栽培方式对“绿旱1号”产量、水分利用效率及生产成本的影响

采用大田随机区组设计研究了栽培方式对“绿旱1号”产量、水分利用效率及生产成本的影响。结果表明：在同期育秧、同期移栽的情况下,地膜覆盖旱栽产量最高,较水栽(CK)增产6.5%,增产达显著水平;直播栽培较育苗移栽生育期缩短15～25d,产量较水栽减产9.2%以上,减产达显著水平;“绿旱1号”进行旱作栽培水分利用率高,节水效果好,其中地膜旱栽的灌溉水生产效率、水分利用率最高,分别是水栽的8.3倍、3.2倍;各处理纯收入由高到低的顺序为手工旱撒播＞手工旱条播＞露地手工栽插＞地膜覆盖＞秸秆覆盖＞手工水栽。因此,在水分缺乏、劳力紧张的地区,“绿旱一号”生产上宜采用旱撒播栽培方式。     

福建武夷山国家级自然保护区木兰科植物资源初探

采用实地调查的方法,分析福建武夷山国家级自然保护区木兰科植物的分布规律;并通过查阅相关文献,介绍了该区木兰科植物的开发价值及园林用途。     

也谈会计委派制

阐述会计委派制的概念、作用和模式,提出完善会计委派制的措施。     

不同干扰程度对巴音温都尔沙漠球果白刺灌丛空间格局影响的研究

球果白刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)作为巴音温都尔沙漠的重要建群种,具有很高的饲用价值和防风固沙作用。为了探究巴音温都尔沙漠球果白刺在不同干扰程度下灌丛空间格局分布的差异,通过每公顷放牧骆驼的数量来划定不同干扰程度的群落(未干扰群落,骆驼0峰/hm^2;轻度干扰群落,骆驼约0.6峰/hm^2;中度干扰群落,骆驼约1峰/hm^2),分析不同干扰程度对球果白刺灌丛空间点格局分布的影响。结果表明:(1)群落内的球果白刺现存量干重从大到小依次为未干扰的群落(73.33 g/m^2)>轻度干扰的群落(17.67 g/m^2)>中度干扰的群落(13.58 g/m^2);空斑总面积从大到小依次为中度干扰的群落(2 335 m^2)>轻度干扰的群落(2 241.25 m^2)>未干扰的群落(2 143 m^2)。(2)样方内的球果白刺数量从多到少依次为中度干扰的群落(459株)>轻度干扰的群落(272株)>未干扰的群落(142株),随着干扰程度的降低,个体在逐渐增大。(3)中度干扰的球果白刺群落内,在0~3 m、4~19 m的尺度内表现为随机分布,在3~4 m、19~25 m的尺度内表现为聚集分布。轻度干扰的球果白刺群落内,在0~12 m、13~25 m的尺度内表现为随机分布,在12~13 m的尺度内表现为聚集分布。未干扰的群落内,球果白刺表现为随机分布。     

合肥市居住区居民户外活动与绿地环境的关系

通过调查合肥市3个居住区组团绿地空间中居民的活动和期望,分析居民活动与绿地空间的密切关系,探索提出与居民活动相适应的人性化绿地模式。结果表明:人们有很强烈的休闲期望,其中以休息、活动身体和呼吸新鲜空气为最主要。绿地空间的活动也较为多样,以休息与散步为主,且居民活动与空间的性质、功能和设施有关。功能越多样,活动越丰富,满意度越高。同时,结合合肥市居住区居民户外活动与绿地环境的关系具体调查结果对绿地空间现状及存在的问题做出分析,在此基础上提出3个相应的绿地空间设计模式。       

Nest site selection of white-naped crane （Grus vipio） at Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang, China

