杂交组合时,选择GCA值大的亲本较为可靠。     

小麦细胞膜热稳定性的配合力与杂种优势分析

细胞膜热稳定性是较好地反映小麦品种耐热性大小的重要生理指标.本文利用冬、春小麦各6个亲本分别组配的6×6完全双列杂交(包括反交),对该性状(以相对热损伤率RI%表示)进行了配合力和杂种优势分析.结果表明:(1)该性状的一般配合力效应(GCA)、特殊配合力效应(SCA)和反交效应(R)均达极显著水平.上述三因素相对作用大小冬、春小麦分别为3.9:1:1.6和2.1:1:0.5,说明该性状的遗传虽以加性基因效应占一定优势,非加性基因效应和反交效应也起重要的作用.(2)该性状受质核互作和(或)细胞质的明显影响.(3)一些杂种F_1的细胞膜热稳定性具有明显的杂种优势,并存在超亲遗传现象.这将对小麦的耐热性遗传改良和杂种优势利用提供理论指导和依据.     

Differentiation in competitive ability and cold tolerance between diploid and tetraploid cultivars in Lolium perenne

In a diploid grass, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), many autotetraploid cultivars have been released and widely used in many cool temperate countries. In this study, competitive ability and cold tolerance, which seem to be important factors in determining geographical distribution and persistency of this species, were compared between six diploid and five autotetraploid cultivars. The tetraploid cultivars had significantly higher competitive ability and lower cold tolerance than the diploid cultivars. Furthermore, there was no overlap in the two traits between them. These results suggest that chromosome doubling has a larger effect on competitive ability and cold tolerance than does the genetic difference between the populations within a single ploidy level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

利用RIL群体对水稻再生力及相关农艺性状的QTL分析

以粳糯稻品种糯89-1与籼型重穗型杂交稻骨干恢复系蜀恢527杂交构建的籼粳交F₇代RIL群体的169个家系为作图群体,构建了一张含105个微卫星(SSR)标记的分子连锁图谱。定位了水稻正季7个农艺性状的QTL 15个,分布在第1、第2、第3、第5、第6、第7、第10染色体上,LOD值介于2.10~7.51,贡献率3.77%~25.37%,其中贡献率10.0%以上的QTL 7个,单个性状的QTL 1~4个;定位了水稻再生季7个农艺性状的QTL 19个,分布在第1、第2、第3、第4、第5、第6、第7、第10染色体上,LOD值介于2.17~18.34,贡献率3.23%~37.66%,其中贡献率10.0%以上的QTL 7个,单个性状的QTL1~5个;定位了影响水稻再生力(最终再生率)的QTL 2个(qRa4,qRa5),分别在第4和第5染色体上,贡献率分别为8.17%和7.09%,加性效应分别为0.32和-0.39,贡献率和加性效应均较小,属微效基因。共检测到两季农艺性状QTL 36个,同一性状被重复检测的QTL 8个。水稻再生力与正季稻有效穗呈极显著负相关;水稻再生力与再生稻有效穗呈极显著正相关,与每穗总粒数和着粒密度呈显著负相关。QTL定位结果揭示了有效穗是影响再生力的主要因素。     

粮食工程专业应用型本科人才培养方案设计研究

应用型本科教育肩负培养高级技术应用型人才的使命,其人才培养方案应当有别于普通本科和高职高专,形成自己的特色。对粮食工程专业应用型本科人才的培养目标、能力结构要求进行了归纳,结合自身实际探讨了应用型本科人才培养方案设计的原则和框架。     

水稻抗性淀粉含量性状的配合力分析

抗性淀粉对人体具有多种重要的生理功能,为了获得具有高抗性淀粉含量的水稻杂交后代,选用6个抗性淀粉含量具有显著差异的水稻品种按Griffing双列杂交设计配置成杂交组合,及正反交F1为材料研究了水稻籽粒抗性淀粉含量性状的遗传规律。结果表明,水稻抗性淀粉含量在参试组合中加性效应起主要的作用,同时受非加性效应以及细胞质效应的影响。一般配合力(GCA)效应在各亲本间存在明显差异,‘降糖稻1号’和‘丙9331’亲本均表现很高的正向一般配合力(GCA)效应值,其一般配合力效应值分别为0.303和0.101。其他品种均表现负向一般配合力(GCA)效应值。亲本本身的抗性淀粉含量与一般配合力的表现趋势一致,与相应的特殊配合力(SCA)有明显的相关性,与杂种一代表现有显著的相关性,表明利用亲本表型值对于预测组合的杂种优势具有一定的意义。     

高粱新选不育系主要农艺经济性状的配合力分析

为了科学、准确地评价高粱新选不育系,为选育高产优质新品种提供亲本材料,选用3个高粱新选不育系、7个恢复系,按不完全双列杂交法组配21个杂交组合,对株高、穗长、千粒重等6个性状,采用DPS数据处理系统进行配合力及遗传效应的分析。结果表明,3个不育系中10349A2在穗长、穗粒重、千粒重、小区产量的一般配合力最高,相对效应值分别为2.993、6.381、2.986和4.658,不育系10349A2在株高和生育期的一般配合力最高,相对效应值为0.932和3.420。10337A2×辽0145(父)和10349A2×0-30红粒变是2个表现优良的杂交组合。加性方差与基因型方差的比值依次是穗粒重>株高>产量>千粒重>生育期>穗长。     

小麦磷效率相关性状配合力与环境互作分析

为了研究小麦磷效率相关性状的配合力与环境互作,随机选用8个亲本,组配成28个双列杂 交组合在两种环境条件下进行试验。结果表明,所有4个性状的一般配合力与环境互作和特殊配合 力与环境互作均达极显著水平;子粒全磷含量以环境效应的作用最大,非加性效应与环境互作次之; 叶片和茎秆磷含量以及磷素利用效率以非加性效应与环境互作为主,非加性效应次之;除子粒全磷 含量外,其它3个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力稳定性都较低,在50％以下。最后讨论了配合力的 测度和不同器官磷含量与磷素利用效率的关系。     

转基因抗虫棉与陆地棉种质间的杂种优势和配合力分析

采用NCⅡ交配设计,对5份转基因抗虫棉、6份柱头外露种质资源和彩色棉等陆地棉优异亲本组配杂交,分析杂种F1的11个性状的杂种优势和配合力.结果表明,主要产量性状皮棉产量,超高优势的平均值为6.18%,16个组合具正向的杂种优势;中亲优势的平均值为37.41%,24个组合均具有正向的中亲优势;竞争优势的平均值为-15.19%,8个组合出现正向竞争优势.其它产量性状铃重、单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显.纤维品质性状、2.5%跨长、比强度和伸长率的竞争优势明显.高亲值、中亲值和低亲值与F1平均值的相关关系表明,多数性状F1代平均值与中亲值和低亲值相关性密切.经配合力分析,双价321、新棉33 B、HK-1、96-67、惠无3055和01 HN 06表现较显著的GCA效应;SCA效应显著的7个性状中,A 1×B 6、A 2×B 5、A 2×B 3等组合有7个性状的SCA效应为正值.