食品脱氧剂配比的优化

[目的]探寻最佳脱氧效果的食品脱氧剂。[方法]对比不同配比的铁系脱氧剂在相同条件下的脱氧效果并比较铁粉活化程度对脱氧效果的影响。[结果]配比为0.3 g活化铁粉、0.1 g硅藻土、1 g Na2CO3.10H2O、0.2 g NaCl时脱氧效果最好。[结论]通过该实验获得了最佳脱氧效果的食品脱氧化剂配比。     

独立学院生物技术综合实验教学改革的探索与实践

对独立学院生物技术综合实验课程的教学内容体系、教学模式、实验考核体系等方面存在的问题进行了分析,采取了相关的改革措施,并取得了一定的成效,为独立学院的实验教学提供有益参考。     

The Economics of Horticultural Biotechnology

Abstract

Technological change has driven economic progress in agriculture and will continue to play a crucial role in die 21st century. The latest wave of technological change in agriculture is based on die ability to specifically modify crop genetics dirough recombinant DNA techniques. Biotech crop varieties have been adopted on a wide scale in some agronomic crops, but horticultural crops face hurdles for commercialization. Market barriers are blocking die production of biotech horticultural crops diat have already been developed. High costs for research, development and regulatory approval combined with the small acreages planted and the diversity of varieties limit die potential for profitable applications of biotechnology for many fruits and vegetables, tree fruits and nuts, and nursery and landscape crops. Like most technological changes in agriculture, die introduction of modern biotechnology has met with spirited political opposition from some quarters. Such opposition could discourage adoption of biotech products that are wanted by some consumers, can be profitable for growers and could reduce the environmental impacts of crop production.     

高职《动物性食品卫生检验》课程教学方式的改革

《动物性食品卫生检验》作为一门畜牧兽医、动物防疫与检疫专业的主干课程,具有专业性和实践性强的特点,为了提高学生对食品卫生检验的基础理论、实践技能和食品安全系统控制理念,从教学效果着手提出改革的思路,利用现有的资源充分发掘学生的学习积极性和实践动手能力,重视强化基本技能的训练,取得了一定的效果。     

果蔬表面静电涂敷试验研究

在前期高压电极结构试验和静电涂敷模拟试验的基础上，进行了单负高压电极静电涂敷试验、双负高压电极静电涂敷试验和保鲜试验，测试了涂敷系数、涂层径向角、涂敷效率和涂层表观质量等参数。结果证明，采用栅网式静电涂敷方法的果蔬表面静电涂敷可以在一定直径范围的果蔬表面进行，并有很好的应用前景。     

水力旋流器在食品工业中的应用

从水力旋流器的基本结构和工作原理出发，综合评述了水力旋流器在食品工业中具有代表性的应用情况，进而指出，随着科学技术的发展和对其研究的不断深入，水力旋流器将在食品工业领域发挥更为重要作用。     

广东省食用豆类种质资源的创新利用与前瞻

对中国特别是广东省食用豆类种质资源创新利用的意义、国内外创新利用的情况、进一步创新利用的内容方向、前景等进行了综述介绍和前瞻思考,指出食用豆类种质资源创新利用应加强种质资源收集和创新、新品种选育及繁种、配套栽培技术研究以及传统加工制作模式改进工作,同时应选育蛋白质含量高、抗病虫害能力强、专用型、耐贮运的品种。     

The Experimental and Commercial Release of Transgenic Crop Plants

With advances in recombinant DNA methods and transformation procedures, it is possible to transfer genes into crop plants from unrelated plants, microbes and animals. Many of the modifications being carried out, or envisaged, are for disease and pest resistance, product quality and tolerance to environmental stress, but there are additional opportunities to modify crops to give specialized products for industrial or pharmaceutical use. Some of the characteristics of transgenic plants are considered, including: transgene copy number, position, expression, stability, pleiotropy, selectable marker genes and somaclonal variation. There have been several hundreds of field trials with transgenic plants, and the first transgenic varieties are likely to be approved for commercial production in 1993. Before releasing transgenic plants, it is necessary to carry out a risk assessment to determine whether the transgenic variety will behave differently from a conventionally bred variety. Assessment procedures are being harmonized internationally by various organizations. There is a growing commitment to apply these genetic modification methods to crops in developing countries, as genes relevant to their crops and environments become available.     

Genetic characterization of banana cultivars (Musa spp.) from Brazil using microsatellite markers

Flavonoids, in particular the anthocyanins,are responsible for flower colour in manyspecies. The dihydroflavonols represent abranch point in flavonoid biosynthesis,being the intermediates for production ofboth the coloured anthocyanins, through theaction of the enzyme dihydroflavonol4-reductase (DFR), and the colourlessflavonols, produced by flavonol synthase(FLS). In this study the white-flowered,flavonol accumulating Mitchell line ofpetunia was used as a model to examine theinteraction between DFR and FLS enzymeactivities and possibilities forredirecting flavonoid biosynthesis awayfrom production of flavonols and towardsanthocyanins. Introduction of a 35SCaMV-DFR sense transgene construct causedthe production of anthocyanins, resultingin a pink-flowered phenotype. Furthermore,inhibition of FLS production throughintroduction of an FLS antisense RNAconstruct also led to anthocyaninproduction and a pink-flowered phenotype. A combination of both transgenes gave thehighest level of anthocyanin formation. Anthocyanins were produced in the DFR-senseand FLS-antisense transgenic lines in spiteof the greatly reduced levels of geneexpression in the Mitchell line for threeenzymes late in anthocyanin biosynthesis,anthocyanindin synthase, UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase andUDP-rhamnose: anthocyanidin-3-glucosiderhamnosyltransferase. Thus, the level ofgene activity required for visibleanthocyanin formation is much lower thanthe high levels normally induced duringpetal development. Altering the balancebetween the DFR and FLS enzyme activities,using genetic modification, may be a usefulstrategy for introducing or increasinganthocyanin production in target ornamentalspecies.     

生态农业与食品安全

食品安全已引起国内外的广泛关注。我国食品安全与提高人民生活质量、保证人民健康,维护社会稳定、建设和谐社会等密切相关。维护食品安全,就是维护生态安全、维护经济安全、维护国家安全。目前,我国食品安全面临的主要问题,一是食品数量不足,合格率不高;二是食品中有毒有害物质残留量高,食物中毒事件增多;三是资源、生态、环境问题突出,食品可持续生产能力面临潜在威胁;四是食品安全的法律、法规尚不健全,执法与管理力度不够。生态农业是当今社会农业发展的重要方向,具有显著的增产、增收、增效和环境保护功能,对改善和优化农业生态环境、生产健康优质的安全食品具有重大意义。生态农业在解决当前及今后我国面临的食品数量、质量安全及食品可持续生产能力等方面,将发挥着重要与不可替代的作用。为保障新世纪我国的食品安全,必须大力发展生态农业。主要措施包括:提高对生态农业的认识;大力普及生态农业知识;全面应用与推广生态农业技术;加强生态农业的科学研究;重视实行生态农业的产业化。