复方中药提取物对植物枯萎病原菌的影响

探讨复方中药提取物对植物枯萎病原菌的影响,以为生产用药提供理论依据。结果表明:5个浓度的药液,均有不同程度地抑制西瓜枯萎病原菌和黄瓜枯萎病原菌的作用,其抑制作用随浓度增高而显著增加。即使在低浓度0.031 3 g/mL时,对该2种病原菌仍有较好的抑制效果。     

禽流感防制进展

禽流感（Avian influenza,AI）是由A型流感病毒所引起的禽类的一种传染病。能引起禽类呼吸系统到严重全身败血症等多种症状的烈性传染病。禽类感染后病死率很高,但对野生禽类多为不显性感染。自从1997年香港发生禽流感病毒H5N1亚型首次突破种属屏障感染人类并引起死亡以来,世界各国纷纷报道各种人禽流感病例的发生,人禽流感的关注程度也达到了前所未有的高度。近几年全球共有三大洲的19个国家和地区发生禽流感疫情。一些地区的疫情呈现蔓延的趋势,并且出现了人感染禽流感病毒的病例。禽流感不仅对养殖业造成重大损失,更对人类健康造成严重威胁。本文全面地介绍了禽流感的病原、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防制。     

河北省“猪高热病”主要病原分析

对2006～2009年河北省“猪高热病”的主要病原进行了调查分析。结果表明,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型（PCV-2）、猪伪狂犬病毒（PRv）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、副猪嗜血杆菌（HPS）、胸膜肺炎放线茵（APP）、链球菌（S．S）、大肠杆菌（E。coli）、沙门氏菌（Sal．）和巴氏杆菌（Pro）的总检出率分别为64．52％、30．27％、11．26％、6．13％、3．10％、2．58％、1．46％、1．11％、1．08％和0．10％。其中高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（HP—PKP．SV）和经典猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（C—PV．P．SV）总检出率分别为60．92％和3．60％。HP—PRIKSV同其他病原体混合感染比较普遍,感染以二重感染、三重感染为主。总之,河北省“猪高热病”的主要致病病原是HP-PRRSV,并多与PCV-2、PRV、CSFV、HPS、APP、E．cold、S．S和Sal．、Pm等病原体中的-种或几种病原混合感染或继发感染-种“综合症候群”型疫病。     

核酸适配体传感器在常见食源性致病菌检测中的应用及发展

食源性致病菌是食源性疾病的重要诱因,早期的筛查技术已不能满足对食源性致病菌的快速、准确检测要求。核酸适配体因其小尺寸、易修饰、亲和性高、热稳定等优点而被广泛应用,研究者们运用核酸适配体传感器开发了针对食源性致病菌的众多检测方法,用于快速筛查食源性致病菌。该文介绍了食源性致病菌的常用检测方法,总结归纳了核酸适配体的筛选程序,列举了核酸适配体传感器在食源性致病菌检测中的应用,分析了其在应对样品的快速高效检测要求时的发展趋势,以求为食源性致病菌的检测方法改进提供更多思路。     

The combined effects of aqueous chlorine dioxide,fumaric acid,and ultraviolet-C with modified atmosphere packaging enriched in CO2 for inactivating preexisting microorganisms and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium inoculated on buckwheat sprouts

The combined effects of a sanitizer mixture, ultraviolet-C (UV-C), and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of non-inoculated and inoculated (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium) buckwheat sprouts were examined. Buckwheat sprouts were treated with a sanitizer mixture (comprising 100 mg L⁻¹ aqueous ClO₂ and 0.3% fumaric acid) and 2 kJ m⁻² UV-C, packaged under two different conditions (air and CO₂ gas) and storage for 8 d at 4 °C. The combination of the sanitizer mixture and UV-C treatment reduced the initial counts of preexisting microorganisms in the buckwheat sprouts by 1.9 log CFU g⁻¹ and reduced the initial inoculated counts of E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium on buckwheat sprouts by 3.0 and 2.3 log CFU g⁻¹, respectively. The preexisting microorganisms and inoculated pathogens in buckwheat sprouts packaged under CO₂ gas were significantly reduced during storage following the combined treatment compared to those of the control by above 95%. Differences in Hunter L^*, a^*, and b^* values among the treatments were negligible. The combined sanitizer mixture and UV-C treatment increased the sprout rutin content by 147%, but there was no significant difference in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity between treatments during storage. Therefore, the combination of sanitizer mixture made from aqueous ClO₂ and fumaric acid, UV-C irradiation, and MAP can improve the microbial safety and quality of buckwheat sprouts.     

D-柠檬烯纳米乳对牛肉中食源性致病菌的影响（英文）

由于良好的抗菌活性和稳定的性能,D-柠檬烯纳米乳被广泛报道。研究D-柠檬烯纳米乳对伤寒杆菌,乙型副伤寒杆菌和痢疾志贺氏菌在37℃下培养24 h的抑菌活性,并在4℃牛肉中于第1 d、2 d、3 d分别检测对伤寒沙门氏菌,痢疾杆菌来评价其抑制效果。利用超声乳化法制备D-柠檬烯纳米乳。在最小抑菌浓度(MIC)实验中,D-柠檬烯纳米乳对三种受试菌的最小抑菌浓度为2.5 mg/m L。在牛肉试验中,基于MIC,D-柠檬烯纳米乳在牛肉中的添加浓度分别为40 mg/m L,20 mg/m L和10 mg/m L,20 mg/m L和10 mg/m L稀释液,结果两种受试菌最好的抑制浓度和时间均相同,分别是40 mg/m L和24 h。该研究表明D-柠檬烯纳米乳应用于食品中可能是食品安全的有效解决方案。     

Molecular and serological detection of animal and human vector-borne pathogens in the blood of dogs from Côte d’Ivoire

In Côte d’Ivoire, limited information are available on vector-borne pathogens, their prevalence and distribution. Here, we assess the occurrence and diversity of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) in Abidjan and Yamoussoukro cities. Blood from a total of 123 dogs were tested for Leishmania infantum and Ehrlichia canis antibodies and screened for Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp., Piroplasmida, Filariidae and Anaplasmataceae by PCR and sequencing. Among dogs, 39 % were positive for at least one pathogen. Seroprevalences were: 15.4 % and 12.2 % for L. infantum and E. canis, respectively. DNA of L. infantum and T. congolense (4.1 %), Baabesia vogeli (1.6 %), Filariidae (Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum) (10.6 %) has been detected. Anaplasmataceae were detected in (17.1 %) and E. canis was the only identified specie. Co-infections were observed in 13.8 % of dogs: E. canis-L. infantum co-infection was the most prevalent (4.9 %). Age, breed and sex of dogs do not seem to influence infections. Village dogs were more susceptible to CVBDs than kennel dogs (PV = 0.0000008). This study reports for the first time the presence of L. infantum, B. vogeli, A. reconditum, D. immitis and D. repens in dogs from Côte d’Ivoire and determines the prevalence and diversity of CVBD pathogens. The results indicate that human and animal pathogens are abundant in Ivoirian dogs which requires attention of veterinarians, physicians and authorities against these diseases, especially against major zoonosis such as visceral leishmaniasis (L. infantum).