不同栽培方式对马尔康地区暗紫贝母生长影响

为给马尔康地区暗紫贝母的栽培提供依据,笔者研究了除草、施肥和整地、种植密度以及覆盖土厚度对暗紫贝母生长高度和存活率的影响。结果表明：覆盖土的厚度对暗紫贝母的生长和存活率无显著影响,而整地和种植密度对其影响显著,除草和施肥在一定的时间段影响暗紫贝母生长和存活率。综合来看,贝母的栽培需要较低的种植密度（60000株/hm2）,在播种后第1个月,不适宜施肥和除草;第2个月适当的施肥有利于贝母的生长;到第3个月,除草和施肥对其生长无显著影响。     

花魔芋与湖北贝母一年两熟轮作栽培新模式研究

为探索花魔芋和湖北贝母的周年轮作栽培新模式,以花魔芋、湖北贝母为材料,考察其生育期、产量、病虫害、经济效益及栽培生理,探索新的轮作高效栽培模式。结果表明：花魔芋和湖北贝母轮作,生长期衔接良好,净作产量和效益分别为12377.85 kg/hm²和6189.25元/hm²,轮作中魔芋产量12489.00 kg/hm²、贝母产量8889.00 kg/hm²,总效益151335.00元/hm²。与对照相比,病害无显著差异,魔芋增产0.89%,虫害升高1.92%,综合效益高107.66%。同时,首次报道花魔芋根状茎的栽培生理问题,发现了其生育期与种芋安全贮藏的重要关系,提出生育期达184天以上方能基本保障根状茎的生理成熟。由此得出,花魔芋—湖北贝母一年两熟轮作栽培新模式可解决山区可耕作土地少、中药材野生种质资源湖北贝母过度开采等突出问题,实现生物多样性保护和经济效益的双赢。     

浙贝母低温解除休眠过程中营养类物质的变化

为了探讨浙贝母低温解除休眠的生理机制,设置不同的低温(5℃)处理时间,测定浙贝母鳞茎的生理生化指标。结果显示:经低温处理的鳞茎可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和淀粉酶活性呈显著变化,且显著高于对照组。随着低温的积累,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量和淀粉酶活性都呈一定的上升趋势。低温处理30~45 d是鳞茎内物质变化最活跃的时期。     

山梨叶片再生体系的研究

以无菌条件下培养的山梨组培苗叶片为外植体建立叶片再生体系.结果表明:取继代培养约30 d的无菌苗叶片为材料,接种在MS BA 5.0 mg/L NAA 0.4 mg/L培养基上,20～30 d后产生不定芽,再生频率48.6%,再生芽数3.83;暗培养20 d叶片再生频率最高;远轴面接触培养基的叶片再生频率和再生芽数高于近轴面接触培养基的叶片;叶片基部的再生频率68.1%,显著高于叶片中部和尖部.     

Genotypic difference for the susceptibility of Japanese, Chinese and European pears to Venturia nashicola, the cause of scab on Asian pears

Venturia nashicola, the cause of scab on Asian pears, is distinct from Venturia pirina, a causal fungus of European pear scab. Although scab caused by V. nashicola is one of the most serious diseases in the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai var. culta Nakai), information available regarding resistant breeding against V. nashicola is limited. In this study, 12 genotypes of Japanese pear, seven genotypes of Chinese pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.) and four genotypes of European pear (Pyrus communis L. var. sativa DC.) and/or their offspring were evaluated for susceptibility to V. nashicola with leaf and fruit inoculation tests. At 30–40 days after full bloom in their developmental stage, unfolded young leaves and fruit were inoculated with conidial suspensions of V. nashicola for each genotype, and the responses were rated at 30 days postinoculation for the inoculated leaves and at 42 days postinoculation for the inoculated fruits. No visible symptoms were found in European pear ‘Bartlett’ and ‘La France’ and their respective offspring ‘290‐36’ and ‘282‐12’, in the Japanese pear ‘Kinchaku’ and in the Chinese pears ‘Cangxili’ and ‘Hongli’; these genotypes were evaluated as highly resistant to V. nashicola. Necrotic lesions without sporulation were observed in the Chinese pears ‘Qiubaili’, ‘Manyuanxiang’, ‘Yuanbali’ and ‘Xiangyali’, which were regarded as resistant. Sporulating lesions were formed on the other genotypes, such as the major Japanese pear cultivars ‘Kosui’ and ‘Nijisseiki’, which were regarded as susceptible. The response of inoculated leaves coincided well with that of inoculated fruit for each genotype. When the severity of scab symptoms on scab‐susceptible genotypes was further rated with disease severity (DS) values, a genotypic difference was observed for overall DS values in a successive 2‐year measurement among the susceptible genotypes. Based on the DS values of leaf and fruit scabs, the Japanese pears ‘Niitaka’, ‘Shinko’, ‘Nijisseiki’, ‘Gold Nijisseiki’, ‘Osa Nijisseiki’ and ‘Shinsui’ were considered to be less susceptible to V. nashicola than the typical susceptible cultivar ‘Kosui’.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定浙贝母中6种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (UPLC-MS/MS) 同时测定浙贝母鲜样和干样中吡虫啉、啶菌齅唑、氟唑菌酰胺、嘧菌环胺、吡唑醚菌酯和阿维菌素共6种农药残留量的方法。样品用V(乙腈) : V(水) = 4 : 1混合溶液提取,经C₁₈ 50 mg + PSA 50 mg + MgSO₄ 150 mg净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS电喷雾离子化正离子扫描和多反应监测模式 (MRM) 测定,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明:在0.001~0.2 mg/L 范围内,6种农药的质量浓度与相应的峰面积间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.994。6种农药在浙贝母鲜样中的定量限 (LOQ) 为0.01 mg/kg,检出限 (LOD) 为2×10–5~3×10–4 mg/kg,在干样中的LOQ 为0.05 mg/kg,LOD 为1×10–4~1×10–3 mg/kg。在0.01、0.5 和 2 mg/kg 添加水平下,6种农药在浙贝母鲜样中的平均回收率均在80%~109%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 在0.95%~13%之间 (n = 5);在0.05、0.5 和 2 mg/kg 添加水平下,6种农药在浙贝母干样中的平均回收率均在77%~101%之间,RSD在0.89%~7.5%之间 (n = 5)。经实际样品检测验证,该方法快速、简便、可靠、高效,适用于同时检测浙贝母中吡虫啉、啶菌齅唑、氟唑菌酰胺、嘧菌环胺、吡唑醚菌酯和阿维菌素等农药的残留。     

