昆虫作为可食用资源的相关研究

昆虫是地球上最大的生物类群,是人类可开发利用的重要的可再生资源。世界许多国家都有食用昆虫的习俗,因此,研究昆虫是否能作为一类适合人类食用的资源具有重要意义。研究表明,食用昆虫益处多,同时也比较安全。     

食品工业的清洗与消毒

随着食品工业的发展和食品安全问题的不断出现,食品工业运用的清洗和消毒技术就显得越来越重要.概述了食品工业中清洗和消毒的方法、类型以及常用清洗剂、消毒剂的性能,同时介绍了原地清洗系统（CIP）,讨论了食品工业在清洗与消毒的过程中存在的问题和解决方法.     

气相色谱法测定食品中丙酸及其盐类

[目的]建立固体及液态食品中丙酸含量测定的气相色谱方法.[方法]用水蒸气蒸馏法将食品中存在的丙酸及其盐类共沸蒸馏,以丁酸做内标,采用HP-FFAP柱（30 m×0.32 mm×0.25μmn）对其进行分离.以保留时间定性,试样中丙酸和正丁酸峰面积比与标准系列比较定量.[结果]试验表明,丙酸在1.0 ～50.0 mg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2 =0.999 8,面条与酱油中丙酸的添加回收率分别为94.8％～ 97.3％和99.5％～102.6％,变异系数分别为0.62％ ～1.49％和0.63％ ～ 0.93％,定量限为0.025 g/kg.[结论]该方法简便、快速、可靠,可用于市售食品中丙酸含量的测定.     

甜柿种质资源与育种研究进展

本文概述中国甜柿资源的分布情况,及对全国原生甜柿品种分类进行研究;阐述当前国内外甜柿育种的主要手段,并对未来甜柿育种的研究方向及甜柿产业的发展进行了展望。     

基于SSH2的学生资助评价系统的开发

通过分析359个超市食品安全事件,发现化学性污染食品、物理性污染食品、假冒劣质食品和过期食品是我国超市食品安全的关键监管问题;验收和销售是超市食品安全的关键监管环节,验收环节上食品安全事件的主要原因是食品中混有异物、腐败变质和掺假掺杂,而销售环节主要是销售过期食品;从整体上看,超市食品安全风险主要来源于上游的食品生产企业。因而,在超市食品安全风险的控制对策上,超市要严格地规范操作要求,建立食品安全供应链;政府在严厉打击问题食品生产企业,遏制食品风险的传递的同时,也要积极支持超市与企业对接,做好食品质量信息传递工作,防止超市食品“柠檬市场”的产生。     

魁蚶食性及摄食季节变化的初步研究

根据1990年10月～1991年9月在山东烟台近海采集的魁蚶样品观察和分析,结果表明,魁蚶的食物组成比较简单,以摄食植物性饵料为主,兼食浮游动物。主要种类有硅藻门的圃筛藻、舟形藻、菱形藻、曲舟藻、沟直链藻和粗纹藻以及浮游动物中的挠足类。除冬季外,魁蚶在其他季节均摄食。摄食的种类主要取决于自然海域中硅藻类等优势饵料生物种类的季节变化。     

Photoperiod influences the growth, food intake, feed efficiency and digestibility of red sea bream (Pagrus major)

Two consecutive trials were conducted to investigate the effects of photoperiod manipulation on growth rate, food intake and feed conversion efficiency (Trial 1), and the digestibility of nutrients and energy (Trial 2) in red sea bream, Pagrus major (body weight 19–120 g). Fish were exposed to four photoperiods (6L:6D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D) with light intensity 1500 lx on the water surface. The fish were fed with a commercial diet to apparent satiation. In Trial 2, 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) was used as an inert marker. Significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rates were observed in fish exposed to a 24L:0D photoperiod followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Food intake and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were also significantly higher in fish exposed to 24L:0D followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Fish exposed to 24L:0D and 16L:8D photoperiods showed significantly higher lipid and energy digestibility than those exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the enhancement of growth performances under 16L:8D and 24L:0D photoperiods were attributed to improved appetite, greater food intake and higher feed conversion efficiency as well as higher digestibility.     

