不同饵料对黄喉拟水龟稚龟生长的影响

进行了3种饵料对黄喉拟水龟（Mauremys mutica Cantor）稚龟生长影响的试验研究.试验历时154d.结果表明：1）稚龟平均日增重,鳙鱼肉组为0.13g,配合饲料组为0.12g,黄粉虫组为0.09g.2）成活率,配合饲料组最高,为100%;黄粉虫组次之,为97.1%;鳙鱼肉组最低,为88.6%.3）饵料系数,鳙鱼肉组最高,为6.38,黄粉虫组次之,为3.56,配合饲料组最低,为1.83.结果显示,用配合饲料喂养黄喉拟水龟稚龟效果良好.     

室内饲养的小菜蛾生物学特性的观察

为进一步了解小菜蛾的生物学特性,对室内传代饲养的小菜蛾幼虫、成虫的发育期、形态特征、生活习性进行了观测。结果表明,幼虫平均发育历期为11.5 d,成虫平均存活11.0 d。通过对室内饲养的小菜蛾进行生物学特性的观察,为小菜蛾防治药剂的筛选方面提供一定的基础。     

柑橘园柑橘小实蝇入侵扩散规律与危害动态模型研究

为了探索柑橘小实蝇入侵扩散与危害规律,提高其监测与防控水平,2008—2010年应用柑橘小实蝇专用性诱剂和诱捕器,在全市19个镇(街道)35个柑橘园建立监测点进行全市性入侵扩散分布普查;在古城伏龙柑橘园和市区水果市场,建立2个系统监测点开展全年种群数量消长监测,结果表明柑橘小实蝇种群入侵扩散与时空分布呈塔型趋势,即以城区为中心,并呈向周边区域扩散蔓延趋势;全年种群时序数量变化主要呈单峰型曲线变化,一般于6月中下旬至7月上中旬初见性诱成虫,8月上旬形成增长拐点,9—10月形成数量高峰,影响种群数量消长的主要因子有种群基数、气候和生境条件等,从而创建柑橘小实蝇基数(m6)与全年种群诱量(M)关系模型M=23.8339m6+59.8003(n=6,r=0.9735**)、当旬虫口密度(mn)与其前3个月的旬平均气温(tn-9)关系模型mn=1.9248tn-9-14.88063(n=72,r=0.5123**),以及柑橘挂果期成虫诱量(M)、有虫株率(R%)、有虫果率(P%)、每虫果幼虫量(N)等关系模型:R=0.3667M-1.2746(n=11,r=0.8901**);P=0.0581R+0.3112(n=11...     

怀头鲶仔稚鱼自残行为影响因素的分析

对影响怀头鲶(Silurus soldatovi)自残行为的因素进行了研究.以怀头鲶仔稚鱼作为研究对象,分别考察饲养密度、饥饿、光照周期、容器颜色、个体大小5种因素对其自残行为的影响.结果发现,饲养密度、饥饿、光照周期、个体大小对怀头鲶仔稚鱼自残行为影响显著,其中饥饿对其自残行为影响最大,24 h后自残死亡率最高可达70.0％;容器颜色对其影响不显著,投饵可以缓解仔稚鱼的死亡,但不能从根本上解决怀头鲶仔稚鱼自残行为,建议生产上适时下塘、及时投饵,并积极探索新的养殖方法.     

组合式三效生态浮床的构建及应用研究

[目的]构建新式生态浮床并测试其性能。[方法]构建一种以浮篮为基本单元,以粉煤灰轻质陶粒和漂珠为装载材料,集成植物吸收、滤料吸附和生物挂膜三重功效于一体的新式生态浮床,并将该浮床单元体用于水体净化模拟试验。[结果]受试水体的TP、TN、NH3-N和COD浓度分别由0.699 9 mg/L、4.898 mg/L、1.945 mg/L和68.34 mg/L降至30 d后的0.003 2 mg/L、0.051 mg/L、0.001 mg/L和6.23 mg/L,水体修复效果快速而显著。试种的青菜、空心菜和美国四季青草长势良好,发芽率和生长速度高于土壤对照组。[结论]三效生态浮床在净水效率、植物种植方式、运行方式及景观价值等方面均较传统生态浮床有了大幅度的改进和提升,并可实现环境和经济的双重收益。     