甘肃贝母种子吸水及发芽特性研究

对经后熟处理的甘肃贝母种子吸水规律进行测定,并设置不同温度(10,15,20,25,10/20℃变温)进行发芽试验,旨在为其人工驯化栽培提供依据。结果表明,甘肃贝母种子千粒重为0.72～0.82g。经20℃保湿储藏45d基本完成形态后熟,沙子与种子(4∶1)混合5～10℃层积150d基本完成生理后熟,种子吸水过程符合Logistic曲线,分急剧吸水期、稳定吸水期和饱和吸水期3个阶段。温度对经后熟处理的甘肃贝母种子发芽质量具有显著影响。黑暗下10～15℃内,随温度升高发芽质量显著改善,15℃发芽最佳,发芽率和发芽势分别达90.67%和89.33%。当温度超过15℃,发芽质量又显著降低,高温还抑制芽的伸长。以上结果说明经后熟处理后,温度是决定甘肃贝母种子发芽质量的关键因素。建议生产中当土温达15℃是甘肃贝母种子最佳播期,育苗期应保湿遮阳。     

Puqienine E: An angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory steroidal alkaloid from Fritillaria puqiensis

Eight steroidal alkaloids, puqienine A, puqienine B, puqienine C, puqienine D, puqienine E, puqietinone, puqiedine and peimisine were isolated from Fritillaria puqiensis G. D. Yu et. G. Y. Chen, and their anti-hypertensive effect were assessed in vitro based on the inhibition of the purified angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) using high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The results showed that puqienine E, puqienine B and puqienine A exhibited better inhibitory activity against ACE than others, with inhibition ratios of 70.2 ± 0.5%, 24.7 ± 0.5% and 20.4 ± 2.8%, respectively at the concentration of 200 μM. The 50% inhibiting concentration of puqienine E was determined to be 68 µM.     

组培平贝母形态转变过程中同工酶变化的研究

以平贝母为供试材料,研究了组培平贝母培养过程中培养体不同发育时期同工酶的变化。结果表明:在发育过程中各培养体的酯酶同工酶的酶带较丰富,共检测出11条酶带,且形成小鳞茎后酶谱的酶带数都明显多于愈伤组织和胚状体时期,且愈伤组织在Rf=0.708处产生了特异性酶带。过氧化氢酶在愈伤组织、胚状体和刚形成小鳞茎时都有表达,且酶谱仅有1条带,Rf=0.042,而在鳞茎膨大时没有该酶的表达。     

伊贝母根系分泌物对其幼苗生长的自毒作用

采用生物测定的方法,研究了伊贝母(Fritilla riapallidiflora Schvek)根系分泌物成分中的1,3,5-三烯丙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)三酮、酚酸和二者的混合液对伊贝母幼苗的影响。结果表明,伊贝母根系分泌物成分对伊贝母幼苗体内的保护酶SOD起到抑制作用,但对POD、CAT的活性既有抑制作用亦有促进作用。对幼苗体内MDA及叶绿素含量有促进作用。