2015—2017年酒泉市部分地区羊肉制品食源性病菌污染情况调查

为初步了解并分析酒泉市部分地区羊肉制品中食源性致病菌的污染情况,于2015—2017年对酒泉市5个县市随机采集羊肉制品827份,参照食品国家安全标准对采集的样品中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7、副溶血性孤菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌污染情况进行了调查。结果显示:共有116份样品被检测出携带食源性致病菌,检出率14.03%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌74份(8.95%)、沙门氏菌23份(2.78%)、副溶血性孤菌12份(1.45%)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌7份(0.85%),没有检出大肠杆菌O157:H7;2015—2017年检出率分别为24.05%、12.09%和7.75%;不同羊肉制品中以油炸肉检出率最高(48.65%),生肉最低(5.67%)。说明酒泉市羊肉制品中食源性病菌污染较为严重,其中主要以沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,给消费者健康造成潜在的威胁,相关部门需要提高食品安全监管力度。     

Antibacterial activity of TiO2 nanotube arrays on periodontal pathogens before and after loaded with minocycline hydrochloride

AIM:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotube arrays on the early adhesion behavior of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) before and after loaded with minocycline hydrochloride (MN). METHODS:TiO₂ nanotube arrays were prepared by ano-dization and loaded with MN. Titanium slices were divided into 3 groups according to different treatment methods:pure polishing titanium (Ti) group, TiO₂ nanotube titanium (TiO₂) group, and MN (120 μg) TiO₂ nanotube titanium (MN TiO₂) group. The antibacterial properties of the titanium tablets were evaluated by the bacteriostasis test.RESULTS:The Ti had no antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of TiO₂ to Aa, Pg and Tf was poor, with only about 20% of antibacterial rate after 4 h. After loaded with MN, its antibacterial activity was enhanced, and the antibacterial rate was up to 77% after 4 h.CONCLUSION:No antibacterial activity in the Ti group was observed. If TiO₂ nanotube arrays were formed on the surface and MN was loaded, the antibacterial activity on periodontal pathogens was stronger.     

Evaluation of Patients with Community‐Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Zoonotic Pathogens in an Area with a High Density of Animal Farms

Intensive animal farming could potentially lead to outbreaks of infectious diseases. Clinicians are at the forefront of detecting unusual diseases, but the lack of specificity of zoonotic disease symptoms makes this a challenging task. We evaluated patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) with known and unknown aetiology in an area with a high livestock density and a potential association with animal farms in the proximity. Between 2008 and 2009, a period coinciding with a large Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands, patients with CAP were tested for the presence of possible respiratory pathogens. The presence and number of farm animals within 1 km of the patients' home address were assessed using geographic information system (GIS) and were compared between cases and age‐matched control subjects. Of 408 patients with CAP, pathogens were detected in 275 (67.4%) patients. The presence of sheep and the number of goats were associated with CAP caused by Coxiella burnetii in a multiple logistic regression model (P < 0.05). CAP with unknown aetiology was not associated with the presence of animal farms (P > 0.10). The use of GIS in combination with aetiology of CAP could be potentially used to target diagnostics and to identify outbreaks of rare zoonotic disease.     

奶牛乳房炎防治技术研究进展

奶牛乳房炎是世界范围内仍未解决的顽疾之一.目前,发生乳房炎后一般采用抗生素进行治疗,其不仅引起产奶量下降甚至停奶,而且会导致牛奶中抗生素残留,危害人类健康.在此对奶牛乳房炎的发病原因、治疗及其预防的最新进展进行了综述,为奶牛乳房炎的预防、治疗提供可靠的依据.     

Fungitoxic activity of four thio-functionalised glucosinolate enzyme-derived products on ten soil-borne pathogens

Enzyme-derived products obtained from thio-functionalised glucosinolates showed high fungitoxicity, a wide activity spectrum and special physicochemical properties, which suggest their potential as alternatives to commercial fumigants for controlling several soil-borne pathogens. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Applications of ionizing radiation for the control of postharvest diseases in fresh produce: recent advances

Postharvest diseases cause considerable losses to harvested fruits and vegetables worldwide. In addition to various treatments to control postharvest losses caused by pathogens, the global trend is shifting toward more ecofriendly alternatives safer to human health. Thus far, the main approach to postharvest disease control has mostly relied on the use of chemicals. However, the intense use of chemical fungicides has caused side effects such as environmental issues and evolution of fungicide‐resistant isolates. With increasing demand for the use of non‐chemicals, ionizing radiation has been investigated for application in many aspects of postharvest treatment, especially as an approach with significant potential for the control of postharvest disease. Recently, a number of more or less technologically advanced methodologies, e.g. irradiation combined with other types of treatments and induced disease‐resistance, have been developed to control postharvest diseases as well as to increase the quality and storage life of fresh commodities. Challenges for future application of irradiation in fresh produce are the cost, lack of irradiation facilities, lack of knowledge about optimal conditions for different commodities, and lack of acceptance of irradiated fresh produce. This review aims to document the advances in understanding of the effects of irradiation on postharvest disease, the possible modes of action, and the perspectives in commercial use.     

