黑龙江省1980-1999年森林火灾释放碳量的估算

根据黑龙江省1980—1999年的森林火灾统计数据和对黑龙江省各森林类型地上生物量的估算,计算出黑龙江省森林年平均森林火灾损失地上生物量391758·65~522344·95t,占全国的6·4%~8·4%。年均释放碳176291·39~235055·23t,约占全国年均森林火灾排放碳的8%。用排放比法得出黑龙江省年平均森林火灾释放的CO2、CO、CH4、NMHC量分别为581761·6~775682·25t、34892·275~46523·04t、14091·11~18788·15t和6500~9000t。     

Energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) balance of logging residues as alternative energy resources: system analysis based on the method of a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis

Using the method of a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, the energy balance and the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission of logging residues from Japanese conventional forestry as alternative energy resources were analyzed over the entire life cycle of the residues. The fuel consumption for forestry machines was measured in field experiments for harvesting and transporting logging residues at forestry operating sites in Japan. In addition, a total audit of energy consumption was undertaken. It involved an assessment of materials, construction, and the repair and maintenance of forestry machines as well as the costs associated with an energy-conversion plant. As a result, the ratio of energy output to input was calculated to be 5.69, indicating that the system examined in this study could be feasible as an energy production system. The CO₂ emission per MWh_e (e: electricity) of the biomass-fired power generation plant was calculated to be 61.8kgCO₂/MWh_e, while that of coal-fired power generation plants in Japan is 960kgCO₂/MWh_e. Therefore, the reduction in the amount of CO₂ emission that would result from replacing coal with biomass for power generation by as much as 3.0 million dry-t/year of logging residues in Japan was estimated to be 1.66 million tCO₂/year, corresponding to 0.142% of the national CO₂ emission. This study provides evidence that Japan could reduce its domestic CO₂ emission by using logging residues as alternative energy resources.     

High-resolution fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a pituitary microtumor in a dog

A 16-year-old, castrated, male English cocker spaniel dog was presented due to generalized alopecia. Routine clinical pathology, endocrine and abdominal ultrasonography results were consistent with a diagnosis of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The adenohypophyseal lesion was clearly visualized on both 3 T and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland. Although biochemical and MRI findings were consistent with a functional pituitary microtumor, a pituitary lesion was not detected using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). This report firstly describes the application of high-resolution FDG-PET to a spontaneous pituitary microtumor in a dog.     

Mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from swine wastewater treatment in an aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibers

Mitigation of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from swine wastewater treatment was demonstrated in an aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibers (CF reactor). The CF reactor had a demonstrated advantage in mitigating N₂O emission and avoiding NOx (NO₃ + NO₂) accumulation. The N₂O emission factor was 0.0003 g N₂O‐N/gTN‐load in the CF bioreactor compared to 0.03 gN₂O‐N/gTN‐load in an activated sludge reactor (AS reactor). N₂O and CH₄ emissions from the CF reactor were 42 g‐CO₂ eq/m³/day, while those from the AS reactor were 725 g‐CO₂ eq/m³/day. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the CF reactor removed an average of 156 mg/L of the NH₄‐N, and accumulated an average of 14 mg/L of the NO₃‐N. In contrast, the DIN in the AS reactor removed an average 144 mg/L of the NH₄‐N and accumulated an average 183 mg/L of the NO₃‐N. NO₂‐N was almost undetectable in both reactors.     

EMDI-UF混合胶刨花板制造工艺条件的研究

介绍了东北林业大学人造板研究所在降低人造板游离甲醛释放量的研究成果,利用可乳化异氰酸酯(EMDI)与脲醛树脂(UF)混合胶制造刨花板,使产品达到E1级标准要求。研究结果表明:混合胶的施胶量为7％,采用6％的UF和1％的EMDI是比较适合的比例。将它们混合到一起,不加酸性固化剂,搅拌均匀后喷洒到刨花上,比较适宜的板坯含水率不应超过14％,在175℃下热压4.5min,所粘结的刨花板各项性能都符合GB4897—92—等品和E1级板标准的要求。与UF胶刨花板相比,混合胶刨花板的耐水性得到明显改善,甲醛释放量可降低到7.88mg/100g板。     

