基于WebGIS的森林旅游信息管理网站的构建

文章分析了旅游网站的现状、森林旅游的特点,介绍了基于WebGIS技术开发森林旅游信息管理网站的优势和系统设计方法。通过森林旅游网站的构建实现面向公众的森林旅游信息交流和面向管理部门的信息管理功能。     

浙江龙泉地区珍贵阔叶树种保护培育工作现状及对策

为了促进人与自然和谐相处,保障生态文明建设,应做好森林资源保护培育工作。通过分析浙江龙泉地区珍贵阔叶树种保护培育工作的现状及问题,提出相应的对策,以完善龙泉地区森林资源建设,促进林业可持续发展。     

Exploring tree diversity and stand structure of savanna woodlands in southeastern Sudan

Savanna woodlands in Sudan host great biodiversity, provide a plethora of ecosystem goods and services to local communities, and sustain numerous ecological functions. Although the importance of the Acacia trees in these areas is well known, up-to-date information about these woodlands' diversity is limited and changes in their woody vegetation composition, density, diversity and relative frequency are not monitored over time. This study explored tree diversity and stand stage structure in Nuara Reserved Forest, a typical savanna woodland ecosystem in southeastern Sudan. A total of 638 circular sample plots (1000 m² for each) were established using a systematic sampling grid method. The distance between plots was 200 m. In each plot, all living trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥5.00 cm were identified and counted, and their DBH values were recorded. From these data, tree composition, diversity, density and stage structure were assessed. There were 12,259 individual trees representing four species (Acacia seyal, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia Senegal and Acacia mellifera) that belong to two families. The dominant species was Acacia seyal. Average tree density was 191 trees/hm² and the Shannon-Weiner index for trees diversity was 0.204. Overall, young trees comprised 86.30% of the forest. The state of tree richness and density in the study area was low compared to other similar environments in the region and around the world. We recommended adoption of a proper management system that includes monitoring of woody vegetation diversity in this forest, and management actions to enhance tree diversity and sustain ecosystem services to local communities. In addition to care for the dominant Acacia seyal stands, more attention and conservation should be devoted to reestablishing Acacia senegal and Acacia mellifera trees because of their high ecological and economic values for local communities.     

黑龙江省水稻产业现状分析及未来发展思路

对黑龙江省水稻产业发展现状进行了小结,并针对黑龙江省水稻生产过程中存在问题提出了相应的对策。具体对策如下:有针对性的选育适于不同生态区域的优质、抗逆水稻新品种,并对新品种的轻简高效配套栽培技术进行研究;适时开展水稻直播关键技术集成与应用,及开展秸秆还田技术研究;开展稻米精加工技术研究。     

凤阳山不同林分土壤腐殖质特征及影响因素

以浙江省凤阳山海拔1 300~1 400 m处不同林分类型(阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、杉木林、竹林)为对象,测定不同土层土壤基本理化性质、酶活性及腐殖质质量分数,分析土壤腐殖质特征及影响因素,为凤阳山自然保护区的土壤肥力和可持续经营发展提供理论依据。结果表明:土壤腐殖质质量分数针阔混交林最高,阔叶混交林、竹林、杉木林次之;胡敏酸质量分数针阔混交林最高,杉木林最低;富里酸质量分数针阔混交林最高,竹林最低。除磷酸酶活性随土层加深无统一规律外,4种林分脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性及蔗糖酶活性土壤随土层加深皆呈现降低趋势。土壤pH值、土壤密度与土壤腐殖质质量分数、胡敏酸质量分数和富里酸质量分数均呈现显著的负相关;除磷酸酶活性相关性不显著外,土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙、非毛管孔隙与土壤腐殖质质量分数、胡敏酸质量分数和富里酸质量分数均呈现显著的正相关。凤阳山不同林分类型对土壤腐殖质特征的影响较土层深度更显著,土壤理化性质及酶活性与土壤腐殖质质量分数有着密切关系。     

