How pollution legacies and land use histories shape post-communist forest cover trends in the Western Carpathians

Forests that encompass the border triangle of Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia currently suffer from centuries of inadequate forest management strategies, including overexploitation during the countries’ respective communist regimes and high stress levels due to airborne emissions from heavy industry. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain, each country has approached forest monitoring, protection and the improvement of forest conditions in its own way. Spaceborne remote sensing of forest changes across country borders offers great potential for better understanding the underlying drivers of change and for developing comparable indicators between countries.     

Are gullies best for biodiversity? An empirical examination of Australian wet forest types

A relatively common observation in forest environments has been that gullies support higher species richness and individual abundance than elsewhere in the landscape. We completed a detailed case study of birds to contrast species richness and assemblage composition between gullies and other parts of the topography of landscapes in three closely related and spatially adjacent wet ash forest types – those dominated by Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans), Alpine Ash (E. delegatensis) or Shining Gum (E. nitens) – in the Central Highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. We also quantified the influence of a wide range of other measures of stand structure and plant species composition on the bird assemblage and on individual bird species.     

Derivation of a spatially explicit 86-year retrospective carbon budget for a landscape undergoing conversion from old-growth to managed forests on Vancouver Island,BC

To understand the influence of disturbance, age–class structure, and land use on landscape-level carbon (C) budgets during conversion of old-growth forests to managed forests, a spatially explicit, retrospective C budget from 1920 through 2005 was developed for the 2500 ha Oyster River area of Fluxnet-Canada's coastal BC Station. We used the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3), an inventory-based model, to simulate forest C dynamics. A current (circa 1999) forest inventory for the area was compiled, then overlaid with digitized historic disturbance maps, a 1919 timber cruise map, and a series of historic orthophotographs to generate a GIS coverage of forest cover polygons with unique disturbance histories dating back to 1920. We used the combined data from the historic and current inventory and forest change data to first estimate initial ecosystem C stocks and then to simulate forest dynamics and C budgets for the 86-year period. In 1920, old-growth forest dominated the area and the long-term landscape-level net ecosystem C balance (net biome productivity, NBP) was a small sink (NBP 0.2 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). From 1930 to 1945 fires, logging, and slash burning resulted in large losses of biomass C, emissions of C to the atmosphere, and transfers of C from biomass to detritus and wood products (NBP ranged from −3 to −56 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). Live biomass C stocks slowly recovered following this period of high disturbance but the area remained a C source until the mid 1950s. From 1960 to 1987 disturbance was minimal and the area was a C sink (NBP ranged from 3 to 6 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). As harvest of second-growth forest began in late 1980s, disturbances again dominated the area's C budget, partially offset by ongoing C uptake by biomass in recovering young forests such that the C balance varied from positive to negative depending upon the area disturbed that year (NBP from 6 to −15 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). Despite their high productivity, the area's forests are not likely to attain C densities of the landscape prior to industrial logging because the stands will not reach pre-logging ages. Additional work is underway to examine the relative role historic climate variability has had on the landscape-level C budget.     

四明山国家森林公园游客游憩动机

【目的】研究四明山国家森林公园游客游憩动机类型及差异,为四明山国家森林公园旅游产品升级转型提供科学依据。【方法】采用问卷调查法对四明山国家森林公园游客游憩动机进行实地调研,利用SPSS22.0软件对问卷调查结果开展描述统计分析、探索性因子分析、均值计算、独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析,使用AMOS21.0软件进行验证性因子分析。【结果】四明山国家森林公园游客的5个游憩动机均值表现为健康放松4.37>社会交往4.03>学习教育3.96>自我实现3.86>逃避压力3.79;不同学历游客在逃避压力动机上存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同职业游客在学习教育、自我实现以及逃避压力动机上均存在显著差异(P<0.05),不同家庭年收入的游客在学习教育、社会交往及健康放松动机上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。【结论】健康放松是四明山国家森林公园游客体验森林游憩活动的首要驱动因素,其次为社会交往、学习教育和自我实现,而逃避压力位居最后。在维护森林生态安全前提下,建议四明山国家森林公园开发森林康养、森林研学、森林度假、森林养老和森林体育等旅游产品。     

“一带一路”背景下中国林产品贸易发展的策略分析

"一带一路"倡议的提出为中国林产品贸易发展带来新机遇的同时,也是对中国林产品贸易的一次挑战。本文以"一带一路"倡议作为研究背景,首先对中国林产品贸易的发展进行概述;其次深入分析"一带一路"对中国林产品贸易发展带来的深刻影响,并利用SWOT分析方法系统阐述了中国林产品贸易在"一带一路"倡议背景下的发展优势、劣势、机会和威胁;最后,基于上述分析提出了中国林产品贸易发展的新策略,旨在推动中国林产品贸易实现健康、稳定发展。     

云南省师宗县森林资源评价与林业发展建议

基于"3S"技术,采用总体蓄积抽样控制、小班调查、消耗量调查等方法,查清了师宗县各类土地面积和各类森林蓄积、林木和林地资源的种类、数量、质量,落实了森林分类经营区划,对调查数据动态变化进行了分析,提出了加强天然林保护、商品林多功能经营、发展林下经济和生态旅游等林业发展建议。     

河南省林种结构调整的研究

根据１９９３年省森林资源清查、森林资源消耗量及消耗结构的调查资料，以可持续发展的理论为指导，采用线性规划对我省的林种结构进行了研究。研究结果：河南省现阶段的林种结构应为：用材林∶防护林∶经济林∶薪炭林∶特用林＝３４９∶１５９∶２３７∶２１１∶４４。     

森林生态资源配置中的市场失灵及其对策

森林生态系统是地球上最大的陆地生态系统。森林生态体系建设中的公益林,具有公共物品非排他性和非排斥性的特征,由此带来的外在性是市场失灵的一个重要因素,它将导致生态资源配置的长期低效。只有较好地化解市场失灵,才能有效地协调生态效益与经济效益,确保我国森林生态体系建设的优质与高效。本文通过对森林生态建设中市场失灵的分析,提出了产权结合,科斯定理,生态质量等级价格等对策,以修正市场的部分失灵。并探讨了木材价格变动对生态供给的影响,进而提出当木材价格变动时应适时调整生态质量价格,以保证有效的生态供给     

县级森林资源地理信息系统应用研究

利用县级森林资源调查成果资料,在ＶｉｅｗＧＩＳ支撑下,建立森林资源地理信息系统。该系统可以广泛地应用于森林资源档案管理,造林规划设计,营林作业设计,病虫害的预报和防治,森林火险预警等,为林业主管部门的森林资源动态监测和经营管理提供了和种更有效的工具。     

落叶栎林对森林火灾的影响分析

根据落叶栎林的特点,着重分析了落叶栎林与森林火灾的关系,结果表明,落叶栎林不仅存在着较强的潜在地表火,而且存在着潜在树冠火危险,是栎林火灾的最大隐患之一。同时还简要分析了栎类由于长期的自然适应而对森林火灾产生的抗火机制。