47份鲜食玉米对丝黑穗病和瘤黑粉病的抗性鉴定与评价

2018年通过田间人工接种对47份鲜食玉米杂交种进行了由丝孢堆黑粉菌(Sporisorium reilianum)引起的玉米丝黑穗病和玉蜀黍黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis)引起的玉米瘤黑粉病的抗性鉴定和评价。对丝黑穗病的鉴定结果表明,47份鲜食玉米杂交种中无高抗材料;4份材料表现抗病,分别是三禾甜加糯6号、金辉588、金辉895和黑甜糯520,占8.5%;1份材料盛彩甜3号表现中抗,占2.1%;14份材料表现感病,占29.8%;28份材料表现高感,占59.6%。对瘤黑粉病的鉴定结果表明,47份鲜食玉米杂交种中27份材料表现高抗,占57.4%;6份材料表现抗病,占12.8%;6份材料表现中抗,占12.8%;5份材料表现感病,占10.6%;3份材料表现高感,占6.4%。鲜食玉米新品种中抗丝黑穗病品种比较匮乏,抗瘤黑粉病品种比较丰富,但兼抗两种病害的品种严重缺乏。     

肥料运筹对山药膨大及产量的影响

在山药栽培中，施肥直接影响到块茎的膨大及产量的形成。在施足基肥的前提下，块茎生长初期和盛期施肥量分别占总追肥的６０％和４０％，结合生长后期的根外追肥，可确保其地上部有足够的光合面积，为地下块茎的迅速膨大及膨大盛期的延长提供丰富的光合产物，从而夺得高产稳产。     

Genetic variation and cultivar identification of Jamaican yam germplasm by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis

Summary We have used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to characterize eleven cultivars of the five economically most important yam species grown in Jamaica (Dioscorea alata, D. cayenensis, D. rotundata, D. trifida and D. esculenta). Amplification of genomic DNA samples with nine different arbitrary 10mer primers revealed a total of 338 different band positions, ranging in size from 0.3 to 2.5 kb. RAPD patterns proved to be highly reproducible and somatically stable. While no variation was observed among plants belonging to the same cultivar, a large number of intervarietal and interspecific polymorphisms enabled us to reliably discriminate between all Jamaican cultivars investigated.     

Seed set and seedling variation in greater yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

Summary A high degree of fruit and seed set was obtained in Dioscorea alata L. by hand pollination. The sexual progeny was studied in comparison with the clonal plants. In general, the seedlings were poor in growth vigour, flowering and tuber production but the variations observed in the different characters were unprecedented, indicating scope for efficacious genetic improvement in this vegetatively propagated crop.     

果蔬通风预冷技术研究进展

预冷是现代果蔬流通体系的重要内容，也是冷链流通的首要环节。它可以迅速排除果蔬采后的田间热，降低呼吸作用，延缓其成熟衰老的速度，提高贮藏寿命。通风预冷因其适应性广、投资和运转费用少，易于在生产上推广应用，是较为实用、有效的预冷方法。介绍了预冷保鲜的作用和方法，综述了通风预冷技术的研究与发展状况，提出了发展预冷环节需要考虑和解决的问题。     

Ploidy analysis in water yam, Dioscorea alata L. germplasm

Poor reproductive development in yams (Dioscorea spp.) has often been attributed to the polyploid nature of the crop. In this study, flow cytometry was used to determine the ploidy level of 53 accessions of Dioscorea alata, mostly from West African countries, Chad and Puerto Rico. Nuclei were isolated from young leaf material and stained with DAPI(4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). The nuclear genome size (2C) was measured as an indicator of the ploidy level. Dioscorea rotundata genotypes with known ploidy levels were used as standards. The results showed that the majority of plants were hexaploid (84.9%) with a smaller percentage of tetraploids (15.1%). A higher number of male plants were hexaploid than tetraploids. This is at variance with earlier findings, which reported that hexaploid male plants are rare. Higher ploidy levels were not directly related to sparse or erratic flowering as previously reported as profuse flowering occurred in some male hexaploid accessions. These findings have important implications for yam breeding in relation to yam genetic resources. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

委陵菜提取液的抑菌作用

研究了委陵菜提取液对4种细菌的抑制作用.结果表明:委陵菜提取液能有效地抑制细菌的生长,对供试菌的最低抑菌浓度金黄色葡萄球菌为6%,大肠杆菌为10%,枯草芽孢杆菌为8%,变形杆菌为12%.委陵菜提取液经121℃湿热条件处理20min仍具有一定的抑菌效应,说明委陵菜提取液具有较强的热稳定性.而且委陵菜提取液对葡萄有一定的保鲜作用.     

新鲜和盐渍F21金针菇的主要成分测定

[目的]研究新鲜和盐渍F21金针菇主要成分的含量。[方法]选取F21金针菇的新鲜和盐渍品,用凯氏定氮法、索氏脂肪提取法等方法对其蛋白质、脂肪、多糖和磷元素进行了测定。[结果]F21金针菇新鲜干品和盐渍品的蛋白质的含量分别为21.63%、15.04%,脂肪含量分别为4.70%、7.94%,多糖含量分别为33.70%、45.28%,总磷含量分别为0.2837%、0.1591%。F21金针菇新鲜干品的蛋白质和磷元素含量均高于其盐渍品,分别高出30.46%、43.91%,而脂肪和多糖的含量则低于其盐渍品,分别减少68.93%、34.36%。[结论]盐渍金针菇是金针菇生产加工的有效途径。     

播期对鲜食花生经济效益的影响

选用早熟花生品种远杂9102进行鲜食花生的播期试验,结果表明,不同时期播种,花生的产量和经济效益不同。