Effect of Forsythia suspensa extract and chito‐oligosaccharide alone or in combination on performance,intestinal barrier function,antioxidant capacity and immune characteristics of weaned piglets

We investigated the effects of Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) and chito‐oligosaccharide (COS), alone or together, on performance and health status of weaned piglets. The treatments included a basal diet and three diets with 160 mg/kg COS, 100 mg/kg FSE, or 100 mg/kg FSE and 160 mg/kg COS. Supplementation with COS or FSE alone improved (P < 0.01) average daily gain and feed conversion ratio compared with the basal diet in the first 2 weeks. On day 14, COS or FSE supplementation separately produced stronger (P < 0.01) serum total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activities and lower serum endotoxin (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.01) concentrations, generated higher (P < 0.01) serum complement 4 concentration, peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation and serum‐specific ovalbumin antibody level than the basal diet. No differences in oxidative injury and immunity indices were detected on day 28. The combined FSE and COS produced similar results compared with FSE or COS when given alone. These data indicate FSE or COS can increase performance by modulating intestinal permeability, antioxidant status and immune function in younger pigs. There appears to be similar advantage in feeding the additives in combination over those obtained from feeding them separately.     

山西道地药材连翘组织培养快速繁育技术研究

[目的]试验选取山西道地药材连翘,利用组织培养技术进行快速繁育研究。[方法]以连翘含有2个腋芽的嫩茎茎段为外植体,利用不同激素种类和浓度水平通过正交试验法进行比较,最终利用方差分析筛选出最适宜连翘快速繁育的组织培养体系。[结果]连翘的最佳组织培养体系为初代培养基(MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L+蔗糖25 g/L)、增殖培养基(MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.1mg/L+蔗糖35 g/L)、生根培养基(MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖25 g/L),生根率可达93.3%,生根的平均根长最长,达9.7mm,适合大规模繁殖。[结论]该研究为连翘的大规模发展提供技术支持。     

商洛连翘种子品质检验与质量标准研究

为了建立商洛连翘种子质量分级标准,以便控制其质量,规范种子供需市场,采用连翘种子检验方法,测定不同来源连翘种子的发芽率、千粒重、净度、含水量和生活力等指标,结果表明:商洛地区连翘种子的净重为50%~58%,平均值为48.35%;千粒重为2.7244~2.8312 g,平均值为2.7687 g;含水量为5.69%~6.37%,平均值为6.12%;发芽率为26.69%~50.00%,平均值为42.0%;5 d内的发芽势为0~20%,平均值为8%。种子的颜色为褐色和黑色2种,其中以褐色种子为佳。根据K类中心聚类分析结果,最终确定了以发芽率和千粒重2项指标为主要标指,以净度和含水量为参考指标的4项指标3个等级的连翘种子质量分级标准,分为1、2、3三个等级。     

高速逆流色谱分离纯化连翘中的两对立体异构体

应用高速逆流色谱法(HSCCC)分离纯化连翘果实中的两对木脂素类立体异构体.分别用乙酸乙酯-正丁醇-甲醇-水(体积比5∶0.7∶1∶5)和乙酸乙酯-正丁醇-甲醇-水(体积比5∶0.5∶1∶5)为两相溶剂体系,在转速为800r/min、流速为1.5 mL/min、检测波长为254 nm的条件下进行分离,所得馏分经高效液相...     

连翘不同部位连翘苷含量测定及其抗氧化活性的测定

为综合利用连翘,现采用超声波辅助法提取连翘苷,HPLC法测定连翘苷,DPPH自由基清除法评价抗氧化活性,对测定连翘不同部位提取液连翘苷含量及其抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明：超声波辅助提取法的最佳提取条件为甲醇含量75%,提取30min,物料比为8∶1,提取次数为2次;连翘叶中连翘苷含量显著高于连翘花和果实;连翘花、果...     

连翘提取物对常见致病菌的体内外抑菌活性测定

为观察连翘提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等致病菌的抑菌活性,试验采用试管二倍稀释法,测定连翘提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的体外抑菌活性;采用相同浓度致病菌灌胃小鼠后,分别用连翘提取物灌胃治疗,测定小鼠十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠中肠道菌群数量。结果表明,无论是在体外还是在体内,连翘提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌均具有抑制作用,且对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制性最强,对沙门氏菌抑制性最弱;通过灌注连翘提取物,显著降低了各致病菌致病后小鼠的死亡率。通过研究得出以下结论,连翘提取物对常见的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等致病菌具有较明显的体内外抑菌作用。     

