压缩秸秆物理特征分析研究

分析了生物质秸秆资源的国内利用现状,通过检测得出了实验结论：秸秆压块的含水率4．74％,比重o．86×10^-6m^3／g,热值19．49kJ／g与原煤热值相近。并探讨了秸秆代替原煤当作新能源综合利用的可行性,指出了农作物桔杆综合利用是农业发展循环经济的一个重要方面,是实现全面、协调、可持续发展、建设社会主义新农村的具体要求。     

荷花的利用价值分析

荷花是一种重要的水生植物,其根、茎、花、果都有很高的价值。文章对荷花的生长习性、食用价值、药用价值、观赏价值及生态价值进行了系统分析,以期为荷花的综合利用与开发提供参考。     

Identification and verification of quantitative trait loci for eating and cooking quality of rice (Oryza sativa)

This study was conducted to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have stable effects for eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice. Three recombinant inbred line populations of indica rice were each planted in two years. Three traits for ECQ, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and alkali spreading value (ASV), were measured for QTL analysis. A total of 13 QTLs were detected, including four for AC, six for ASV and three for GC. Two QTLs, qGC4 in the interval RM16252–RM335 on the short arm of chromosome 4 and qGC6.2 in the Alk region, were validated in a population derived from a residual heterozygote that was homozygous at the major locus Wx. In the absence of segregation at the Wx locus, qGC4 and qGC6.2 had additive effects of 2.46 and 8.18 mm, respectively, offering a potential for improving GC property of rice varieties. Comparison between qGC4 and previous results suggests that qGC4 is likely a new QTL for GC, providing a candidate for gene cloning and functional characterization.     

基于SPAD值的大白菜氮素营养诊断和推荐施肥模型研究

以大白菜卵圆型品种"锦抗1号"和直筒型品种"乡情80"为试材,在6个氮肥水平下,研究了叶片SPAD值与氮素营养诊断指标、施氮量的关系以及施氮量对产量的影响。结果表明:在大白菜莲座期和结球期,2个品种的叶片SPAD值与氮素营养诊断指标及施氮量有很好的相关性;2个生育期"锦抗1号"的临界SPAD值分别为40.45、42.45,"乡情80"的临界SPAD值分别为38.57、40.36;建立了基于叶片SPAD值的大白菜氮肥推荐施肥模型。综上所述,大白菜叶片SPAD值可以作为氮素营养诊断指标,并能推荐氮肥的施用。     

菌草竹荪子实体蛋白质营养价值评价

以泰宁和顺昌产地菌草栽培的竹荪为试材,以竹屑栽培的竹荪为对照(CK),采用国际通用方法,研究了菌草竹荪的营养成分,并对其子实体蛋白质的营养价值进行了评价。结果表明:泰宁和顺昌菌草竹荪粗蛋白质含量分别为22.79%、24.01%,均高于竹屑竹荪18.53%、19.47%;粗脂肪含量分别为1.88%及2.01%,均低于竹屑竹荪2.23%及2.38%;氨基酸总量分别为15.44、16.27 g·(100g)^-1,均高于竹屑竹荪10.83、11.38 g·(100g)^-1。对2个产地菌草竹荪蛋白质的营养价值进行评价,发现其氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)低于竹屑竹荪,但其第一限制性氨基酸与竹屑竹荪相一致,均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;其必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)、生物价(BV)、营养指数(NI)及氨基酸相对比值(EAARR)均高于竹屑竹荪;泰宁产菌草竹荪氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)高于竹屑竹荪,但顺昌产菌草竹荪与之相反。通过模糊识别法得出,菌草竹荪与全鸡蛋白贴近度分别为0.82、0.80,高于竹屑竹荪的0.79、0.78。菌草栽培竹荪的蛋白质含量高,脂肪含量低,富含多种碳水化合物及矿物质元素,具有较高的营养价值。     

中国古代山药栽培历史与利用价值

山药原产中国,环境适应性强且易于栽培,在我国南北方广泛分布,河南、安徽、浙江、福建等省盛产优质品种。已知最早的山药人工栽培记录出现于南朝宋,在长期的生产实践过程中其栽培技术不断发展完善,出现山药块茎切断育种、零余子栽植、宿根头繁殖和山药栽子培育等多种栽培方法。因山药营养丰富,具有极高的药用价值和良好的调养效果,人们加工利用山药的方式多种多样,并采用窖藏、焙干的方法延长其食用年限。     