White-naped crane （Grus vipio） is a globally threatened spe- cies. It is very important to analyze its nest site selection in circum- stances where there are multiple disturbances, and also helpful to accu- mulate valuable information about this threatened species and supply scientific suggestions for conservation and management. We studied nest site selection and the effects of environmental variables on nesting habits of white-naped crane at Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Qiqihar City, Heilongiiang, China, during March-May of 2002-2008. White-naped crane responded and adapted to changes in the quality of the spatial environments of landscape and microhabitat under multiple environ- mental disturbances. Nest site selection included two scales and two choices, namely the choice of nest site habitat type within the macro-habitat scale and nest site micro-habitat selection within the mi- cro-habitat scale. Nest sites were recorded only in reed marshes. The choice of nest site micro-habitat included three basic elements and six factors, namely incubation element （nest parameters factor, incubation temperature factor and incubation humidity factor）, safety element （pro- tection factor and concealment factor）, and food element （water factor）. Water, remnant reed clusters, and fire were major resource management challenges during the breeding period for the white-naped crane in this Reserve.     

辽宁小麦种植方式现状及发展

目前辽宁省以小麦为前茬的麦复粮油菜种植技术有了很大的发展，８０：８０、８０：１００、８０：１２０的米麦间复套种成为主要的种植方式。为了争取农时并获得全年增产，应改革播种技术，解决间复套种与农业机械的配合问题。今后还应加强复种技术的研究，加强中早熟作物品种的选育工作，以解决辽宁省麦粮复种下茬作物产量较低的问题。     

稻螟蛉幼虫空间分布型的研究

在第3，4代稻螟蛉幼虫盛发期，测定了田间幼虫空间分布格局。其水平分布属于聚集分布中的奈曼分布，垂直分布幼虫多集中在稻株中上部叶片。     

桔园柿广翅蜡蝉卵块空间分布图式

柿广翅蜡蝉在某些柑桔产区新上升为主要害虫。我们于1986年7月间在宜昌柑桔产区对其卵块分布图式进行了调查,通过10组资料分析,得如下结果:(1)由比较频次法测得卵块在桔园呈负二项或截尾负二项分布。(2)由聚集强度测定方法测得卵块在桔园呈聚集分布图式,其分布的基本成份是疏松的个体群,个体群的分布是聚集的,个体内的分布是随机的。(3)由 IwaoM~*指标法求得个体群大小为1～3株(10组资料平均为1.7株)桔树所占面积。(4)由 Blackich 的λ值测得,卵块密度大于6的9组资料其聚集是由于卵块自身聚集行为习性造成(由成虫产卵行为决定),或某些环境因子作用引起。而有一组密度为2.4的资料,其聚集可能完全由于某些环境条件的作用而引起。     

The Effects of Intercrop Spacing Patterns on the Silage Yield of Maize and Soybean

The effects of intercrop spacing patterns on the silage yields of both maize (lea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) were examined from 1985 to 1987. Dwarf maize was intercropped with nonnodulatmg or nodulating soybean in the spacing patterns, S_40same (two crops in the same row, 40 cm row width) and S_20ait or S_40ak (two crops in alternate rows, 20 cm or 40 cm row width, respectively). Tall maize was intercropped with nodulating soybean in S_40sames S_40alt and S_40pair (maize in 40 cm paired rows, soybean rows 20 cm outside each maize row and 80 cm from the next set of four rows) at 0 or 60 kg N ha⁻¹ and at population densities of 67% maize: 67% soybean or 50 % maize: 50% soybean. Maize and soybean were also intercropped and stripcropped on a farm-scale. The only difference between intercrops arranged in the same rows versus those in alternate rows was that the average soybean protein yields were higher in S_40same than in S_40alt. In 1986, the S_40alt maize-soybean intercrops produced higher maize yields, total biomass yields and Land Equivalent Ratios (LERs) than in S_40pirs, and in 1987, these responses were higher in intercrops than in stripcrops. In 1986, at 0 kg N ha⁻¹, the soybean biomass and protein yields were lower in S_40alt, than in S_40pairs and in 1987, these responses were lower in intercrops than in stripcrops.