不同加工方式对连翘药材品质的影响

为明确不同加工方式对连翘药材品质的影响,以生晒法为对照,研究了煮-晒、蒸-晒、煮-烘和一体化机器加工方式对连翘水分、总灰分、醇溶性浸出物、连翘苷和连翘酯苷A含量的影响。结果表明:不同加工方式下,连翘药材水分和总灰分含量与对照差异不显著;一体化机器加工的连翘药材中醇溶性浸出物、连翘苷和连翘酯苷A含量显著高于其他加工方式;煮-晒、蒸-晒和煮-烘加工方式下,连翘药材中醇溶性浸出物和连翘酯苷A含量均显著高于对照。不同加工方式对连翘药材品质影响差异较大,各指标都达到《中国药典》规定范围内,一体化机器加工的连翘药材品质最优,煮-晒、蒸-晒和煮-烘方式次之,生晒方式效果最差。     

不同土壤处理对东北连翘生长影响的研究

以东北连翘盆栽苗为试验材料,研究樟子松、红皮云杉纯林下土、枯枝落叶覆盖园土处理对东北连翘生长的影响。旨在从园林景观建设的角度考虑,尝试研究筛选出适合樟子松、红皮云杉林下生长的灌木,为丰富松科植物林下园林景观配置提供参考。研究结果表明：樟子松林下土、枯枝落叶覆盖园土对东北连翘的生长都无明显的促进作用或抑制作用,对有机物的积累和叶绿素的合成有促进作用;红皮云杉林下土对新梢的加粗生长有促进作用,促进叶绿素b和总叶绿素的合成;红皮云杉枯枝落叶覆盖园土对东北连翘的生长无明显的促进作用或抑制作用。     

Forsythia suspensa extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory liver injury in rats via promoting antioxidant defense mechanisms

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to have a role in inflammation. We investigated whether Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) could exert its antioxidant potential against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory liver injury in rats. Rats were orally fed FSE once daily for 7 consecutive days prior to LPS (Escherichia coli, serotype O55:B5) injection. LPS treatment caused liver dysfunction as evidenced by massive histopathological changes and increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities which were ameliorated by FSE pretreatment. FSE attenuated LPS‐induced depletion of cytosolic nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation in liver, and the generation of ROS and malondialdehyde in serum and liver. FSE increased the Nrf2‐mediated induction of heme oxygenase‐1 in liver, as well as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum and liver. Importantly, FSE attenuated LPS‐induced nuclear factor‐кB (NF‐кB) nuclear translocation in liver, and subsequently decreased tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 levels in serum and liver, which were associated with FSE‐induced activation of Nrf2 in liver. These results indicate that the protective mechanisms of FSE may be involved in the attenuation of oxidative stress and the inhibition of the NF‐кB‐mediated inflammatory response by modulating the Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant response against LPS‐induced inflammatory liver injury.     

连翘叶酶-醇提取物抗药物性肝损伤作用研究

【目的】研究连翘叶酶 醇提取物（FLEAE）抗药物性肝损伤（DILI）的作用及其机制。【方法】将48只昆明小鼠随机分为6组,每组8只,分别为正常对照组（NC）、FLEAE对照组（FC）、DILI模型组（DILI）及FLEAE高、中、低剂量治疗组（HFC、MFC、LFC）,其中NC组和FC组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,其余各组小鼠腹腔注射300 mg/kg APAP注射液,每天2次,连续注射4 d,第5天开始NC组和DILI组小鼠灌胃生理盐水,FC、HFC、MFC和LFC组小鼠分别灌胃FLEAE 600,600,400和200 mg/kg,每天2次,连续灌胃3 d。最后1次灌胃12 h后,检测各组小鼠谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）水平及氧化应激指标谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和丙二醛（MDA）水平,肝组织切片苏木精伊红（HE）染色观察肝损伤情况。用网络药理学方法构建FLEAE调控DILI的靶点集,GO和KEGG分析靶点的基因功能及通路,筛选FLEAE抗DILI的核心靶点。qRT-PCR和Western Blot检测核心靶点PIK3CA及其下游凋亡抑制分子B细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2）基因和蛋白的表达水平。【结果】FLEAE可显著降低DILI组小鼠血液中的ALT和AST水平,改善药物性肝损伤。FLEAE可显著降低DILI小鼠的GSH和SOD水平,提高H₂O₂和MDA水平。网络药理学分析表明,FLEAE抗DILI靶点与凋亡过程的负调控、氧化应激等有关,主要富集于PI3K/Akt信号通路,可能通过PIK3CA发挥作用;qRT-PCR和Western Blot结果显示,FLEAE可能通过提高PIK3CA基因和蛋白的表达发挥抗DILI及抑制细胞凋亡的作用。【结论】FLEAE通过上调DILI中PIK3CA的表达抑制细胞凋亡和改善氧化应激,发挥抗DILI的作用。