古代萱草应用价值及其文化意蕴探讨

萱草是原产于中国南方的一种草本作物,具有悠久的栽培利用历史。先秦时期始见于文献记载,至唐宋时期得到普遍种植。在其长期的栽培应用过程中,形成了独特的萱草文化。本文以相关历史文献为基础,借鉴已有研究成果,对萱草的名称考释、种植栽培、利用价值及其文化意蕴等作了综合系统的梳理分析,以期为现代社会更好地开发萱草资源、发展萱草产业、传承萱草文化提供一定的思路和借鉴。     

Genomic prediction for yields,processing and nutritional quality traits in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Current potato breeding approaches are hampered by several factors including costly seed tubers, tetrasomic inheritance and inbreeding depression. Genomic selection (GS) demonstrated interesting results regardless of the ploidy level, and can be harnessed to circumvent these problems. In this work, three GS models were evaluated using 50,107 informative SilicoDArT markers and 11 traits in two values for cultivation and use (VCU) potato trials. Two key breeding problems modelled included predicting the performance of (i) new and unphenotyped clones (cross‐validation) and (ii) a VCU using another as training set (TS). GS models performed comparably. Cross‐validation accuracy was high for D35, D45, DMW and BVAL, in ascending order. Prediction accuracies of the VCUs were highly correlated, but the best prediction was obtained for the smaller VCU using the bigger as TS. Cross‐validation and VCU prediction accuracies were higher when bigger TSs were used. The findings herein indicate that GS can be attractively integrated in potato breeding, particularly in early clonal generations to predict and select for traits with low heritability which would otherwise require more testing years, environments and resources.     

比格犬胫神经皮层体感诱发电位正常值研究

为了测定比格犬胫神经皮层体感诱发电位(somatosensory evoked potential,SEP)的波形及其潜伏期和波幅的正常值。选用15只健康比格犬,在异氟烷吸入麻醉状态下,使用肌电诱发电位仪电刺激其胫神经,将自制参考电极和记录电极分别放置于头部Fz处和Cz处记录SEP波形。结果表明:15只比格犬刺激左右侧胫神经均可记录到清晰的双向SEP波。刺激左侧胫神经引发的波形潜伏期为P(21.71±1.978)ms、N(32.61±2.568)ms、P-N(10.90±1.338)ms,其变异系数分别为9.11%、7.87%、12.88%;波幅为(2.762±1.230)μV,变异系数为41.47%;刺激右侧胫神经引发的波形潜伏期为P(21.49±1.985)ms、N(32.55±2.359)ms、P-N(11.06±1.153)ms,其变异系数分别为9.24%、7.25%、10.24%;波幅为(2.634±1.092)μV,变异系数为44.55%。潜伏期和波幅左右侧差异均不显著(P0.05)。对正常比格犬胫神经皮层SEP的测定,获得了清晰的SEP波形及各波潜伏期和波幅的正常值,印证了潜伏期的稳定性优于波幅的稳定性,可以为实验室研究犬病理状态下的SEP和宠物临床应用SEP诊断疾病提供参考依据。     

核桃雄花源营养液对核桃营养生长和果实品质的影响

为探讨核桃雄花源营养液发挥最大肥效的使用方法及其对核桃营养生长和果实品质的影响,对‘温185’核桃叶面喷施不同处理的核桃雄花源营养液,分析其对核桃坐果率、营养生长、单株产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:与清水对照相比,核桃雄花源营养液不同处理均能显著提高核桃坐果率,促进新稍生长,增加单株产量,提高单果重、出仁率和果实中粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量。其中,经GB2(生长期喷施300倍稀释的核桃雄花源营养液+3.6 g/L硼酸)、FB2(盛花期喷施300倍稀释的核桃雄花源营养液+3.6 g/L硼酸)处理后核桃坐果率、单果重和出仁率均显著高于其他处理;处理GB2对核桃百叶重、新梢直径和新梢长度、果实中粗脂肪和粗蛋白以及单株产量提升效果最好。综合分析得出,生长期对核桃叶面喷施300倍稀释的核桃雄花源营养液+3.6 g/L硼酸可促进‘温185’核桃树体营养生长,改善果实品质。