林区公路冰湖的防治

在社会主义现代化建设速发展的今天,林区的建设事业突飞猛进,为了解决公路病害给林区的建设事业带来的影响,本文对林区公路“冰湖”的治理进行了讨论。     

基于不同尺度样地的森林面积估算对比分析1）--以鞍山市为例

研究一类调查与二类调查的差异,分析现有森林资源样地调查方式的效率和误差,对比分析调整样地数量和样地面积大小后对市级区域森林面积估算的精度。以鞍山市为研究区,以二类调查小班数据为基础,以现行4 km×8 km样地间隔的标准样地数量为最大样本量,分析了在样方边长分别为25、30、250 m,1、2、3、4 km与样地数量分别为现行数量的1／2、1／3、1／4和1／5等情况下样地估算森林面积总体的精度。结果表明：样地面积越大,像元的混合度越大;现行抽样方式精度较高,误差仅为0．65％;当样地数量为现有样地数量的1／2,样地大小为2 km×2 km时,是较为准确估算鞍山市森林面积值的最佳抽样方式,误差为02．9％;虽然采样率为1／3,边长为3 km和4 km方式的精度更高,但是调查的面积更大。     

森林资源信息管理系统中统计技术的研讨

森林资源分布区域广、树木种类多、经营目标多种多样、数据量大，森林资源数据的统计及各种复杂报表的输出，是森林资源信息管理系统研建的重要部分。本文就森林资源信息管理系统研建中，实现森林资源数据高效、快速统计的技术方法进行研讨。     

硬质早熟禾群落生物量初步研究

研究了硬质熟禾群落６月和７月份生物量，研究结果表明，６、７月份地上生物量分别为８４．８４，８８．４４ｇ／ｍ＾２，地下生物量分别是１５９．０，２２０．６ｇ／ｍ＾２。     

Climate change and nature conservation in Central European forests: A review of consequences, concepts and challenges

With a predicted rise in average global surface temperature at an unprecedented rate, as well as changes in precipitation and disturbance regimes, climate change will bring forth new challenges for nature conservation in forest ecosystems. Species and habitats to be protected will be affected as well as related concepts and area specific objectives. Climate change impacts are likely to be aggravated by other anthropogenic stresses such as fragmentation, deposition or habitat destruction. To be reliable and effective, current objectives and guidelines of forest conservation need to be reassessed and improved. Our study analyses possible impacts of climate change on forests and identifies key future challenges for nature conservation in forests and ecosystem research. We reviewed 130 papers on climate change impacts on forest ecosystems and species published between 1995 and 2010. The geographical focus of the study is Central Europe. Papers were analysed accounting for direct and indirect impacts of gradual changes as well as stochastic disturbance events in forest ecosystems and their possible consequences for nature conservation.Even though broader aspects of nature conservation (protected areas, biodiversity) are frequently mentioned, little attention is given to forest-specific nature conservation. Particular aspects are insufficiently represented, such as the influence of climate change on different forest succession stages, the development of dead wood volume and quality, responses of secondary broadleaved species, azonal or extrazonal forests as well as ancient woodlands or remnants of historical silvicultural systems. Challenges arise in the context of great uncertainties about future developments. Nature conservation concepts and objectives in forests need to be adapted either within a permanent evaluation process or through the inclusion of further changes a priori, even if they are to some extent unpredictable. In some cases adaptation measures within nature conservation (e.g. adjusting protected areas) may conflict with interests of other stakeholders. Further research, particularly on interrelations between different impacts and the adaptive capacity of current forest ecosystems, associated species and existing genotypes is urgently needed. The scale and complexity of the task at hand calls for the establishment and further strengthening of international research networks.     

