SSR标记在晋大52×晋大57后代群体分析中的应用

选用晋大52、晋大57及其杂交后代群体为试验材料,通过对杂交亲本及后代的SSR标记分析,利用NTsys软件对试验材料的遗传多态性进行了研究,并在此基础上探讨父本与母本、父母本与子代及子代与子代之间的亲缘关系,为指导今后大豆杂交育种提供理论和实践依据。结果表明：晋大52与晋大57亲本遗传基础变异大,亲缘关系远；后代品种(系)遗传基础有较大差异；材料或与父本聚为一类,或与母本聚为一类,或自聚为一类；后代品系具有偏父现象；少数材料具有特异性。     

智能计算在食品安全质量综合评价中的应用研究

食品安全问题关系到广大消费者的健康和利益，目前很多情况下，感官检测被用做初步判断食品是否合格的依据，本文在智能计算的基础上，探讨了利用食品安全质量综合评价指数的科学手段加以纠正感官检测所产生的一些错误；考虑食品的安全状况取决与多项指标，属于模糊事物，本文进一步运用质量指数评分法在综合评价指数法检测的基础上将食品的安全状况划分为不同等级并举例加以说明。     

四倍体葡萄诱导技术的研究

 以秋水仙素为诱变剂，利用茎段浸泡和秋水仙素培养基两种方法对二倍体京秀和红地球2个品种的葡萄(Vitis. vinifera)组培苗进行诱导，并采用流式分析仪对诱变植株的细胞DNA含量进行鉴定。结果表明，茎段浸泡秋水仙素法诱导四倍体葡萄的效果优于秋水仙素培养基法。在低浓度秋水仙素（2000 mg•L-1或低于2000 mg•L-1）溶液中浸泡时间短于48 h的所有处理，仅在继代2~5次后获得了纯合四倍体植株；在秋水仙素浓度2000 mg•L-1对茎段浸泡3 ~4 d或3000 mg•L-1 和4000 mg•L-1对茎段浸泡2~4 d，在茎段扦插的当代就获得了纯合四倍体植株，诱变四倍体植株的适宜条件为在秋水仙素3000 mg• L-1 茎段浸泡3~4 d，纯合四倍体植株获得的比率为16.7~23.3%。     

几丁质/壳聚糖及其衍生物在食品工业中的应用

几丁质/壳聚糖由于其独特的分子结构而具有很多特殊功能。几丁质/壳聚糖及其衍生物在食品、纺织、印染、造纸、医药、农业、环保、化工等行业有着广阔的应用。在食品工业中,可作为保健食品基料、抗菌剂、果蔬保鲜剂、液体食品的澄清剂、食用包装膜、食品废水处理、饮用水净化剂、固定化酶载体、食品加工剂、霉菌污染检测、肉制品抗氧化剂等。     

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Two Euschistus spp. Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Southeastern Farmscapes

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are ubiquitous, cryptic, phytophagous pests that are found in many crops. In agroecosystems, individuals disperse from adjacent noncrop hosts and tend to aggregate or cluster within fields. In this study, we characterized the distribution of Euschistus servus (Say) and Euschistus tristigmus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) over 2 yr at three southeastern United States farmscapes. Stink bugs were captured in pheromone-baited traps, and Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE) used to identify the location of significant aggregations by habitat type and season. Euschistus servus adults were more likely to be captured in pecan orchards, cotton, other crops, or unmanaged habitats than in woodland habitats. Significant aggregations of E. servus were detected in a variety of habitats including pecan, corn, cotton, peanut, and tobacco, as well as fallow and hay fields, pastures, and hedgerows. Fewer adult E. tristigmus were captured than E. servus adults, and E. tristigmus adults were typically trapped and aggregated in woodland habitats. The resulting data provide an important understanding regarding the seasonal movement and relative abundance levels of stink bug populations, which are critical to the development of integrated pest management strategies.     

树上干杏指纹图谱构建与亲缘关系研究初探

为进一步探究树上干杏亲缘关系,本研究利用SSR分子标记引物技术,通过PCR扩增及非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对树上干杏等9个杏品种(类型)的18对SSR多态性引物进行鉴定,获得DNA指纹图谱,从DNA水平鉴定伊犁树上干杏品种与其他杏品种(类型)之间的亲缘关系远近.对各杏品种(类型)间亲缘关系进行聚类分析,结果表明:杏1(...     

