餐厨垃圾水解酸化性能的研究

采用批式进料方式,研究了不同进料负荷和不同接种量时餐厨垃圾水解酸化的效果,探索了酸化阶段发酵液中的pH、VFA含量和产物中主要成分的变化规律.结果发现,不同有机负荷进料时水解酸化过程在前4d基本完成,反应后期有机负荷不同,发酵类型也有所不同.40 g（TS）/L负荷进料时水解酸化效果比较好,水解酸化产物中主要成分为乙醇和乙酸,乙醇和VFA含量高.餐厨垃圾在接种率为30％时,反应能够获得目标酸化产物乙醇和乙酸,比不接种和接种率为50％时效果明显要好.     

不同饥饿方式对鱼类补偿生长影响的研究进展

鱼类在自然生长或人工养殖过程中均可能出现不同程度的饥饿或营养不良,在恢复正常的摄食或投喂后能出现补偿生长现象。综述了多种鱼类在不同饥饿处理后产生的补偿生长效果,可为实际生产中制定节约有效的投喂方法提供参考依据。     

碧江区城市居民对主要畜禽水产品食品安全满意度调查

在碧江区市区范围采用多层随机抽样方法调查居民对主要畜禽水产品食品安全满意度.结果得出,居民对主要畜禽水产品食品安全的关注度较高（86.75％）,但满意度较低,多数处于一般满意（66.00％）;居民对不安全食品的维权意识薄弱,仅有14.75％的居民选择投诉举报;46.00％的居民认为保障食品安全最重要的措施是严格监督管理.因此可知,碧江区城市居民对主要畜禽水产品食品安全关注度越来越高,但是满意度较低.     

昆虫作为可食用资源的相关研究

昆虫是地球上最大的生物类群,是人类可开发利用的重要的可再生资源。世界许多国家都有食用昆虫的习俗,因此,研究昆虫是否能作为一类适合人类食用的资源具有重要意义。研究表明,食用昆虫益处多,同时也比较安全。     

食品工业的清洗与消毒

随着食品工业的发展和食品安全问题的不断出现,食品工业运用的清洗和消毒技术就显得越来越重要.概述了食品工业中清洗和消毒的方法、类型以及常用清洗剂、消毒剂的性能,同时介绍了原地清洗系统（CIP）,讨论了食品工业在清洗与消毒的过程中存在的问题和解决方法.     

魁蚶食性及摄食季节变化的初步研究

根据1990年10月～1991年9月在山东烟台近海采集的魁蚶样品观察和分析,结果表明,魁蚶的食物组成比较简单,以摄食植物性饵料为主,兼食浮游动物。主要种类有硅藻门的圃筛藻、舟形藻、菱形藻、曲舟藻、沟直链藻和粗纹藻以及浮游动物中的挠足类。除冬季外,魁蚶在其他季节均摄食。摄食的种类主要取决于自然海域中硅藻类等优势饵料生物种类的季节变化。     

Photoperiod influences the growth, food intake, feed efficiency and digestibility of red sea bream (Pagrus major)

Two consecutive trials were conducted to investigate the effects of photoperiod manipulation on growth rate, food intake and feed conversion efficiency (Trial 1), and the digestibility of nutrients and energy (Trial 2) in red sea bream, Pagrus major (body weight 19–120 g). Fish were exposed to four photoperiods (6L:6D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D) with light intensity 1500 lx on the water surface. The fish were fed with a commercial diet to apparent satiation. In Trial 2, 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) was used as an inert marker. Significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rates were observed in fish exposed to a 24L:0D photoperiod followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Food intake and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were also significantly higher in fish exposed to 24L:0D followed by 16L:8D, 6L:6D and 12L:12D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Fish exposed to 24L:0D and 16L:8D photoperiods showed significantly higher lipid and energy digestibility than those exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the enhancement of growth performances under 16L:8D and 24L:0D photoperiods were attributed to improved appetite, greater food intake and higher feed conversion efficiency as well as higher digestibility.     

Food choice and reproductive success of Folsomia candida feeding on copper-contaminated mycelium of the soil fungus Alternaria alternata

We examined collembolan food preference for fungal mycelium grown on copper-contaminated medium, and the relationship between copper content, food selectivity and collembolan fitness when fed contaminated mycelium.To clarify whether collembolan food selectivity is related to fitness parameters, Folsomia candida were fed mycelium of the dark-pigmented fungus Alternaria alternata grown on medium with different copper concentrations. Copper-contaminated food (fungus grown on 50, 125, 250 and 500 μg Cu g⁻¹ medium, fresh wt.) was offered together with untreated food for 4 weeks. F. candida fed selectively on the provided mycelium and discriminated clearly between mycelium grown on high and low levels of contamination, distinctly preferring fungus grown on medium with a total copper concentration of 50 and 125 μg g⁻¹. In contrast, fungus grown on highly contaminated medium (250 and 500 μg g⁻¹) was avoided. Collembolan food preference generally matched fitness parameters. Reproduction was significantly affected by the total copper concentration of the fungal growth medium. When fed their preferred mycelium, collembolan reproduction was enhanced, whereas a diet of highly contaminated mycelium (250 or 500 μg g⁻¹) resulted in a strong decrease in reproduction. Adult survival was affected only marginally. Even though heavy metal contamination is a potential stress factor for many soil microarthropods, F. candida is able to discriminate between high and low quality food sources, and even benefits from moderately elevated copper concentrations.     

The fat that matters: Soil food web analysis using fatty acids and their carbon stable isotope signature

Chemical taxonomy based upon the composition of lipids is widely applied to investigate microbial communities and fatty acids have recently been employed to connect soil microbial and faunal food webs as well as to elucidate functional groups at higher trophic levels. The additional use of compound-specific isotopic analysis of ¹³C/¹²C ratios in fatty acids allows assessing specific trophic links and belowground carbon fluxes. In this review systematic patterns and processes underlying variations in the composition of fatty acids and their ¹³C/¹²C ratio are described. The emphasis is on biomarker fatty acids, their incorporation and modification, effects of pool size, and analytical methods. Further development of the application of fatty acid profiling to soil ecology should include both advances in experimental research and growth of theory. Accordingly, areas in which future experimentation can lead to progress in soil food web analysis are identified. Overall, combining fatty acid biomarker and their isotopic ratios will allow detailed insight into belowground trophic interactions.     

虚拟仿真实验教学系统联合问卷星在“食品毒理学”动物实验教学中的应用

"食品毒理学"动物实验通常需要使用较多实验动物给予毒物处理以满足课堂教学的需要,当前,飞速发展的信息时代下,各种新型教学技术手段极大地变革了高校实验课的教学形态。虚拟仿真实验教学系统和问卷星这2种新型教学手段相结合的方式,能够更加高效地辅助"食品毒理学"完成实验教学,提高教学效率,最大程度减少实验动物使用量,从而加深学生对于毒理学动物实验所倡导的3R (替代Reduction,减少Replacement,优化Refinement)原则的认识。