Herbage intake,milk production and sward utilization of dairy cows grazing grass/white clover swards at low,medium and high allowances

Abstract

Herbage intake (HI), milk production and sward utilization of Norwegian Red Cattle dairy cows in mid-lactation, rotationally grazing grass/white clover swards at low, medium and high allowances (HA), were examined in three experiments (I, II and III). The daily target allowances per cow were 18 and 36 kg DM in Experiment I and 12, 18, and 24 kg DM in Experiments II and III. The cows were grazing in groups of seven (Experiments II and III) to ten (I) individuals. The proportions of white clover in the swards averaged 12%, 40% and 46% in Experiments I, II and III, respectively. In addition to pasture, the cows were fed concentrate mixtures in varying amounts (0–6.8 kg) with the highest amounts offered to the highest yielding cows. HI was estimated using the n-alkane technique. No effect of HA on HI was obtained in Experiment I. In Experiment II, and for II and III combined, there was a significant positive effect of HA on HI. The average increase in HI was 0.24 kg DM per extra kg DM on offer. The utilization of the sward (measured at 3 cm above ground level) decreased from 72% at the lowest HA to 51% at the highest HA in Experiment II and III. HA did not affect milk yield or milk composition significantly (P>0.05).     

Efficiencies of Chemical Techniques for Rice Grain Freshness Analysis

Two chemical methods which are commonly used for rice grain freshness determination were investigated for their efficiencies.Method 1 is made of bromothymol blue indicator,and the principle is based on indicator’s color which is changed in according to pH of the stored rice grains.Method 2 is based on peroxidase activity which deteriorates during storage of rice grains.Both methods were used for determination of fresh-aged rice index of six Thai-rice cultivars,four from non-waxy rice cultivars (KDML 105,Chai Nat 1,Chai Nat 2 and Phitsanulok 2) and two from waxy rice cultivars (San-pah-tawng and RD6).Rice samples were kept in the forms of paddy and polished rice.Fresh-aged rice indices were determined using both methods every two weeks over the storage period of 24 weeks (six months).It was found that both methods were capable of detecting fresh-aged rice indices.The color of chemical solutions changed with regards to the age of rice grains and it could be detected spectrophotometrically.Rice grains which have been kept as paddy provided more consistent results.Method 1 is recommended for industrial application as it is simple,efficient and inexpensive.     

马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒检测技术比较与选择

马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒(PSTVd)是威胁我国马铃薯生产的重要病害之一,目前有多种技术可应用于PSTVd的检测,如生物学方法、电子显微镜技术、往返聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(R-PAGE)、核酸斑点杂交(NASH)、RT-PCR和FQ RT-PCR。这些方法各有利弊,互相补充,构成了PSTVd的检测技术体系。日常工作中,应根据自身条件及目的等科学地选择适宜的检测技术,确保脱毒种薯/种苗的质量。     

水稻栽培技术措施对稻米品质的影响

稻米品质与水稻栽培技术措施是否得当有着直接关系,稻米已成为人们生活中的主食,其质量关系到人们的生活质量,因此必须解决水稻栽培技术对稻米品质的影响。研究表明,早育苗早插秧可提高精米率,降低整精米率而提高糊化温度、粗蛋白质、使胶稠度变硬。晚育苗,晚插秧,则稻米品质结果则相反。插秧方式过密、株行距过小,会导致糙米率、精米率、整精米率下降,垩白率增加,直链淀粉含量及胶稠度有所提高,蛋白质含量下降而米质变差。科学施肥既能提高稻米外观品质,又能改善食味品质,防治杂草及防治病虫害是提高稻米品质的重要技术措施,灌溉水质关系到稻米品质的优劣,收获时期与方法、仓储技术都会对稻米品质产生一定的影响。因此水稻栽培技术对稻米品质的影响不容忽视。本文从水稻育苗、移栽、施肥、除草、防治病虫、灌溉、收获、仓储等技术措施,对稻米品质影响加以简述,仅供生产优质稻米参考。     

分子印迹技术及其在天然产物固相萃取中的应用

文中综述了分子印迹技术(MIT)的原理,分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)的制备方法,以及在天然产物固相萃取中的研究现状。     

生态事件监测与预警研究进展

生态事件指由于自然、生物因素异常或人类活动干扰,引发生态系统的结构失衡,导致生态环境功能失调,造成严重生态后果的事件。随着经济的发展,人们对生态环境质量越来越关注。当前我国正处在生态事件频发,生态事件减灾技术研究正遭遇瓶颈的关键时期。对生态事件进行监测与预警是预防生态事件发生、减少生态事件危害的有效手段。该研究对我国生态事件监测与预警研究进行了综述,对生态事件概念进行了辨析,并且提出了构造生态事件监测与预警标准体系的框架,为构造区域性、多事件的生态事件监测与预警综合平台提供了理论参考。     

明菊1号选育·特征特性·高产栽培技术

[目的]介绍高产、高糖苷含量的甜叶菊(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)新品种明菊1号。[方法]对高糖苷含量甜叶菊新品种明菊1号的选育过程、特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术要点进行综述。[结果]2011年通过安徽省非主要农作物品种鉴定登记委员会审定,命名为明菊1号。在安徽明光等地种植,平均产量约为3 270 kg/hm2,比守田2号(CK)增产11.5%。总甜菊糖苷含量占干叶重11%以上,RA3含量超过70%。[结论]该研究可为明菊1号的推广应用提供理论论据。     

遥感技术在土壤侵蚀调查中的应用进展

运用遥感技术进行土壤侵蚀调查是目前环境领域研究的热点问题之一.作为土壤侵蚀最严重的国家之一,自20世纪70年代以来我国就开始利用遥感技术进行土壤侵蚀的调查研究.该研究在综述国内外运用遥感技术研究土壤侵蚀的基础上,从目视判读法、经验统计模型法、核示踪法和指数提取法4个方面概述了不同遥感方法在土壤侵蚀调查中存在的优缺点,并且结合当前遥感技术在土壤侵蚀调查中存在的问题,指出未来研究的重点.     

作物蒸发蒸腾量计算方法研究与展望

详细介绍了作物蒸发蒸腾量计算的常规方法如水文学方法、微气象学法、植物生理学法和新兴方法如遥感法、BP神经网络法和小波变换分析方法。同时,介绍了各种方法的基本原理、计算方法和各自适用条件。最后,简要分析了传统方法存在的问题,并对一些新方法做出展望。     

烤烟“井窖式”移栽技术推广总结

"井窖式"移栽技术在地膜覆盖或露地栽培的基础上,融合了小苗移栽技术、深栽技术,能较好地营造适宜烟苗生长的微环境,实现了减工降本、提质增效。综述了该移栽技术的主要优势及推广过程中出现的问题,并提出了相关对策。