管芯片技术通量检测杨树溃疡病病菌的应用

正基因芯片技术因能对生物样本进行快速、高通量的定性和定量分析,而在植物病害诊断中也得到普遍的应用[1]。树木溃疡病是指引起木本植物树皮上出现溃疡腐烂等症状的病害[2]。引起杨树溃疡病的真菌种类较多,加之其无性型和有性型多样,所以,关于杨树溃疡病病原菌的报道多有不同。另外,受地理位置、寄主植物关系及分类体系的限制,迫切需要发展不依赖于常规分离培养的病原鉴定新技术。     

Suppression of the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,a seed-borne rice (Oryza sativa L.) endophytic bacterium

The present work was carried out to study the potential of bacteria isolated from the seeds of rice plant for the biocontrol of five rice pathogenic fungi. Eleven endophytic bacteria isolated from rice seeds were evaluated for their antagonistic potential. Of five pathogens studied, only the growth of Magnaporthe grisea was inhibited by one bacterial isolate in an in vitro dual culture assay. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and biochemical and morphological characteristics, this strain was closely related to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. We named this new isolate to be S. maltophilia SEN₁ (seed endophyte). This isolate was further tested for the production of volatile and diffusible antibiotics against M. grisea, for plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits and colonization of some rice cultivars. In addition, S. maltophilia SEN₁ was tested for its ability to promote plant growth and reduce the incidence of rice blast disease under greenhouse conditions. When applied to the soil, this isolate increased seedling growth and suppressed blast disease in plants of three studied cultivars. This study also showed this isolate could colonize the root interior of other rice cultivars. This study indicates that the S. maltophilia isolate studied has an excellent potential to be used as biocontrol agents of M. grisea or biofertilizer under in vitro and in vivo conditions.     

Spatial abundance patterns and recruitment of a virus‐affected commercial mollusc fishery

Infectious pathogens figure prominently among those factors threatening marine wildlife. Mass mortality events caused by pathogens can fundamentally alter the structure of wild fish stocks and depress recruitment rates and yield. In the most severe instances, this can precipitate stock collapses resulting in dramatic economic losses to once valuable commercial fisheries. An outbreak of a herpes‐like virus among commercially fished abalone populations in the south‐west fishery of Victoria, Australia, during 2006–2007, has been associated with high mortality rates among all cohorts. Long‐term records from fishery‐independent surveys of blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra (Leach) enabled abundance from pre‐ and post‐viral periods to be analysed to estimate stock density and biomass. The spatial distribution of abundance in relation to physical habitat variables derived from high‐resolution bathymetric LiDAR data was investigated. Significant differences were observed in both measures between pre‐ and post‐viral periods. Although there was some limited evidence of gradual stock improvement in recent years, disease‐affected reefs have remained below productivity rates prior to the disease outbreak suggesting a reduction in larval availability or settlement success. This was corroborated by trends in sublegal sized blacklip abalone abundance that has yet to show substantial recovery post‐disease. Abundance data were modelled as a function of habitat variables using a generalised additive model (GAM) and indicated that high abundance was associated with complex reef structures of coastal waters (<15 m). This study highlights the importance of long‐term surveys to understand abalone recovery following mass mortality and the links between stock abundance and seafloor variability.     

油茶叶枯病菌的生物学特性

近几年.油茶叶枯病已从油茶的次要病害上升为主要病害.为给此病害的防治提供依据,对该病菌的生物学特性进行了分析,分离纯化了油茶叶枯病原菌,并对影响其生长的温度、酸碱度、光照和培养基进行了试验研究.结果表明:病原菌在5～31℃之间均能生长,其中27℃的温度为菌丝生长的最适宜温度;病原菌在pH值为4～9之间均可以生长,当pH值为6时菌丝生长最快;光照对菌丝生长的影响不大;以蔗糖为碳源的培养基最适合该病菌的生长,以葡萄糖为碳源的培养基其生长最慢.