意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫饲粮的适宜亚硒酸钠添加水平

【目的】探索意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)工蜂幼虫日粮的适宜亚硒酸钠水平,为意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫发育阶段硒的营养需要提供依据。【方法】共取1 440只1日龄意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫并平均分为两批,每批720只,一批用于化蛹率、羽化率的测定,一批用于理化指标和分子指标的测定。两批幼虫均按单因素完全随机设计分成6组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂亚硒酸钠添加量为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mg·kg~(-1)的日粮,每组5个重复,每个重复24只幼虫。取3、5、7日龄幼虫测定体重、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)活性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase,PO)活性,取5日龄幼虫测定硒磷酸合成酶(selenide water dikinase,Sel D)、丝氨酰-t RNA合成酶(seryl-t RNA synthetase,Ser Rs)、SECIS-结合蛋白1(SECIS-binding protein 1,Sbp1)、SECIS-结合蛋白2(SECIS-binding protein 2,Sbp2)基因表达量;7日龄时统计化蛹率。【结果】与对照组相比,日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.2—0.6 mg·kg~(-1)时显著提高了幼虫的T-AOC(P0.05),日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.2—0.8 mg·kg~(-1)时显著提高了幼虫的T-SOD活性(P0.05),各试验组均显著降低了幼虫的MDA含量(P0.05)。日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.4 mg·kg~(-1)时幼虫的PO活性显著高于对照(P0.05)。日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.6 mg·kg~(-1)时5日龄幼虫的Sel D、Ser Rs、Sbp1、Sbp2基因表达水平显著高于对照(P0.05)。日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.4 mg·kg~(-1)时幼虫化蛹前体重显著高于对照(P0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.2 mg·kg~(-1)时,幼虫化蛹率显著提高(P0.05)。【结论】人工饲养条件下基础日粮硒水平为0.21 mg·kg~(-1)时,根据幼虫化蛹前体重、化蛹率做拟合曲线得出意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫日粮适宜亚硒酸钠添加水平为0.24—0.33 mg·kg~(-1),即意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫的适宜硒水平为0.32—0.36 mg·kg~(-1)。     

甘蓝饲养小菜粉蝶幼虫对两种寄主植物叶片汁液的行为及电生理反应

[目的]探讨小菜粉蝶幼虫对2种寄主植物(甘蓝和旱金莲)叶片汁液的行为及电生理反应,为阐明植食性昆虫寄主植物选择机制提供一定的理论依据.[方法]小菜粉蝶幼虫孵化后饲养在甘蓝叶片上,选用进入5龄24~48 h的小菜粉蝶幼虫供试;植物叶片榨出汁液,用行为试验双选法测试幼虫对汁液的行为反应,用顶端记录法测试幼虫侧栓锥和中栓锥味觉感受器对汁液的电生理反应.[结果]行为试验结果表明,甘蓝饲养小菜粉蝶幼虫取食含有甘蓝叶片汁液的玻璃纤维滤纸圆片极显著多于取食含有旱金莲叶片汁液的圆片(P<0.001).电生理试验表明,侧栓锥味觉感受器对2种叶片汁液的电生理反应均显著强于中栓锥味觉感受器(P<0.01),且侧栓锥味觉感受器对旱金莲叶片汁液的电生理反应显著强于甘蓝叶片汁液(P<0.01),而中栓锥味觉感受器的反应对两者无显著差异(P>0.05);侧栓锥味觉感受器有3个味觉神经元对叶片汁液有反应,中栓锥味觉感受器只有2个味觉神经元对叶片汁液有反应,且侧栓锥味觉感受器中味觉神经元1和神经元2对旱金莲叶片汁液的反应频率极显著强于对甘蓝叶片汁液的反应频率(分别为P<0.01和P<0.001),味觉神经元3对两者反应无显著差异(P>0.05);中栓锥味觉感受器中味觉神经元1和神经元2对旱金莲叶片汁液和对甘蓝叶片汁液的反应频率则无显著差异(P>0.05).[结论]甘蓝饲养小菜粉蝶幼虫对旱金莲叶片汁液有拒食行为,这种拒食行为与侧栓锥味觉感受器中相关味觉神经元的激活有关.小菜粉蝶幼虫侧栓锥味觉感受器对2种寄主植物叶片的反应均显著强于中栓锥味觉感受器,说明在对寄主植物的探测上侧栓锥味觉感受器可能起到更重要的作用.     

