基于茶籽壳代替木屑栽培茶树菇配方筛选试验

不同比例的茶籽壳和木屑组合成5个试验配方,比较不同配方对菌丝生长、子实体经济性状和生物转化率的影响。试验结果表明,在供试的5个配方中,配方4（棉籽壳50%、茶籽壳15%、木屑5%、麦麸20%、玉米粉7%、石膏1%、磷肥1%、石灰1%）为优选配方。     

施用不同壮果肥对猕猴桃产量和品质的影响

以树龄 10 年的“贵长”猕猴桃为供试材料,研究用不同肥料（常规用肥、专用肥、生物肥、生物肥 专用肥）作为猕猴桃壮果肥施用对果实品质、产量及贮藏性能的影响。结果表明,4 种追肥处理对猕猴桃的产量和果实品质有不同程度的提高和改善,其中0.25 kg 生物肥 1.0 kg 专用肥能显著地增加猕猴桃的单果体积、单果质量、产量和提高维生素 C、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖的含量,改善猕猴桃后熟的贮藏性能,对糖酸比和果形指数也有改善作用,猕猴桃专用肥效果次之。用0.25 kg 生物肥 1.0 kg 专用肥作为猕猴桃壮果肥施用综合效果较为理想,可在猕猴桃实际生产中推广使用。     

氮磷钾钙配施对望天树幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

探讨不同N、P、K、Ca配施处理对望天树幼苗生长及生理特性的影响,并根据其生长及生理表现筛选适宜的配施处理,旨在为望天树壮苗培育提供参考依据。以1年生望天树幼苗为试验材料,采用L16(4⁴)正交试验设计方法。结果表明,不同配施处理对望天树幼苗生长及生理指标影响达到极显著差异水平（P<0.01）,生长表现最优处理是N₂P₂K₄Ca₁和N₃P₄K₂Ca₁,生理指标表现最优处理是N₃P₂K₁Ca₂和N₃P₄K₂Ca₁。相关性分析表明望天树苗高与叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量等生理指标呈极显著正相关,与丙二醛含量呈极显著负相关,地径仅与叶绿素含量呈显著正相关关系。处理7(100 mg N+20 mg P+80 mg K)、处理12（200 mg N+40 mg P+20 mg K）对望天树幼苗生长的促进作用最大,处理11（200 mg N+20 mg P+50 mg Ca）和处理12（200 mg N+40 mg P+20 mg K）配施下生理特性指标表现最好;N是望天树幼苗生长的必须因子,P和K对促进苗木地径生长作用显著,适量Ca有助于提高望天树幼苗生理活性,超过100 mg则导致生理胁迫。     

韭菜生产中施肥量、播量与产量的相关关系张桂海 王明耀 王学颖 黄志辉 王长浩 田庆武 张钊

通过播种量与施肥量的组合试验,寻求韭菜合理的播种量的区间与最佳的施肥量,得到韭菜生产种子的播量范围为2.38kg /667㎡～3.00kg/667㎡。     

不同施肥水平对金丝枣生长和品质的影响

为了研究不同施肥量对金丝枣树生长效应的影响,为辽宁朝阳地区金丝枣合理施肥提高依据。采用田间试验方法,研究不同施肥水平对2a生树龄的金丝枣枣园土壤、叶片SPAD值、单果重、果实横纵经、硬度等品质的影响。结果表明（1）肥料的施用能在一定程度上増加土壤中植物所需速效养分的含量,提高土壤养分含量。（2）适量的氮磷钾施肥水平能够增加果实横纵径和可溶性固形物含量,降低果实的有机酸含量,同时提高叶片的SPAD值。氮磷钾肥料的合理配合施用,能够提高肥料利用率,增加土壤养分含量,改善枣果品质。     

