棉花黄萎病生防芽孢杆菌S12产芽孢培养基的响应面优化

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)S12是分离自新疆棉田根际土壤的一株广谱抑菌菌株,尤其对棉花黄萎病大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)孢子萌发和菌丝生长具有较强的抑制作用。为了提高菌株S12发酵液中芽孢产量,对其发酵培养基组分及配比进行优化。首先通过单因素试验分别分析6种不同碳源、氮源和无机盐对菌株S12芽孢产量的影响,随后采用Plackett-Burman试验设计确定影响芽孢产量的主要因子,并利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法优化确定主要影响因子的最佳配比。最终获得菌株S12产芽孢培养基的优化配比组合为:玉米粉1.30%、大豆蛋白胨1.51%、CaCO30.08%、NaH2PO4·2H2O0.2%、Na2HPO4·2H2O 0.4%。优化后芽孢产量达到7.46×108 mL-1,与初始培养基相比提高了387.58%。可见,通过优化培养基组分,提高发酵液中芽孢产量,降低生产原料成本,为其进一步生防菌剂的工业化生产奠定基础。     

湿地松及其杂种的体细胞胚胎发生与植株再生

【目的】明确适合湿地松Pinus elliottii及其杂交种的体细胞胚胎发生条件,建立体胚成熟萌发的技术。【方法】以2016年6月采集的2个湿地松家系(EE1,EE2)、2个湿地松杂交种家系(EC,EH)的未成熟合子胚(含胚乳)为材料,从诱导、增殖、成熟到萌发配制3个系列培养基,比较外植体采集时间、家系、基本培养基对胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响。用显微镜进行胚性愈伤组织鉴别后,进一步挑选诱导形成的胚性愈伤组织进行增殖、成熟、萌发,最终获得再生植株。【结果】湿地松及其杂交种合子胚的发育进程可划分为8个阶段,阶段Ⅱ、Ⅲ为未成熟胚,适合体胚发生,EC最早出现阶段Ⅲ合子胚。外植体诱导产生具有胚性胚柄团(ESM)结构的胚性愈伤组织,可进一步增殖。诱导培养基对愈伤组织形成及胚性愈伤组织占比具有较大影响,3种诱导培养基(T1、T2和T3)产生愈伤组织效率最高的为T1培养基(49.0%),胚性愈伤组织所占愈伤组织的比例最高为T2培养基(22.4%)。培养基配方的诱导率存在基因型间的差异,T1培养基整体诱导率低;T2培养基对家系EE1诱导率最高,为5.82%;T3培养基对参试材料均能诱导成功,且平均诱导率最高,为3.75%。随采样时间延后,家系EE1、EH的体胚诱导率逐渐增加,家系EE2、EC的体胚诱导率则随采样时间延后逐渐降低。体胚诱导率与合子发育阶段结果基本一致,阶段Ⅲ合子胚均出现较晚,前期诱导率低。胚性愈伤组织继代24次以后,胚活性逐渐降低。成熟培养基T1S和T3S可完成胚的成熟,平均每克成熟培养基分别成熟23.3和15.9个子叶胚,萌发率为32.1%,移栽保存率为47.8%。【结论】诱导培养基T3对参试家系均能诱导成功,T3具有较广泛适用性,各家系在阶段Ⅲ合子胚出现时表现出较大的诱导率,阶段Ⅲ合子胚可能为体细胞胚发生的最佳诱导阶段。建立了湿地松及其杂种体细胞胚发生方法并形成了再生植株。     

温度、酸碱度和培养基含水量对金福菇Tg-505菌丝生长的影响

分别在不同培养温度、培养基pH值、培养基含水量条件下培养金福菇Tg-505菌株,比较其菌丝的生长速度及生长势,探讨不同温度、酸碱度和培养基含水量对金福菇Tg-505菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:温度在15～35℃范围内,金福菇Tg-505菌丝均能生长,以25℃时菌丝生长势最佳,日平均生长速度最大为5.99 mm;酸碱度在pH 5.0～10.0范围内菌丝均能生长,以pH 7.0～8.0时菌丝生长势最佳,生长速度最快;培养基含水量在50%～75%范围内菌丝能够生长,含水量为65%～70%时,其菌丝洁白、粗壮、长势好,生长速度最快,达到3.77 mm/d以上。     

羊链球菌CVCC55001、CVCC55002株的制备与鉴定

为研究羊链球菌CVCC55001、CVCC55002株的菌种特性,制备了新的菌种批并对其形态及生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、真空度、纯粹、剩余水分、毒力及免疫原性等进行鉴定,对其适宜培养基进行了筛选.试验结果表明,该冻干菌种的形态及生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、真空度、纯粹、剩余水分、毒力及免疫原性均符合《中华人民...     

