木棉雄蕊特征与其繁殖策略的关系分析

采用野外观察和实验室检测方法,对云南省个旧市冷墩村的木棉花部结构、雄蕊特征、花粉活性进行研究。结果表明,自然种群中花部形态特征具有一定变异性,3层雄蕊变异系数大小关系显著。在湿度为60%、温度为35℃时花粉活性最强。研究发现,木棉雄蕊长短变化可能有利于不同传粉生物传粉效率提高和增强适应性;木棉高层雄蕊花药个体大、花粉数量多、活性高,适应干热河谷传粉繁殖条件;温度较低时,底层花药花粉活力相对较高,可为逆境环境下木棉高层花药受损后提供后备花粉源。文章就木棉花部形态与繁殖关系、木棉形态及花粉活力对繁殖的影响进行讨论。     

High night-time temperature during flowering and pod filling affects flower opening,yield and seed fatty acid composition in canola

Winter canola (Brassica napus L.) is highly sensitive to increasing temperatures during the reproductive and pod-filling stages. Although the impact of high day-time temperature stress on yield and quality has been documented in canola, similar information under high night-time temperature (HNT) stress is not available. Using six hybrids and four open-pollinated cultivars, we observed a marked shift in peak flowering towards earlier, cooler hours of the morning under HNT. Averaged across two independent experiments, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was significantly decreased (3%), with a significant increase in thylakoid membrane damage (13%) in the leaves of susceptible cultivars under HNT stress. Similarly, the susceptible cultivars also recorded significant reduction in biomass (34%), pod number (22%), pod weight (37%) and total seed weight (40%) per plant while the same set of agronomic traits were not affected among the tolerant cultivars. Quantitative impact of heat stress was confirmed with increased sensitivity to HNT exposure from gametogenesis until maturity resulting in a significantly higher yield loss compared to stress exposure from post-flowering till maturity. HNT significantly decreased oil concentration, but increased protein concentration and saturated fatty acid levels in seeds of the susceptible cultivars. However, HNT had no impact on the unsaturated fatty acids in both hybrids and the open-pollinated cultivars. Breeding targets based on fatty acid composition for enhancing canola seed quality may not be easily amenable due to the inconsistency documented with the compositional changes under heat stress. In summary, our findings conclude that canola hybrids are better suited to regions experiencing heat stress, compared to open-pollinated cultivars, indicating the possibility of a complete shift to hybrid canola cultivation under predicted hotter climates in the future.     

甜瓜T912雌花形成时雄蕊原基退化的形态学观察

甜瓜T912品种是雌雄异花同株,与正常品种的雄全同株不同,这在育种工作中省去了人工去雄的麻烦,大大提高了杂交的成功率和种子纯度。本文通过对T912品种雌花形成时雄蕊原基退化的形态学观察,并与正常的完全花品种1 4进行比较,认为雌花是完全花发育过程中雄蕊退化的结果,退化的雄蕊原基中无花药组织的分化。另外,用计数法对T912与1 4两个品种进行了统计,结果发现T912雄蕊原基以5数居多,与正常的1 4雄蕊以3数为主有所区别。     

夏萝卜中有机磷农药残留消解动态及影响因素

利用酶抑制快速检测法对有机磷农药在夏萝卜中的消解动态变化进行了研究 ,结果表明 :敌敌畏、辛硫磷降解较快 ,敌百虫最慢 ,每种农药都有随浓度的增大残留量增加的趋势 ;从农药的残留量的影响因素来看 ,农药的残留量与植株叶绿素含量呈正相关 ,与植株鲜重呈负相关。     

月季切花衰老与含水量、膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的关系

研究月季品种萨蔓莎切花衰老过程中含水量、鲜重、保护酶活性的变化情况和膜脂过氧化水平．结果表明：花瓣含水量、鲜重和可溶性蛋白的质量分数在瓶插前期先升高, ４ ｄ 后迅速下降;瓶插过程中,细胞膜相对透性增加,过氧化物酶活性迅速上升,过氧化氢酶和超氧物歧化酶活性前２ 天上升后接着迅速下降．失水和膜脂过氧化水平的增加是月季切花衰老的主要生理原因     

稀土对紫云英效应的初步研究

本文通过田间小区试验,初步研究了稀土“农乐”和寻邬稀土微肥(均为混合轻稀土硝酸盐)对豆科绿肥紫云英的效应.试验结果表明:用0.03%的稀土“农乐”溶液和寻邬稀土微肥溶液浸种或苗期喷施,对紫云英鲜草均有显著增产效果:增产幅度14.34%～23.18%;对籽粒产量效应因处理不同而异.稀土“农乐”溶液浸种和寻邬稀土微肥苗期喷施,其籽粒产量极显著高于对照,增产率分别为66.14%和75.74%,其余施用稀土的处理与对照无显著差异.在供试浓度下,稀土对刺激紫云英种子萌发,增加成苗数,促进植株生长和干物质累积,增加千粒重有明显的效果,并能促进植株对氮、磷的吸收.     

杭白菊成花期内源激素及相关基因的动态变化

以'早小洋菊'和'晚小洋菊'为试材,测定2个品种的在成花期的5种内源激素的含量及其相关基因的表达量,对花芽分化和花器官发育期间茎尖、茎段和叶片3个部位中内源激素的变化、运输和作用进行研究.结果显示:在花芽分化期,茎尖GA和ABA含量增加显著,IAA维持高浓度状态;随着花器官的发育,IAA含量最早出现下降,ABA和GA则下降较晚.不同器官内GA含量的差异性与CmGA20ox基因表达量上调的一致性的特殊现象,揭示GA部分在叶片中合成后向茎尖富集的运输现象;所有部位IAA含量增加,但后期仅茎尖YUC基因合成上调,可猜测IAA表现为茎尖富集一段时间后向下运输,NVCED表达变化显示ABA也可能存在茎尖富集的现象,但仍需进一步研究.可见适宜浓度的GA、ABA和IAA有利于菊花的花芽分化和花器官发育,高浓度ABA可使胞间连丝闭合阻碍IAA的输出和GA输入,这可能是延迟'晚小洋菊'开花的最主要因素.     

成品保鲜剂组合对芍药切花的保鲜效果

选取进口芍药‘莎拉’为试材,选择成品保鲜剂可利鲜的预处液、预处液与瓶插液组合对芍药切花进行处理,通过调查瓶插期间切花芍药的瓶插寿命、花朵直径和花朵开发进程等指标,研究成品保鲜剂预处液、预处液与瓶插液组合对切花芍药瓶插保鲜效果的影响。结果表明预处液和预处液与瓶插液组合处理均延长了芍药花期。但预处液与瓶插液组合处理的效果最好,瓶插期比对照CK增加1天,最大花径值与对照CK的差异也达到了显著水平。本研究可为花店或切花生产供应商延长芍药切花瓶插寿命提供参考。     

超临界萃取万寿菊黄色素工艺参数的优化

以万寿菊中的黄色素为研究对象,对影响超临界CO2流体萃取万寿菊黄色素的萃取温度、萃取压力和萃取时间分别进行了单因素研究。通过响应面最终确定最佳萃取条件为:萃取温度为60℃,萃取压力为48.6MPa,萃取时间为180min。在此条件下,万寿菊黄色素的最高得率为8.44mg/g,验证试验值为8.41mg/g,与预测值相对误差为0.36%。因此响应面法可以优化超临界萃取万寿菊黄色素工艺条件。