钢铁企业焦化工序节能减排途径探讨

从焦化技术改进、资源综合利用、余热回收利用三方面探讨了钢铁企业焦化工序节能减排途径。分析了捣固炼焦、干熄焦等技术,为钢铁企业实施节能减排提供参考。     

竹木复合砧板基材对其硬度和甲醛释放量的影响

为探究竹木复合砧板基材对其硬度和甲醛释放量的影响,分别选择基材为木材、竹材和人造板的3类竹木复合砧板,测定并分析其硬度与甲醛释放量。结果表明：基材为木材和竹材的竹木复合砧板硬度大于基材为人造板的竹木复合砧板硬度;基材为人造板的竹木复合砧板甲醛释放量大于基材为竹材和木材的竹木复合砧板甲醛释放量。研究结果可为生活中选择竹木复合砧板提供参考。     

1997-2018年中国农业碳排放的时空演进与脱钩效应——基于空间和分布动态法的实证研究

在测度1997—2018年中国31个省区农业碳排放的基础上,对其时空演变特征进行分析,并利用核密度估计法和马尔科夫链法,考察中国农业碳排放分布的动态演进机制,进一步基于脱钩理论探究农业碳排放与农业经济发展之间的关系。结果表明:(1)中国农业碳排放量总体呈现波动上升趋势,农业碳排放强度不断下降,稻田为第一碳源;(2)中国农业碳排放的区域差距较大,碳排放较低的省区呈扩大趋势,碳排放较高的省区有所收缩;农业碳排放量总体上表现出东中部高、西部低的空间分布格局,而碳排放强度的空间布局则相反;(3)农业碳排放动态演进特征的分析表明,大部分省区的农业碳排放呈现增长态势,地区差距有所扩大,但“两极分化”现象逐渐消失;农业碳排放分布状态稳定性高,内部流动性低;(4)中国农业碳排放与农业经济发展之间多处于弱脱钩和强脱钩状态,强脱钩状态的省区在空间格局上逐渐替代弱脱钩状态占据绝对主导地位。     

《农业环境科学学报》2021年刊出论文简评

本文简要地介绍了2021年《农业环境科学学报》刊出论文的总体情况,涉及的栏目和关注的主要污染物等,重点评述了环境健康与农产品安全、废弃物处理及资源化利用、养殖环境和氨排放方面刊出的论文,指出了这些领域应该重点关注的科学问题,呼吁加强农业污染物排放量测定方法的研究。     

长三角地区典型季节规模化奶牛场氨排放特征研究

为掌握长三角地区规模化奶牛场氨排放特征,通过在线高分辨率监测系统对典型规模化奶牛场的棚舍养殖、粪便堆肥和污水贮存环节进行连续监测,获取不同环节、不同季节的氨排放信息,并计算得到本地化氨排放系数及排放强度。结果表明：规模化奶牛场棚舍养殖、粪便堆肥和污水贮存3个环节的年均氨排放浓度分别为（2.53±0.88）、（2.68±1.72）mg·m^-3和（2.44±1.73）mg·m^-3,氨浓度季节变化趋势总体表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,夏季为冬季的2.3~4.2倍。不同环节氨排放小时变化存在明显差异,主要受日气象因子变化、畜禽活动和清粪管理等因素影响。温度是影响奶牛养殖氨排放水平的主要气象因素,与棚舍养殖、粪便堆肥和污水贮存3个环节的氨浓度水平均呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别达到0.914、0.817和0.942,而风速和大气压强则与各环节氨排放浓度呈负相关关系。基于在线监测获得了奶牛养殖氨排放本地化系数,棚舍养殖、粪便堆肥和污水贮存3个环节的年均氨排放系数分别为（13.14±5.17）、（7.71±5.17）kg·头^-1·a^-1和（9.72±4.47）kg·头^-1·a^-1,全年合计氨排放系数为30.57 kg·头^-1·a^-1。采用本地实测氨排放系数,建立了长三角地区规模化牛场氨排放清单,2018年长三角地区规模化牛场氨排放总量为3.39万t,氨排放主要集中在安徽省中北部和江苏省北部等集约化畜禽养殖规模较大的地区,夏季氨排放总量和强度最高,达到了1.36万t和151 t·d^-1,是冬季的3倍多。