烤烟种植规模与经济性状的关系分析——以江西崇仁为例

为给崇仁县烟农适度种植规模提供理论参考,对崇仁县2013年烟农的种植规模和烤后烟叶经济性状进行描述统计、相关分析和聚类分析。结果表明:种植规模和经济性状在烟农之间存在着广泛的变异。单户烟农种植规模与上等烟比例呈显著正相关,与中等烟比例之间呈显著负相关,与单位面积产值、单位面积产量之间存在显著正相关,和均价呈正相关。在崇仁县现阶段的生产水平下,烟农种植规模集中在2.334~2.413 hm 2范围内,烟农的种烟综合经济效益较高。     

云南林木真菌病害研究(Ⅰ)

报道了云南林木真菌病害２３种,其中：国内新记录４种,云南省内新记录１１种,云南省内已知种新分布８种．前者有描述,其余以名录列后,拟供植保和植检工作参考．     

Forest floor temperature and relative humidity following timber harvesting in southern New England,USA

Forest amphibians, especially salamanders, prefer forests with shaded, cool, and moist forest floors. Timber harvesting opens the forest canopy and exposes the forest floor to direct sunlight, which can increase forest floor temperatures and reduce soil moisture. These microclimatic changes can potentially degrade the harvested stand for amphibian habitat or affect other biotic resources or ecological processes at the forest floor and in the understory. The degree of forest floor disturbance is directly related to the intensity of harvesting, however, the duration of this effect is unknown. We conducted a study of forest floor temperature and relative humidity over a 12-year chronosequence (1993–2004) of timber harvests. We compared simultaneous, paired measurements of temperature and relative humidity at three positions (soil, forest floor, air) in harvested and control sites over three seasonal survey sessions. Vegetation composition and structure were measured at each survey location. Ambient weather conditions were recorded at three open-field locations across the study area.     

Short-term responses of soil decomposer and plant communities to stump harvesting in boreal forests

Recently, in addition to logging residues, stumps have become an important component in energy production since there is growing global interest in the use of renewable energy sources in order to decrease anthropogenic carbon emissions. Harvesting of stumps influences the forest floor by changing vegetation and soil organic layers and exposing mineral soil across large areas. We studied whether stump harvesting after clear felling poses further short-term changes in boreal forest soil decomposer community (microbes and mesofauna) and vegetation when compared to the traditional site preparation practice (mounding). In general, stump harvesting caused decline in enchytraeid abundance but did not induce further major changes in decomposer community otherwise nor in vegetation of each soil micro-habitat (intact soil and exposed mineral soil). However, the abundances of almost all decomposer animals were lower in the exposed mineral soil than in the intact soil. Stump removal increased the area of exposed mineral soil in the clear felled areas, leading to lower amount of high quality habitat for most decomposer organisms. Hence, it is obvious that there are (or will be) differences in the decomposer community dynamics between the treatments at the forest stand level. Both species richness and coverage of plants benefitted from large-scale exposure of mineral soil. Because the stump removal procedure disturbs soil organic layers and negatively affects the decomposer community, it has the potential to alter nutrient dynamics in forests.     

Pocono mesic till barrens in retreat: topography,fire and forest contagion effects

The Pocono mesic till barrens (PMTB) are a unique assemblage of fire-maintained shrub communities that support numerous rare species. Historically these barrens covered a large area in the vicinity of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, USA. However, due largely to regional fire suppression instituted in the early 1960s, over 70% of the area covered by barrens succeeded to fire-intolerant forest that does not support the rare species. We investigated the influence of forest proximity on barrens succession across three geomorphic types during periods of high fire frequency and fire suppression, testing the hypothesis that forest processes such as seed rain, shading, and detrital enrichment of soils enhances barrens succession through a contagion effect. Evidence of a forest contagion effect should be shown by increased rates of barrens succession with increasing proximity to the nearest forest edge. In order to detect a forest contagion effect, barrens persistence and barrens succession were modeled in proximity zones of 0-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-200 m, and greater than 200 m from the nearest forest edge. We used existing GIS data layers for fire, geomorphology, and vegetation distribution in 1938, 1963, and 1992. The layers were modified and overlain using ArcView software to determine persistence and succession rates for each unique combination of layers in each proximity zone from 1938 to 1963 (pre-fire suppression) and 1963 to 1992 (post-fire suppression). ANCOVA results indicate that proximity to the nearest forest edge significantly affected barrens persistence rates in both time periods, but succession rates were significantly affected in 1938 to 1963 only. Twenty-eight percent of the 1938 barrens succeeded to forest by 1963; 56% of the 1963 barrens became forest by 1992. Results support previous findings that barrens persistence is enhanced by increased fire frequency, and that barrens persist longer where they overlie flat glacial till than on other geomorphology types.