运用植被指数时序特征对落叶松人工林分类

为探究植被指数时序特征是否有利于落叶松人工林提取,以孟家岗林场为研究试验区域,根据落叶松人工林季相和物候特征,利用Landsat8OLI影像数据提取研究区内5种植被的归一化植被指数(I NDV)、差值植被指数(I DV)、比值植被指数(I RV)、增强型植被指数(I EV),构建相应的植被指数时序特征。采用最大似然和随机森林两种方法对单一时相影像和加入植被指数时序特征的影像进行对比试验。结果表明:影像中加入植被指数时序特征后,最大似然算法的分类总体精度为89.53%,Kappa系数为0.87,比单一时序特征的影像分类精度提高了13.35%;随机森林算法的森林类型分类总体精度为93.22%,Kappa系数为0.92,比单一时序特征的影像分类精度提高了19.8%。因此,加入植被指数时序特征后能得到更高的落叶松人工林提取精度。     

周晓平(宁化县县属国有林场,福建,宁化365400)

近些年来宁化县非常注重高质量、高品位绿色发展要求,保护好绿水青山才能成就金山银山的经营理念不断向纵深推进,人们对乡土树种越来越倍加珍惜,因此急需加快乡土树种栽培与保护。本文从乡土树种林业内涵展开分析,阐述了乡土树种在宁化县生态恢复过程中的作用,主要从乡土树种具有生长快_^[1]、适应性强、病虫害少、用途多、改良土壤性强、森林植物群落多样性丰富、林分生产力强、再生繁衍能力强等方面深入探索,从而证明了乡土树种在树种优选方面的重要作用。     

Agroforestry techniques for the rehabilitation of degraded salt-affected lands in India

The development of appropriate technologies for the judicious use of India's 8.11 million ha of salt-affected lands would give increased food, fodder and fuelwood production. A sizeable portion of the salt-affected lands of the Indo-Gangetic plain have been reclaimed through chemical amendments and are being commercially used for arable farming. However, large areas of salt-affected common lands, village and government lands and waste lands near cities, along railway tracks and roads do not have any productive use. Owing to their sparse vegetative cover such lands are vulnerable to further degradation and can be a source of runoff causing floods, especially where cows congregate. Research at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal has generated agroforestry techniques which could enable the economic exploitation of such marginal lands. This paper deals with various aspects of these techniques, which have been applied to over 50 000 ha by 1994. Based on eight to ten years of growth and biomass figures, the most salt-tolerant woody species identified were: Prosopis juliflora, Acacia nilotica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Tamarix articulata, Leptochloa fusca (a palatable forage grass which was found to be a promising primary colonizer of salt lands). Agronomic practices for the successful establishment of trees such as planting methods, amendment use, irrigation, spacing and lopping schedules are discussed. A Prosopis juliflora-leptochloa fusca silvipastoral model was found to be excellent for fuelwood and forage production and for the amelioration of high pH soils. This system, when followed for little more than four years, reclaims alkali soils to such an extent that normal agriculture crops such as Trifolium alexandrinum and T. resupinatum can be grown successfully. A ridge-trench system of tree planting was found to be helpful in alkali soils, the in situ rainwater conservation it led to assisting biomass production. Eucalyptus tereticornis, Populus deltoides and Tectona grandis based agroforestry were promising for reclaimed salt-affected lands. The short- and long-term effects of various tree plantations on the physicochemical properties of the soil and on soil-water relations are also discussed. Agroforestry options for the development of salt-affected lands found in various agroclimatic zones of India are explored.     

数字林业在天然林保护工程中的应用研究

本文阐述了数字林业的概念及涵义,指出其最初的切入点是国家林业局提出的六大林业生态工程。针对天然林保护工程的现状,提出用数字林业技术解决其存在的问题,构建了基于3S技术的天然林保护工程管理地理信息系统,使天然林保护工程的管理步入规范化、科学化、现代化的轨道。     

新时期森林资源保护存在的问题与解决对策

森林资源作为国家的重要自然资源,不仅能够创造经济效益,还可以调节整个生态系统.伴随公众环保意识的日益增强,森林资源保护工作受到了社会的广泛关注,国家也采取了一系列措施加强森林资源的保护管理.然而从现实来看森林资源保护工作仍面临着不少问题需要解决.为此,就当前森林资源保护管理存在的主要问题进行了分析,探讨了有效的应对策略...