天水旱作农业区膜侧小麦不同施肥水平增产效应分析

通过不同施肥条件对膜侧小麦水分利用、农艺性状、增产效应、经济效益等方面分析,研究干旱地区膜侧小麦的施肥问题。结果表明:施肥可以提高水分利用率1.1~3.1 kg/(mm.hm2),促进小麦生长发育;不同施肥水平对小麦的增产效应不同:低肥、中肥、高肥3种施肥水平分别比不施肥的对照增产731.5 kg/hm2,1461.0kg/hm2和1 648.5 kg/hm2,增产率分别为25.5%、50.9%和57.4%;经济效益以中肥水平(折合施纯N118.1kg/hm2,P2O594.5 kg/hm2和K2O 60.0 kg/hm2)最高,产值可达2 045.4元/hm2,产投比为2.7∶1。因此,在低、中、高3个施肥水平中,中等施肥最为有效、合理,有利于增产增收。     

疣吻沙蚕胚胎发育观察及盐度对其孵化的影响

采用显微镜观察了疣吻沙蚕(Tylorrhynchus heterochaeta)胚胎发育不同时期特征,并依据疣吻沙蚕人工孵化经验设置6个盐度梯度组(A:0,B:5,C:10,D:13,E:15,F:20),每组3个平行,研究了盐度对疣吻沙蚕受精率和孵化率的影响。结果表明,疣吻沙蚕胚胎发育可分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、前担轮幼虫期、后担轮幼虫期、膜内三刚节疣足幼虫期和三刚节疣足幼虫期8个时期;盐度对疣吻沙蚕孵化影响显著(P0.05),C组受精率和孵化率最高,与其他组存在显著差异(P0.05)。适宜受精的盐度范围为10~13,最适孵化的盐度为10。     

变量技术在农业机械上的应用

变量技术在农业生产中越来越受到欢迎,已开始在耕作、播种、杂草管理、施肥、病虫害控制、栽培以及灌溉等生产作业中得到应用.为此,介绍了变量作业系统的组成和工作原理;分析了我国变量技术在农业机械上的研究现状,为变量技术在农业机械上的推广应用提供依据.     

环保视阈下恩施州肥料利用问题及对策

指出了提高肥料利用率,减少肥料损失和对农业环境的污染是目前农业生产中急需解决的重要问题,针对恩施州有机肥用量不足、肥料投入结构不合理、肥料流失量较大、农业环境污染加重和边际效益下降等问题,提出了有机肥资源高效利用、采用新型科学施肥技术和减少环境污染的施肥技术等提高肥料利用率的建议。     

Modern wheat cultivars have greater root nitrogen uptake efficiency than old cultivars

The availability of nitrogen (N) contained in crop residues for a following crop may vary with cultivar, depending on root traits and the interaction between roots and soil. We used a pot experiment to investigate the effects of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (three old varieties introduced before mid last century and three modern varieties) and N fertilization on the ability of wheat to acquire N from maize (Zea mays L.) straw added to soil. Wheat was grown in a soil where ¹⁵N‐labeled maize straw had been incorporated with or without N fertilization. Higher grain yield in three modern and one old cultivar was ascribed to preferred allocation of photosynthate to aboveground plant parts and from vegetative organs to grains. Root biomass, root length density and root surface area were all smaller in modern than in old cultivars at both anthesis and maturity. Root mean diameter was generally similar between modern and old cultivars at anthesis but was greater in modern than in old cultivars at maturity. There were cultivar differences in N uptake from incorporated maize straw and the other N sources (soil and fertilizer). However, these differences were not related to variation in the measured root parameters among the six cultivars. At anthesis, total N uptake efficiencies by roots (total N uptake per root weight or root length) were greater in modern than in old cultivars within each fertilization level. At maturity, averaged over fertilization levels, the total N uptake efficiencies by roots were 292?336 mg N g^?1 roots or 3.2?4.0 mg N m^?1 roots for three modern cultivars, in contrast to 132?213 mg N g^?1 roots or 0.93?1.6 mg N m^?1 roots for three old cultivars. Fertilization enhanced the utilization of N from maize straw by all cultivars, but root N uptake efficiencies were less affected. We concluded that modern spring wheat cultivars had higher root N uptake efficiency than old cultivars.