Risk factors associated with faecal shedding of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in eight known-infected Danish dairy herds

A risk-factor study was performed in eight dairy herds found to excrete verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 in a former prevalence study. Associations between excretion of VTEC O157 and management factors such as housing and feeding were analysed in a generalised linear mixed model. The animals were stratified in three age groups and sampled four times during 1 year. The risk of excreting VTEC O157 was higher among weaned calves than non-weaned calves. Among the calves aged 1–4 months, the risk was reduced if the calf had suckled colostrum from the mother or if the calf had stayed >2 days with the mother after calving. Calves aged 5–24 months that had been moved within the last 2 weeks had a higher risk, but risk was reduced if fed barley silage. Cows fed grain or molasses had a higher risk of excreting VTEC O157.     

商品包装装潢设计构思——定位设计

构思是设计的灵魂。包装装潢设计中最重要的一环是“创意构思”。包装装潢设计构思的创意应紧紧围绕内容对形式的要求来进行，即不仅要在艺术上表现出产品的个性特色、设计者或消费群体的个性特色，使包装新颖别致，感染力强，能吸引消费者，而且应尽可能地反映商品的内在品质及其在功能上的优越性。     

环境因素对丹顶鹤越冬行为的影响

丹顶鹤在盐城越冬期间各种环境因素对其行为都将产生一定的影响,对此我们进行了观察记录。该项工作主要用8×40、10×50双筒和20倍单筒望远镜实地观察、照相机摄影等直接记录丹顶鹤的各种行为；种群数量计算为直接计数法；气候因子则根据各级气象部门的预报结果,结合观察点温度计等手段测算。结果表明丹顶鹤越冬期间,气候因子的变化是对其行为产生直接影响的主要因素,温度、雨、雾、雪、风等发生大幅度变化时,都将导致越冬期丹顶鹤的行为发生相应的适应性变化,对迁徙行为的影响则更为明显。而食物和水源则通过气候因子的变化和安全度的影响再次反应到丹顶鹤的越冬行为中来。本文最后提出了减轻灾害性天气对丹顶鹤越冬行为的影响建议。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖在环保、医药及食品中的应用

对魔芋葡甘聚糖的特性及在环保、医药、食品及其他领域中的广阔应用进行了综述,讨论了魔芋葡甘聚糖的环保性能、药理作用、食品加工等方面的应用前景.     

中华鼢鼠生物学特性的研究

通过研究中华鼢鼠生物学特性，其食性食量125g／d，每个洞内食物存放平均750g；解剖观察，怀孕胚胎2-4个，平均3．38个，雌雄比为53．16：46．84。     

Frozen Storage Studies of Formulated Skipjack Tuna Patties

Plain and flavored formulated skipjack tuna patties with textural characteristics similar to that of ground beef were developed for use in school lunch programs. Shelf life studies of these patties indicated that the nutrient composition of raw and cooked fish patties held under frozen storage for nine months essentially remained the same. In a 100 gm edible serving, raw and cooked tuna patties contained 71%-75% moisture, 18%-21% protein, 0.15%-0.22% fat, 1.8%-2.1% ash, and 3.3%-4.0% carbohydrate. Mean caloric content ranged from 88 to 91 kilocalories/patty. Furthermore, a 100 gm patty serving provided about 29% of the U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein, 18%-20% for niacin, about 14% for phosphorous, 10%-11% for iron, 6% for magnesium, less than 5% for zinc, copper, and manganese, about 2% for thiamin, and less than 2% for vitamins A, E and calcium. Sensory testing on fish patties indicated that cooked patties could be stored up to nine months in frozen storage (minus 24°C) with only slight changes in odor, taste and texture. The storage life for frozen, raw patties appeared to be about three months. If uncooked patties were frozen, they should be cooked and eaten within a three month period. Based on the data gathered in this study it was recommended that the tuna patties be fully cooked, frozen quickly, vacuum-sealed, and stored at -24°C or below in order to maintain a frozen shelf-life of up to nine months.     

Efficiency of Land Utilizationand Urbanization Progress of China

Urbanization is a process that is undergoing all over the world, which will speed up in the forthcoming years, especially in China as the boom of economy. On average, urbanization level is not only depended on the speed, but theefficiency, particularly efficiency of using land resource which affects urbanization directly. This paper provided status quo of land resource utilization efficiency, indictors, methods and factors, and illustrated the reference of well land utilization, aiming at fostering urbanization in China.     

酶解法提取海藻酸钠研究

采用正交实验研究了酶解法提取海藻酸钠的工艺及影响因素,并分析了单因素对酶解反应的影响,从而得出最佳酶解反应条件:缓冲液用量55 ml,pH值5.0,温度45 ℃,反应时间18 h,加酶量90 U/g,此时海藻酸钠浸出量可达2.448 7 g.     

亚热带山地多年生黑麦草及选育材料生产性能的评价

在南方亚热带山地，对１２个多年生黑麦草品种和选自老草地上１１个育种材料的生长发育状况观察及生产性能进行了评价和比较，３年的试验结果表明，在该试验条件下表现优良的有来自美国的品种编号为１７－１Ｂｉｓｏｎ和选自老草地上的９１－１，Ｈ－１５和Ｂ－１等３个选育材料，它们的共同特点是返青早，产草量高，有推广前景和继续选育的价值。     

粉状物质定量取料给料实验装置设计

根据有关机械原理设计出了一种新型的粉状物质定量取料给料装置,该装置结构简单,定量准确、快速,并且可以重复地取料给料。实验证明,该装置稳定可靠,具有一定的实际应用价值和推广价值。