银杏苗期施氮的研究

为探索银杏苗木对氮的需求,按0.0、1.5、3.0、4.5和6.0g·盆-15个水平进行盆栽施氮肥试验。结果表明:(1)银杏苗高、新梢长度、各器官生物量及总生物量等均随着施氮量的增加而提高,但当施氮量超过3.0g·盆-1后,这些指标又随着施氮量的继续增加而下降。此外,银杏苗木的叶绿素含量及光合速率等对氮素的反应亦与此相似。(2)银杏苗木叶片全氮量在适量的供氮范围内随施氮量的增加而增加,含氮量最高出现在3.0g·盆-1,超过此值后,随施氮量的提高逐渐下降。(3)银杏苗木各项生长指标与施氮量之间存在二次函数关系,根据回归方程求得2年生银杏苗木的合理施氮量为2.81～3.05g·盆-1。     

稻田地力贡献与合理施肥

长期定位试验结果表明，地力贡献具有各异性、持续性、相关性和稳定性四个特点。在水稻生产中，应充分重视土壤肥力的培育和提高，才能提高肥料施用效益。根据作物肥料效应大小，水稻施肥应氮钾肥配合施用，旱作则要氮磷肥配合施用。     

银杏施肥研究进展

综述了我国银杏施肥技术的研究进展，探讨了银杏施肥存在的问题、并对未来银杏施肥的研究方向进行了展望。     

两种耕作方式下施肥对水稻产量及稻田氮、磷质量分数的影响

采用常规施肥、减20%施肥和不施肥3种施肥水平,研究两种耕作方式(半旱式、平作)对水稻产量、品质、稻田土壤和水体中氮、磷质量分数的影响.结果表明:①半旱式耕作方式在3种施肥水平下水稻产量均比平作同等施肥水平高,半旱式耕作有利于水稻增产.②半旱式常规减20%施肥水平下,土壤中氮、磷质量分数明显升高,水体中氮、磷呈现降低的趋势,有效地降低了氮、磷流失的风险;半旱式耕作对减少氮、磷流失的效果较平作方式好.     

牛卵母细胞体外培养成熟前后及体外受精卵Alpabe的电镜细胞化学研究

本研究用Adams的改良柠檬酸铅法,对牛卵巢2—5mm卵泡中的细胞及体外培养成熟卵和体外受精卵进行了碱性磷酸酶(AIpcse)的电镜细胞化学研究、其Alpase活性有一定的变化规律。培养前的卵母细胞酶活性较强,主要定位于质膜及质膜下颗粒细胞突起膨大部和透明带上。体外培养成熟卯质膜上的酶活性明显减弱颗粒细胞突起已抽回。但是在增宽的卵周隙中有较多的酶反应产物。体外受精卯的酶活性很强,不仅表现在质膜上的酶活性增强,而且还定位于线粒体及一些空泡的膜和细胞基质中。可见,Alpase的活性随牛卵母细胞的成热过程减弱,随受精过程增强。     

薏苡仁红枣保健饮料的研制

[目的]研究薏苡仁红枣保健饮料的液化和浸提制汁工艺。[方法]薏苡仁乳与红枣汁用量比、糖度、酸度做三因素三水平正交试验1,由10人评分小组按感官评分,选出较优水平组合。选取XGM和CMC作为稳定剂,蔗糖酯和单甘酯作为乳化剂,做四因素三水平正交试验2,选出较优水平组合。[结果]根据正交试验1和2的结果,确定产品最佳基料配方为:薏苡仁乳(料水比1∶6)和红枣汁(料水比1∶7)比为1∶2。辅料:蔗糖6%,柠檬酸0.25%,XGM 0.10%,CMC 0.12%,蔗糖酯0.08%。[结论]按该配方及工艺流程操作,完全去掉了薏米特有的令人不快的气味,制成口感优良、风味独特的美容保健饮料。     

DETERMINATION OF FOLIAR SAMPLING CONDITIONS AND STANDARD LEAF NUTRIENT LEVELS TO ASSESS MINERAL STATUS OF LOQUAT TREE

Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] is a minor fruit-tree species which is grown commercially in the Mediterranean region. Given the current increase in loquat cultivation, there is a need to define basic crop-management procedures in order to obtain high yields and optimal fruit quality. The aim of this work was to develop a routine for loquat farmers to follow, in order to know the nutritional status of trees in order to establish a rational fertilization regime, and to correct nutrient deficiencies as soon as possible. This paper reports three experiments aimed at establishing: 1) leaf type, 2) time of leaf sampling and 3) the standard leaf nutrient levels as a function of maximum yield. Results indicate that the summer flush leaves could be the most representative of nutritional status. Thus, the most appropriate time to sample leaves for analysis is in summer (beginning of August to the end of September), taking mature 3–4 month old leaves.     

Beneficial effects of glycine on growth and leaf nutrient concentrations of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) plants

Abstract

In this study, the effect of glycine amino acid was evaluated on growth characteristics and nutrient uptake of coriander plants under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were soil application of glycine in two concentrations of 300 and 600?mg kg^?1 soil, foliar application of glycine (in 0.05% concentration), soil application of mix NPK fertilizer and no fertilizer control. The growth parameters of plant height, leaf SPAD value, shoot and root fresh weights were significantly improved by soil application of glycine, particularly in higher concentration. Soil application of glycine also reduced the number of flowered plants, while it increased soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C of plant leaf extracts than control plants. Leaf nutrient concentrations of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn), but not magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn), were significantly increased by soil application of glycine, whereas soil applied NPK significantly increased P and Ca of leaves than unfertilized control plants.     

Yield,Petiole Nitrate,and Node Development Responses of Cotton to Early Season Nitrogen Fertilization

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) fertilization continues to be of primary importance in the economically successful production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Profit margins of producers might be expanded by increasing the uptake efficiency of applied N. Recently, N fertilization of crops grown in the Mississippi River Delta has been suspected to impact water quality in the Gulf of Mexico. Improving efficiency of N uptake could alleviate some environmental concerns by increasing the retention of N at the site of application. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of replacing preplant N applications with postemergent N applications on the growth and yield characteristics of cotton. Delayed applications of the recommended rate of N fertilizer (112 kg N ha^?1) were tested for four years under irrigated and dry land production conditions. The N rate was applied either preplant, after crop emergence, or at first square. Further, 112 kg N ha^?1 was split applied evenly at preplant + first square, and after emergence + first square. The five 112 kg ha^?1 N treatments were compared to an unfertilized control. Yield tended to be maximized with N treatments that included a first square application. Yields were usually lowest in the unfertilized control and the 112 kg N ha^?1 preplant treatments. Not surprisingly, both yield and plant growth was influenced more by irrigation than N fertilization. Years when drought conditions caused water stress and limited plant growth, dry land cotton had only limited response to the N fertilization treatments. Irrigated cotton responded to N treatments all years with increased growth and yield. Optimizing agronomic considerations, the best N fertilization timing was an after emergence + first square split application.