存款保险制度对农村中小金融机构影响分析

存款保险制度对于保护中小储户的利益、维护金融稳定有着积极的作用,但存款保险制度容易产生道德风险和逆向选择,因此科学合理地设计存款保险制度的具体内容至关重要。农村中小金融机构有必要纳入存款保险体系中,但是对其征收保费费率要控制在较低水平之内。     

谈中小桥采用后张法16m预应力空心板的施工问题

本文阐述了中小桥上部结构采用后张法１６ｍ预应力空心板的施工时应注意的问题，如预应力空心板的预制中底模的施工；侧模、蕊模；砼的要求；浇筑空心板的具体步骤。     

以大蜡螟与人工培养基连续传代的两种斯氏线虫生物学特性比较

本文比较了 Steinernema carpocaprae 和 Steinernema anomali 两个种(品系)的斯氏昆虫病原线虫,分别在大蜡螟和鸡什海绵人工培养基下连续传代培养的两个种群的形态、带菌率、发育、繁殖、毒力和寻找寄主能力的差异。试验表明:同一种(品系)长期在蜡螟传代的线虫种群比人工培养基传代的种群的线虫体较大,在寄主昆虫内发育怏、繁殖量大。但细菌保留率、感染率、感染指数、在沙里寻找寄主并使其致死的能力稍低。上述的差异在 S.anomali 这个种尤为明显,S.car pocapsae 则差异不大。     

Application of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in crucifer seeds using immunofluorescence microscopy

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (PCAs and MCAs) were tested for the detection ofXanthomonas campestris pv.campestris (Xcc) in cabbage seeds using immunofluorescence microscopy (IF). It was concluded that PCA 94, MCAs 20H6, 2F4, 18G12 and a mixture of MCAs 20H6, 18G12, 2F4 and 16B5 could be used to detect Xcc in seed extracts when 5 min and 2.5 h shaking of seeds are used as extraction methods. The reliability of confirming suspect colonies with MCAs and PCA 94 in IF depended in part on the seed lot tested and the antibody used. Some virulent Xcc strains derived from seed lots, did not react with MCAs 10C5, 2F4, 18G12, 17C12 and 16B5. On the other hand, saprophytic isolates obtained from one seed lot cross-reacted with MCA 17C12 and to a lesser extent with MCAs 2F4, 18G12 and PCA 94. No relationship was found between IF-reactions of Xcc strains using MCAs and reactions of Xcc strains in pathogenicity testing. Xcc andX. c. pv.amoraciae (Xca) could in general not be distinguished on the basis of reactions with MCAs and PCAs. Also in pathogenicity tests Xcc and Xca were hard to distinguish.     

菌根性食用菌栽培研究进展

对目前菌根性食用菌栽培研究的进展进行了综述。重点介绍了菌根性食用菌与共生植物的相互作用,几种主要菌根性食用菌的培养条件、接种方法和栽培方法,以及种植园管理技术的研究现状。     

Hybridization and in vitro culture of an orchid hybrid Ascocenda ‘Kangla’

The present study focuses on hybridization program involving two species belonging to two different vandaceous genera, viz., Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr. var. auranticum, a narrow endemic orchid of Manipur and Vanda coerulea Griff., an endangered orchid of Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), to synthesize the primary hybrid genus with intermediate and improved characters in the F₁ generation. Observations on the crossability in the present bigeneric cross between V. coerulea and A. auranticum had been achieved with 60% success when V. coerulea was taken as female parent. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium at half-strength was effective for the development of the hybrid seedlings of V. coerulea × A. auranticum followed by Vacin and Went (VW) and Knudson C (KC) media. The best response of seedling growth was observed on MS medium at half-strength supplemented with 2.3 μM kinetin + 0.5 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid with maximum shoot height (2.7 cm), leaf number (4.6) and root number (4.1) after 150 days of inoculation. The survival percentage and growth performance of the seedlings were found to be higher (80% survival) in potting substrate consisting of brick:charcoal in the ratio 2:1 mulched with moss (Sphagnum sp.) than in potting substrate consisting of brick:charcoal:tree fern in the ratio 2:1:1. The first flowering was observed in the hybrid seedlings of V. coerulea × A. auranticum after 2 years of transfer to the ex vitro environment. Morphologically, the flowers differed from that of the parents clearly showing the success of the hybridization experiment. Registration of the hybrid has been made with the Royal Horticultural Society with the nomenclature Ascocenda ‘Kangla’ (No. T128725).