落叶松林型对其针叶内几种防御蛋白活力和次生代谢物含量的影响

[目的]为明确落叶松林型对其化学防御能力的影响。[方法]本实验以长白落叶松纯林及长白落叶松-水曲柳4∶4、2∶10带状混交林为研究对象,分析不同林型下落叶松针叶内几种防御蛋白活力及次生代谢化合物含量的变化。[结果]表明:30年生(HJ30(4∶4))和20年生(HJ20(4∶4))落叶松与水曲柳4∶4带状混交林中,落叶松针叶内几种防御蛋白活力和次生代谢物含量均显著高于纯林(P0.05);在HJ20(4∶4)中,落叶松针叶中PPO、PAL、TI活力及黄酮和木质素含量最高,且PPO、PAL活性和木质素含量显著高于20年生(HJ20(2∶10))落叶松与水曲柳2∶10带状混交林(P0.05);在HJ20(2∶10)中,落叶松针叶内CI活性显著高于HJ20(4∶4)(P0.05),单宁含量也高于HJ20(4∶4),但差异不显著(P0.05)。[结论]试验发现,长白落叶松-水曲柳带状混交林成林显著增强落叶松针叶内防御蛋白活力、增加次生代谢物的含量,从而提高了长白落叶松自身抗虫性;且HJ20(4∶4)对落叶松的诱导防御能力强于HJ20(2∶10),HJ20(4∶4)混交方式比HJ20(2∶10)更适用于混交林营造。     

2种青龙衣化学成分及药理作用研究进展

通过对南北2种青龙衣化学成分及抗菌、抗肿瘤、镇痛等药理作用的研究进展综述,发掘其巨大的潜在药用价值,为胡桃属植物资源综合开发利用提供广阔的前景。     

水曲柳TCP4转录因子克隆及胁迫和激素下的表达分析

TCP转录因子家族是植物特异的一类调控生长发育和逆境胁迫的重要转录因子。本文揭示了水曲柳FmTCP4在非生物胁迫及激素信号诱导调控的表达特征,为该基因在水曲柳中调控生长发育以及逆境胁迫响应功能的研究奠定基础。通过前期研究克隆获得了水曲柳TCP4基因序列,并命名为FmTCP4,应用生物信息学软件对水曲柳FmTCP4基因的分子结构特征进行了分析,利用4 ℃低温、盐(NaCl)以及干旱(PEG6000)进行非生物胁迫处理,利用脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA₃)进行激素信号诱导,分析FmTCP4基因的表达特征。生物信息学分析表明该基因全长1 251 bp,具有完整的开放阅读框,编码416个氨基酸。FmTCP4具有螺旋-环-螺旋结构,为亲水性的不稳定蛋白,不存在信号肽,具有跨膜能力,亚细胞定位预测存在于细胞核中,并在细胞质到细胞核的调控中起作用。同源序列比对结果表明,FmTCP4与芝麻、烟草等物种的同源蛋白序列相比具有很高的同源性。非生物胁迫处理后,FmTCP4的表达量随处理时间而改变,但其变化趋势不同,表明FmTCP4明显响应了这3种非生物胁迫。激素信号诱导结果表明,外源植物激素调控了FmTCP4基因的表达,基因表达量相对于对照组具有显著性差异。非生物胁迫和激素信号诱导下的基因表达分析表明,FmTCP4响应了寒冷、盐、干旱等非生物胁迫以及激素信号,说明其参与了植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫的平衡。      

白蜡硬枝扦插繁殖技术研究

[目的]补充目前白蜡的繁殖方式,解决白蜡优良品种的无性繁殖技术问题.[方法]以1年生鲁蜡2号、园蜡2号、鲁蜡5号白蜡无性系硬枝为试验材料,其中鲁蜡5号采用三因素(激素种类、激素浓度及处理时间)三水平正交试验设计,鲁蜡2号、园蜡2号及鲁蜡5号采用真空泵处理的方法研究不同环境下硬枝扦插繁殖技术.[结果]鲁蜡5号在不同环境下扦插成活率由高到低依次为塑料花盆(94.4％)、营养杯(92.8％)、沙盘(56.1％),其中营养杯环境下100 mg,/L的ABT1处理2h,100 mg/L的NAA处理4h,100 mg/L的IBA处理6h时最优,扦插成活率均达100％;鲁蜡2号及园蜡2号经真空泵处理后的插穗成活率,在沙盘环境下成活率平均为29％,在大塑料花盆环境下成活率平均为64.4％,其中鲁蜡2号在200 mg/L ABT1中用真空泵处理10分钟时,扦插成活率达95％,在所有用真空泵处理中最高.无论是否经过真空泵处理,沙盘内扦插成活率明显低于其他环境下的成活率,而在营养杯及塑料花盆环境下扦插成活率差别不大.[结论]该研究对提高白蜡硬枝扦插繁殖系数具有重要意义.     