Spawning success and early life history of longnose suckers in Great Lakes tributaries

Fish eggs and larvae are often subject to very high mortality, and variation in early life survival can be important for population dynamics. Although longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus) are widespread in northern North America, little is known about their early life history. We examined fecundity and early larval survivorship during sucker spawning events in three small Lake Michigan tributaries. Although egg deposition varied 25% among spawning events, estimated larval export to the lake varied over 25,000‐fold from around 1000 to 26 million. Based on variation in environmental conditions across years, it appears that spring flow and temperature may be important determinants of egg survival to larval outmigration. Larval age data suggest that most individuals that survived to outmigration hatched during a 2‐day period despite adult spawning across at least 10 days. Most larvae spent <2 weeks in the stream and emigrated around the time of transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding before substantial growth occurred. In two of three cases, larvae drifted exclusively at night; however, high drift rates occurred during both day and night in the case where larvae were very abundant, suggesting density‐dependent drift behaviour. Our results indicate that survival in tributary streams from egg deposition to larval export is highly variable in longnose suckers. These large differences in early life survival may translate into variability in recruitment, thereby influencing population structure and dynamics.     

Effects of stocking density and algal concentration on the survival,growth and metamorphosis of Bobu Ivory shell,Babylonia formosae habei (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) larvae

Independent and combined effects of stocking density and algal concentration on the survival, growth and metamorphosis of the Bobu Ivory shell Babylonia formosae habei larvae were assessed using a 5 × 5 factorial design with densities of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.50 larvae mL⁻¹ and algal concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 × 10⁴ cells mL⁻¹ in the laboratory. Larval growth, survival and metamorphosis were significantly affected by both the independent effects of stocking density and algal concentration and by their interaction. The highest per cent survival (72.5%) and metamorphosis (49.5%), fastest growth (41.57 μm day⁻¹) and shortest time to initial metamorphosis (10 days) all occurred at the lowest stocking density and the highest algal concentration. Both crowding and food limitation had independently negative impacts on the survival, growth and metamorphosis of larvae, and these negative impacts were further strengthened by the interaction of a higher stocking density and a lower algal concentration. Moreover, the results suggest that stocking density and algal concentration obviously played different roles in determining larval survival and growth. To maximize survival and growth, B. formosae habei larvae should be reared at a lower stoking density of 0.25 larvae mL⁻¹ and fed a higher algal concentration of 25 × 10⁴ cells mL⁻¹ in large-scale hatchery seed culture.     

北部湾浮游幼虫群落结构及其环境适应性分析

根据1998年2月至1999年5月在北部湾海域按季度进行的4个航次生态、环境综合调查资料,本文研究了北部湾海域浮游幼虫的主要类群及其季节变动。结果表明:北部湾海域浮游幼虫主要有15大类群;其中4类(长尾类幼虫、短尾类幼虫、口足类阿利玛幼虫、蛇尾类长腕幼虫)周年出现,其它为季节性出现。长尾类幼虫、口足类阿利玛幼虫、蛇尾类长腕幼虫、短尾类溞状幼虫、短尾类大眼幼虫及其它短尾类幼虫为优势类群。北部湾浮游幼虫的年丰度变化范围为0.02~7.65ind/m³,均值为0.50ind/m³,四季的丰度为夏季(0.86ind/m³)>春季(0.40ind/m³)>秋季(0.32ind/m³)>冬季(0.12ind/m³)。从春季到冬季整个浮游幼虫密集中心呈逆时针从湾的东北部向西北部海区移动,移至湾的中部后再返至西北部。K优势度曲线分析表明群落多样性由高到低依次为春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,总体上浮游幼虫群落多样性的季节差异不大。典范对应分析结果表明影响浮游幼虫栖息密度的主要因子是水温和pH,其次是盐度、溶解氧。