豫东地区能源型甘薯品种的筛选

为选育适合豫东地区自然条件的高产高淀粉型甘薯品种,在河南省商丘市进行了生产试验,并测定各品种的鲜薯产量、薯干产量、干物质量、淀粉率及主要病虫害抗性。结果表明:徐薯22、商薯19和金玉3种能源生产专用型甘薯品种能更好地适应当地条件,其淀粉含量比当地主栽品种豫薯9号提高10%左右,产量提高5%～10%。大力发展能源型甘薯种植能使农民增收,使用生物质能源可有效减轻大气污染,经济效益、社会效益和生态效益明显。     

新靶标铁苋菜在除草化合物筛选研究中的应用

铁苋菜具有特殊的生物学特性,属于旱田难防杂草。采用商品化除草剂硝磺草酮及巴佰金对铁苋菜进行室内防除试验,同时验证与硝磺草酮及巴佰金结构类似的新化合物对其的防除活性。结果表明,结构类似的除草化合物对铁苋菜的防除活性较为接近;铁苋菜作为新的生测靶标,可应用于化合物除草活性生测筛选研究。     

茄科植物内生细菌的分离及拮抗菌的筛选

从番茄和辣椒植株中共分离到9株对植物病原真菌具有拈抗作用的内生细菌。其中，来自樱桃番茄的内生细菌株系BS-1和湘研辣椒的内生细菌株系BS-4对辣椒根腐病菌等具有较强的拈抗作用，两者在植株体内均可以定殖。BS-1和BS-4均属于芽孢杆菌。     

A screening test for Mycosphaerella brassicicola on Brassica oleracea

A greenhouse screening method for resistance to ringspot (Mycosphaerella brassicicola) inBrassica oleracea is described. High infection levels were achieved by spraying young plants by mycelial inoculum enriched with 3% sucrose. The screening method was tested on three Brussels sprouts, three cabbage and three cauliflower cultivars, with known reactions to ringspot in the field. Resistance was expressed both in cotyledons and true leaves by a lower number of lesions than the susceptible control and/or by hypersensitive reactions. Results of the seedling tests reflected differences in resistance in the field. Under controlled conditions the new test can be applied year-round to young plants, thus accelerating selection procedures.     

Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency: presence of the Cys36Ser beta-2 integrin mutation in an affected US Irish Setter cross-breed dog and in US Irish Red and White Setters

Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by recurrent bacterial infections in the presence of marked leukocytosis. The disease was 1st described in the mid-1980s in a cross-breed Irish Setter Dog in the United States. It results from a defective beta-2 subunit of heterodimeric leukocyte adhesion proteins. The causative mutation for CLAD in Irish Setter Dogs from Europe has been identified as a missense mutation at base pair position 107 in the beta-2 integrin subunit gene (ITGB2) that results in an amino acid change from cysteine to serine at amino acid 36 (Cys36Ser) in the beta-2 integrin subunit protein. In the current work, the originally described dog with CLAD has been genetically tested and shown to have the same mutation as the European Irish Setters. This suggests that the mutation has been in the Irish Setter population for many generations spanning more than 2 decades. A related breed, the Irish Red and White Setter, has a history of interbreeding with Irish Setters and shares a common ancestry with the Irish Setter breed. DNA from Irish Red and White Setters residing in the United States was screened either by sequencing or by the newly developed restriction enzyme test for the Irish Setter Cys36Ser CLAD mutation. Seven of 54 dogs tested (13%) were found to be carriers of the Irish Setter CLAD mutation. Five of these were directly related to a sire from the UK, demonstrating the importation of an allele from another continent and establishing the need for genetic testing in this breed in the United States.     

传统发酵酸马奶中瑞士乳杆菌耐酸性的筛选

从新疆地区牧民家庭32份自然发酵酸马奶样品中分离鉴定出的82株瑞士乳杆菌中，通过耐酸实验选出39株可在pH3．0和pH3．5酸性环境中生长的菌株进行pH为3．0的人工胃液的耐受性实验。结果表明不同菌株对人工胃液的耐受能力有很大差异。     

A high-throughput glasshouse bioassay to detect crown rot resistance in wheat germplasm

A high-throughput and reliable seedling bioassay to screen wheat germplasm for crown rot resistance was developed. Single wheat seedlings were grown in square seedling punnets in a glasshouse and inoculated with a monoconidial Fusarium pseudograminearum isolate 10 days after emergence. The punnets were laid horizontally on their side and a 10- µ L inoculum droplet placed on the stem base. Seedlings were incubated at near-saturated relative humidity, and crown rot severity was assessed 35 days after inoculation. Studies on the duration of incubation period, inoculum concentration and temperature were carried out to optimize these parameters. Seedling growth at 25/15(±5)°C in a glasshouse and 48-h incubation at near-saturated RH in darkness gave the best results. When crown rot resistance rankings of 16 Australian cultivars from the bioassay were compared with their field performance, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was highly significant. This indicated that the seedling bioassay mimicked field resistance to crown rot in adult plants. A bootstrap resampling analysis showed little or no improvement in the coefficient of variation with an increasing number of replications, indicating a high level of precision and reproducibility. By detecting small but consistent differences in crown rot severity, the bioassay proved effective in large-scale screening for partial resistance: already over 1400 wheat genotypes have been screened. The high degree of precision makes this an invaluable tool in the understanding of pathogen aggressiveness, host specialization and parasitic fitness.     

Resistance in water yam (Dioscorea alata) cultivars in the French West Indies to anthracnose disease based on tissue culture-derived whole-plant assay

Reactions of 60 water yam ( Dioscorea alata ) cultivars to three isolates of the yam anthracnose fungal pathogen ( Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ) were evaluated using tissue culture-derived whole-plant assay. Three disease parameters: single score on a scale of 0–6 at the seventh day after inoculation (SD7); area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC); and disease progress rate ( R _d) were compared, and cultivars were classified into disease-response groups using a rank-sum method based on AUDPC scores for the two most virulent isolates. A wide range of variation in resistance of the D. alata cultivars, and significant effects of pathogen isolate and isolate–cultivar interactions, were observed for all disease parameters. The three disease parameters were positively correlated; however, four cultivars showed great dispersions from the regression lines for comparisons of SD7 with the multiple assessments based AUDPC and R _d. The 60 cultivars were separated into resistant ( n  = 12), moderately resistant ( n  = 19), moderately susceptible ( n  = 18) and susceptible ( n  = 11) groups. The potential of the tissue culture-derived whole-plant assay to resistance breeding programmes and further understanding of the yam anthracnose pathosystem is discussed.     

西藏八角莲炭疽病病原鉴定及室内药剂筛选

从西藏大学农牧学院药材基地的西藏八角莲叶片病斑上分离到1种炭疽病菌,根据病害症状特点、病原菌形态特征、培养性状和致病性测定等进行鉴定,结果表明:西藏八角莲炭疽病的病原菌为半知菌亚门,腔孢纲,黑盘孢目,刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum sp.)。药剂筛选试验结果表明,对菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有强烈抑制作用的药剂有80%福.福锌可湿性粉剂、58%甲霜灵可湿性粉剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、72%霜脲.锰锌可湿性粉剂,稀释倍数在2000倍时,对菌丝和孢子的抑制率均达90%以上。