伊春林区天然阔叶混交林中三大硬阔生长差异

对伊春林区天然阔叶混交林中黄菠萝、胡桃楸和水曲柳3个树种在桃山、南岔、翠峦、上甘岭和新青5个自然分布区内的群落结构的差异显著性进行比较分析,并对其相互关系进行了研究。结果表明:桃山林业局3个树种在树高、胸径因子上占有明显优势;树高与胸径的相关系数是0.875,呈显著正相关;树高与胸径回归方程的拟合优度最高达0.825,回归方程的最佳拟合函数是三次函数。     

核桃楸主要病虫害及防治技术

综述了危害东北林区三大珍贵硬阔叶树种之一核桃楸的主要病虫害种类及其生物学特性,并提出了有效的防治措施,以为核桃楸病虫害的防治提供参考。     

NaCl对绒毛白蜡种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

报道了ＮａＣｌ对绒毛白蜡种子萌发，幼苗形态生成，以及不同生理阶段的幼苗对ＮａＣｌ的忍耐能力。ＮａＣｌ能降低种子的发芽质量，不利于幼苗的形态生成。绒毛白蜡在开始形成真叶时期对ＮａＣｌ最敏感，此期幼苗耐盐能力最弱。随着幼苗的生长发育和耐盐能力的增强，两对真叶的幼苗比一对真叶的幼苗在ＮａＣｌ溶液中存活率上升。     

Establishment of woody plants in Mediterranean old fields: opportunity in space and time

The establishment of woody plants following agricultural abandonment in the Mediterranean region is a very widespread process which underlines the extent of the rural exodus. The installation windows in space and time were studied in the French Mediterranean region for two common woody plants, Buxus sempervirens and Fraxinus angustifolia and for a group of common woody fleshy-fruited species. These plants differ in their principal modes of dispersal which are respectively, barochory, anemochory and ornithochory. Their installation was analyzed in relation to the seed shadows, the spatial patterns and the age structures of the seedlings. The majority of the seeds were dispersed over short distances, although some animal vectors may promote a limited amount of long distance dispersal. Hence, whatever the mode of dispersal, a few seeds are often dispersed far from the maternal plant. The combination of several dispersal types in one plant species is a frequently observed feature, one being dominant at a small scale, and related to successional processes, the other being dominant at a larger scale and related to invasive processes. In the old fields the spatial pattern of seedlings closely follow the observed seed shadows. However, competition with the maternal plants may lead to, in some cases, a recruitment deficit close to the seed-bearers. Age structures show that woody plants often install very early after the abandonment of cultivation and that the installation window in time is shortened by the development of a dense herbaceous cover. It is concluded that the installation of woody plants in Mediterranean old fields cannot be reduced to a general rule. The rate and extent of installation depends mainly on the spatial distribution of the seed-bearers, therefore of the spatial patterns of the landscape.     

CO_2浓度升高对长白山三种树木幼苗光合、呼吸及酶活性的影响(英文)

以开顶箱的方式研究了长白山两年生红松、长白赤松、水曲柳幼苗,经过从1999年9月到2001年9月两个生长季高浓度CO2处理后,在700、500 L·L-1高浓度CO2和大气CO2条件下的净光合、暗呼吸速率,RuBP羧化酶活性及叶绿素含量变化。结果表明:红松、长白赤松和水曲柳幼苗在高浓度CO2下RuBP羧化酶活性增加;除500 L·L-1 CO2下的长白赤松幼苗外,高浓度CO2促进净光合速率;700 L·L-1 CO2使红松和长白赤松的暗呼吸速率升高,而水曲柳的暗呼吸在700、500 L·L-1CO2下降低。高浓度使水曲柳幼苗的叶绿素含量降低。     

Seed Biology,Stand Characteristics,and Regeneration of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance

Fruit size and seed moisture content were measured and seed production and dispersal were monitored to understand the seed biology of the Korean ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance) in two Korean ash forests. A combination of four ground treatments and four crown closure levels were created in a natural forest to understand the site conditions needed for seedling emergence in natural stands and to determine practical regeneration methods for direct seeding. The seed size of Korean ash increased until late May and its moisture content decreased rapidly in early November. Prolific seed bearing occurred every 3 yr. The distance of seed dispersal by wind was about 30 m, but more than 90% of the seeds dispersed within 10 m from the seed trees. Twenty-five seed trees per hectare provided for successful natural regeneration. The seedling emergence in the natural stands was best with scarification treatment and 25～50% of crown closure.