南方菜地辣椒主要病虫害综合防治技术

本文较为系统地总结了我国南方及长江中下游地区,辣椒秋延晚栽培的主要病虫害综合防治技术及其措施,坚持以农业防治和生物防治为主,化学防治为辅,生态调控与物理防治相结合,在无公害辣椒大面积生产中逐步实现病虫害的可持续治理。     

西宁市郊森林资源规划设计调查

森林资源规划设计调查(简称"二类调查")是以县级行政范围或国有林业局(场)为单位,以满足森林经营、编制森林经营方案、总体设计和县级林业区划、规划等需要进行的森林资源调查。本文主要对调查成果及今后发展对策提出意见。     

Problems of implementing compulsory integrated pest management

Compulsory integrated pest management poses a number of challenges and issues for debate. Some of are discussed with reference to European Union requirements set out in Annex III of Directive 128/2009. Requirements on the use of plant protection products bring with them problems with dose reduction in the light of a resistance prevention strategy, the lack of threshold levels, the necessity of chemical treatments and the limited availability of effective products of biological origin. Use of preventive measures of pest control faces barriers related to profitability and a lack of knowledge on the part of farmers. Challenges to control the system, as well as the fact that some legally enforced rules are not suitable for all crops, seem also to be an issue. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

中国水稻害虫治理对策的演变及其展望

本文简要回顾了中国水稻害虫的变迁、相应的对策演变,从中了解、总结害虫发生与人类治虫对策之间的因果渊源,指出只有师法自然、通过生态工程实施生态治理技术才能持续双赢。     

甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定及其田间试验

采用气相色谱仪(GC)及气质联用仪(GC-MS)等技术对我国甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定结果表明,雌蛾性信息素腺体中含有4种组分,分别为Z9,E12-14:Ac(A)、Z9-14:OH(B)、Z9-14:Ac(C)和Z9,E12-14:OH(D);田间和室内种群各组分的比例(A:B:C:D)分别为47:18:18:17和43:18:23:16,比例及滴度在两种群间未有显著差异;雄蛾田间引诱测定表明,组分A、B显示性信息素活性。几种不同配比的硅橡胶塞诱芯在田间均显示极高的诱蛾活性,以9:1的AB二元诱芯(剂量100μg)最高,其诱蛾量与黑光灯相当,两者呈显著的正相关性,表明该诱芯可替代黑光灯用于甜菜夜蛾的种群测报。利用性诱捕器进行田间种群监测显示,1999年浙江省慈溪市的甜菜夜蛾共发生6代,以第4、5代发生量最高。     

荔枝害虫群落结构及其动态研究

依据软件工程学的原理,采用结构化分析与结构化设计和面向对象设计的方法研制出的植检害虫图文信息及鉴定辅助系统ＰＱ－ＩＮＦＯＲＭＩＳ,是一个融我国对外检疫性害虫的图文信息与种类鉴定专门知识于一体的实用性较强的微机应用系统。其中,检疫害虫图文信息系统ＰＱ－ＩＮＦＯＲＭ包括昆虫计５７种１属,乃用ＷＤＢａｓｅ为主要工具开发;     

5种微生物杀虫剂对3种水稻主要害虫的室内毒力比较及致死表型观察

为发展水稻害虫的绿色防控技术,本研究采用浸渍法比较了5种微生物杀虫剂(苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis、短稳杆菌Empedobacter brevis、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana、金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421和甘蓝夜蛾Mamestra brassicae核型多角体病毒)对3种水稻主要害虫(二化螟Chilo suppressalis、稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens)的室内毒力及致死表型。结果表明,在田间推荐中剂量处理条件下,5种药剂对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫均具有较好的速效性,处理后第2天幼虫的校正死亡率(46.7%～86.7%)就显著高于对照组(0%),第5天稻纵卷叶螟幼虫校正死亡率可达到85.7%～100%,均极显著高于二化螟的校正死亡率(4.76%～23.81%),二化螟第6天时的校正死亡率为25.0%～55.0%。对褐飞虱若虫,金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421的速效性和毒力均优于球孢白僵菌,经金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421处理后2 d的存活...     

Applying Local Measures of Spatial Heterogeneity to Landsat-TM Images for Predicting Wildfire Occurrence in Mediterranean Landscapes

In mountainous Mediterranean regions, land abandonment processes in past decades are hypothesized to trigger secondary vegetal succession and homogenization, which in recent years has increased the size of burned areas. We conducted an analysis of temporal changes in landscape vegetal spatial pattern over a 15-year period (1984–1998) in a rural area of 672.3 km² in Eastern Spain to investigate the relationship between local landscape heterogeneity and wildfire occurrence. Heterogeneity was analyzed from textural metrics derived from non-classified remote sensing data at several periods, and was related to wildfire history in the study area. Several neural network models found significant relationships between local spatial pattern and future fire occurrence. In this study, sensitivity analysis of the texture variables suggested that fire occurrence, estimated as probability of burning in the near future, increased where local homogeneity was higher.     

家蚕谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶研究进展

谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶在内外源有毒物质的代谢中起着重要作用。家蚕既是重要的经济昆虫,也是重要的模式生物。家蚕作为鳞翅目昆虫的模式生物,研究家蚕谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶,对于阐明谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶与杀虫剂抗性的关系,防治农林害虫有着重要的理论意义。本文就谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶在家蚕中的研究现状作了归纳,希望对今后谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的研究能有所帮助。     

基于PDA的草原鼠害数据采集系统的开发

为提高草原鼠害监测的规范性、数据采集效率和数据传输的实时性,本文分析了当前数据采集的特点,以C#为开发工具,将PDA、GPS、XML等技术综合集成进行基于PDA的草原鼠害数据采集系统的研发,开发出空间采集法、定点采集法、定面积捕尽法和铗日采集法等应用工具软件,实现了草原害鼠数据采集的半自动化,改变了传统野外数据采集方式,提高了工作效率。