浅谈耕地休耕模式及实现路径

休耕制度是保障藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略具体实现的有效途径,对保障国家粮食安全具有重要战略意义。笔者详细归纳了美国、欧洲和日本休耕制度的提出背景以及休耕制度实施的具体方式和休耕补偿办法,并且分析了中国在资源匮乏地区、耕地破坏地区、生态薄弱区等区域耕地存在的独特性问题,以及相对应的科学改良措施和当前施行的休耕补贴政策。通过对比国外模式和分析国内现行休耕制度,笔者认为国内当前土地休耕应当大力发展预测模型,科学规划休耕区域,并且加强政府监督,改变当前的休耕补贴方式,刺激更多科研单位和商业公司加入到土地休耕的工作中。     

利用重组自交系高密度遗传图谱定位水稻芽期耐冷QTL

为定位水稻芽期耐冷QTL,本实验以双季超级稻品种‘五丰优T025’的双亲‘五丰B’和‘昌恢T025’杂交衍生的重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines, RILs)群体为材料,对10℃低温处理的水稻幼芽的存活率、根数、根长和芽长进行了测定。利用QTL Icimapping v4.2软件,共检测到3个控制芽期耐冷性QTL：qRL1、qRL2和qBL6,分别位于第1、2、6染色体上,LOD值分别为2.98,2.51和5.26,分别解释表型变异的10.54%,8.67%和14.04%,其增效等位基因均来自于亲本‘昌恢T025’。这些QTL定位在6.75k~40.05 kb染色体区间,为后续利用这些QTL进行分子标记辅助,选育芽期耐冷籼稻新品种奠定了基础。此外,检测到13对影响水稻芽期耐冷上位性互作QTL,分布在所有12条染色体,其中第3染色体与第8染色体之间互作位点可解释的表型变异率达到21.77%,表明上位性互作QTL在调控水稻芽期耐冷过程中也发挥了重要作用。     

山西谷子品种主要农艺性状的相关和主成分分析

为了明确山西谷子品种主要农艺性状间的关系,采用相关分析和主成分分析方法对11个山西谷子品种的10个农艺性状进行分析。结果表明：农艺性状的变异范围为1.94%~13.39%,各农艺性状的变异程度由大到小依次为单穗重、穗粒重、产量、穗长、株高、千粒重、出苗期—抽穗期天数、抽穗期—成熟期天数、出谷率、生育期。抽穗期—成熟期天数、单穗重、穗粒重、千粒重、出谷率等5个性状指标与产量呈正相关,其中,抽穗期—成熟期天数与产量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),出苗期—抽穗期天数与抽穗期—成熟期天数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),出苗期—抽穗期天数与生育期呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。在所有的主成分分析中,主要集中在前3个主成分,其累积贡献率达75.20%。在对高产品种综合性状评价和选育过程中,穗粒重是提高产量的关键,但同时也应注重对其他性状的综合考虑,注重选择单穗重偏高、株高偏低、生育期、穗长和出谷率适中的材料。     

Management strategies for forage rape (Brassica napus L. cv Goliath): Impact on dry-matter yield,plant reserves,morphology and nutritive value

Limited information is available on the grazing management principles of forage rape (Brassica napus L.), particularly in relation to grazing height and intensity and the impact of these on dry-matter (DM) yield and nutritive value. A glasshouse study was undertaken to investigate the effect of three defoliation heights (plant height at harvest; DH: 40, 70 and 90 cm; L, M and H DH respectively) and three defoliation intensities (height at which plants were cut; DI: 5, 20 and 35 cm of residual height; H, M and L DI respectively) on forage rape (cv Goliath) yield and nutritive value at two harvests (harvest 1, H1 and harvest 2, H2), and the impact of nitrogen (N) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves on regrowth. Increasing DH from L to H increased estimated total DM yield (H1 plus H2) from 0.5 to 4.6 t DM/ha but DI did not affect yield. Dry-matter yield was optimized at 90 cm DH, but greater nutritive value was achieved by harvesting at lower levels of DH. Despite high in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD; 852–889 g/kg), harvesting at 90 cm DH could not meet the protein requirement of lactating dairy cows and harvesting at lower levels risks nitrate poisoning. Our results indicate the optimum DH may be between 70 and 90 cm DH, and 20 and 35 cm DI, which requires further studies.