Food choice and reproductive success of Folsomia candida feeding on copper-contaminated mycelium of the soil fungus Alternaria alternata

We examined collembolan food preference for fungal mycelium grown on copper-contaminated medium, and the relationship between copper content, food selectivity and collembolan fitness when fed contaminated mycelium.To clarify whether collembolan food selectivity is related to fitness parameters, Folsomia candida were fed mycelium of the dark-pigmented fungus Alternaria alternata grown on medium with different copper concentrations. Copper-contaminated food (fungus grown on 50, 125, 250 and 500 μg Cu g⁻¹ medium, fresh wt.) was offered together with untreated food for 4 weeks. F. candida fed selectively on the provided mycelium and discriminated clearly between mycelium grown on high and low levels of contamination, distinctly preferring fungus grown on medium with a total copper concentration of 50 and 125 μg g⁻¹. In contrast, fungus grown on highly contaminated medium (250 and 500 μg g⁻¹) was avoided. Collembolan food preference generally matched fitness parameters. Reproduction was significantly affected by the total copper concentration of the fungal growth medium. When fed their preferred mycelium, collembolan reproduction was enhanced, whereas a diet of highly contaminated mycelium (250 or 500 μg g⁻¹) resulted in a strong decrease in reproduction. Adult survival was affected only marginally. Even though heavy metal contamination is a potential stress factor for many soil microarthropods, F. candida is able to discriminate between high and low quality food sources, and even benefits from moderately elevated copper concentrations.     

The fat that matters: Soil food web analysis using fatty acids and their carbon stable isotope signature

Chemical taxonomy based upon the composition of lipids is widely applied to investigate microbial communities and fatty acids have recently been employed to connect soil microbial and faunal food webs as well as to elucidate functional groups at higher trophic levels. The additional use of compound-specific isotopic analysis of ¹³C/¹²C ratios in fatty acids allows assessing specific trophic links and belowground carbon fluxes. In this review systematic patterns and processes underlying variations in the composition of fatty acids and their ¹³C/¹²C ratio are described. The emphasis is on biomarker fatty acids, their incorporation and modification, effects of pool size, and analytical methods. Further development of the application of fatty acid profiling to soil ecology should include both advances in experimental research and growth of theory. Accordingly, areas in which future experimentation can lead to progress in soil food web analysis are identified. Overall, combining fatty acid biomarker and their isotopic ratios will allow detailed insight into belowground trophic interactions.     

Characteristics and motivations of potential users of urban allotment gardens: The case of Vila Nova de Gaia municipal network of urban allotment gardens

Demand for urban allotment plots has recently increased in Portugal but little is known about the characteristics and motivations of the demanding population, and if and how its characteristics affect its motivations.In this article, we use the Municipal Network of Urban Allotment Gardens (MNUAG)¹ launched by the Portuguese municipality of Vila Nova de Gaia for an exploratory Case Study research. Based on the data collected in the MNUAG application forms submitted in the period 2012–2013, we describe the characteristics and the motivations of the population demanding for urban allotment gardens (UAG)² and run a logit model to find if and how the motivations are influenced by the characteristics.The population of applicants to the MNUAG is quite diverse. It has a balanced gender distribution and an average age of 47 years. Most of the applicants are between 25 and 64 years old, and belong to households with 2–4 members.To supplement family budget, occupation of leisure times, and access to organic farming are its most important motivations, followed by environmental concerns, the practice of physical exercise, and education.Motivations are influenced by the characteristics. This study has identified two groups of applicants with contrasting motivations. Food security is the only significant motivation for the unemployed and low-income applicants. Food safety, health concerns, environmental concerns, recreation, and education are common and frequent motivations among the upper and intermediate professional groups.Results can have future implications on the MNUAG, namely on the UAG location and typology, plot number, and plot size. To meet the demand of all the types of applicants, while fostering social cohesion, the municipality should reinforce its current small UAG structure and add to the MNUAG one or two productive parks.