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81.
Kamlesh Jangid Mark A. Williams Thomas M. Schmidt William B. Whitman 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(10):2184-2193
The response of soil microbial communities following changes in land-use is governed by multiple factors. The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) whether soil microbial communities track the changes in aboveground vegetation during succession; and (ii) whether microbial communities return to their native state over time. Two successional gradients with different vegetation were studied at the W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan. The first gradient comprised a conventionally tilled cropland (CT), mid-succession forest (SF) abandoned from cultivation prior to 1951, and native deciduous forest (DF). The second gradient comprised the CT cropland, early-succession grassland (ES) restored in 1989, and long-term mowed grassland (MG). With succession, the total microbial PLFAs and soil microbial biomass C consistently increased in both gradients. While bacterial rRNA gene diversity remained unchanged, the abundance and composition of many bacterial phyla changed significantly. Moreover, microbial communities in the relatively pristine DF and MG soils were very similar despite major differences in soil properties and vegetation. After >50 years of succession, and despite different vegetation, microbial communities in SF were more similar to those in mature DF than in CT. In contrast, even after 17 years of succession, microbial communities in ES were more similar to CT than endpoint MG despite very different vegetation between CT and ES. This result suggested a lasting impact of cultivation history on the soil microbial community. With conversion of deciduous to conifer forest (CF), there was a significant change in multiple soil properties that correlated with changes in microbial biomass, rRNA gene diversity and community composition. In conclusion, history of land-use was a stronger determinant of the composition of microbial communities than vegetation and soil properties. Further, microbial communities in disturbed soils apparently return to their native state with time. 相似文献
82.
Conversion of a tropical forest into agroforest alters the fine root-related carbon flux to the soil
Dietrich Hertel Marieke A. Harteveld Christoph Leuschner 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(3):481-490
Large areas of remaining tropical forests are affected by anthropogenic disturbances of various intensities. These disturbances alter the structure of the forest ecosystem and consequently its carbon budget. We analysed the role of fine root dynamics in the soil carbon budget of tropical moist forests in South-east Asia along a gradient of increasing disturbance intensity. Fine root production, fine root turnover, and the associated carbon fluxes from the fine root system to the soil were estimated with three different approaches in five stands ranging from an old growth forest with negligible anthropogenic disturbance to a cacao agroforestry system with planted shade trees. Annual fine root production and mortality in three natural forest sites with increasing canopy openness decreased continuously with increasing forest disturbance, with a reduction of more than 45% between the undisturbed forest and the forest with large timber extraction. Cacao agroforestry stands had higher fine root production and mortality rates than forest with large timber extraction but less than undisturbed forest. The amount of carbon annually transferred to the soil carbon pool through fine root mortality was highest in the undisturbed forest and generally decreased with increasing forest use intensity. However, root-related C flux was also relatively high in the plantation with planted shading trees. In contrast, the relative importance of C transfer from root death in the total above- and below-ground C input to the soil increased with increasing forest use intensity and was even similar to the C input via leaf litter fall in the more intensively managed agroforest. We conclude that moderate to heavy disturbance in South-east Asian tropical moist forests has a profound impact on fine root turnover and the related carbon transfer to the soil. 相似文献
83.
通过对龙凤山公园景观资源的调查,分析其构成及分布状况;对森林景观类型进行分析归类;对公园自然景观特色、人文景观特色和借景景观资源进行深入阐述分析,为公园建设的规划设计、开发建设提供详实依据。 相似文献
84.
小陇山林业局天然林保护工程社会经济效益分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对甘肃省小陇山林业局天然林保护工程实施以来的社会和经济效益进行了分析.结果表明,天然林保护工程实施4 a来,产生了明显的社会效益和经济效益.虽然给森工企业带来局部的经济损失,但是对地方财政、企业职工及当地群众的经济收入影响不大.经计算小陇山林业局国民生产总值累计损失16 524.33万元,当地政府财政收入增加263.77万元,企业职工收入增加8 573.20万元,当地农户收入增加3 760.99万元. 相似文献
85.
马尾松人工林可燃物负荷量和燃损量的动态预测 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
森林可燃物是森林燃烧的物质基础,是林火行为预报的基本依据之一。基于森林燃烧和蔓延规律,选取地表层、树冠层为建模单元;利用林分因子和火环境因子,通过多元回归分析方法,建立了低山丘陵区马尾松人工林幼龄林及中龄林可燃物类型的可燃物负荷量和可燃物烧损量模型。 相似文献
86.
以秦陵铜车马及秦俑坑出土的实战兵器为典型,结合先秦时期重要的科技著作《考工记》,分析探讨了秦代机械设计中的科学思想. 相似文献
87.
非常规月份、单次降水过程后林木对降水金属养分元素浓度的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
周梅 《内蒙古林学院学报》1994,16(1):23-27
1992年春夏,大兴安岭北部出现了长期无雨天气本文重点研究林木在无雨期后首次和第二次降水过程中对降雨金属养分元素浓度的影响。结果表明:兴安落叶松林系统对Ca、K、Na、Mg、Zn的吸收量大,使得降雨后输出系统的养分处于积累状态,另外,该地区空气尘埃含量少,不同时间降水金属养分元素含量变化不大,但林内雨的金属养分元素浓度却有着明显变化。从再分配降水金属养分元素浓度变化情况来看,兴安岭落叶松林除了对Ca具有明显的吸收作用和能迅速脱溶较多的K和Na外,林分能大量提供Zn,但对其它微量元素影响不大,可以说林木是降水金属养分元素的分布、循环、集累、亏损、输入、输出的支柱。 相似文献
88.
沾河林区夏季森林鸟类群落结构研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
1990年5—6月在黑龙江省沾河林业局,通过路线调查法研究了该地区夏季森林鸟类群落的结构,旨在揭示鸟类群落的物种多样性在空间上的变化模式以及它与物种生态位的关系。研究结果表明,该地区不同鸟类群落的物种多样性的排列顺序为针阔混交林>阔叶林>灌丛>针叶林。鸟类群落的物种多样性存在着垂直变化。也随栖位而改变,并且这些变化在各鸟类群落中表现出不同的模式,在不同的鸟类群落中,5种常见鸟类(灰头鹀、大山雀、沼泽山雀、黄腰柳莺、黑眉苇莺)有不同的生态位宽度和生态位重叠。鸟类群落的物种多样性与群落中各物种生态位的平均宽度和重叠存在一定的相关关系。 相似文献
89.
1987年4月—7月,在同等立地条件下,对日本落叶松和长白落叶松无性系嫁接林分及未经嫁接的一般长白落叶松和日本落叶松林分生长情况进行对比调查,通过对这三种林分达到工艺成熟时(做坑木)的投入与产出进行预测分析。结果表明:嫁接林分达到工艺成熟时(做坑木),同未经嫁接的长白落叶松、日本落叶松相比。不仅可以提高单位面积木材产量和土地利用率,缩短轮伐期,还能解决日本落叶松种源不足问题,具有较大的经济效益。 相似文献
90.
本文描述了安远县林业土壤的分布规律及乌石嶂山的土壤类型和理化性质的垂直变化情况,重点分析了全县主要林业土壤类型的理化性状和林业生产情况,并对主要林业生产单位的土壤物理性质和肥力状况作了综合评价。 相似文献