蒙古栎秋播种育苗技术的研究

自１９９３年起对本局大趟子苗圃进行了蒙古栎秋播育苗试验,并对蒙古栎从采种、种子调制、田间管理及起苗、留床、造林等环节上形成了一套完整的科学育苗方法,避免了春播育苗种子储藏和鼠害等一系列不利问题,研究探索了最佳播种量和最佳经营密度。     

Flower yield performance and stability of various Rosa damascena Mill. landraces under different ecological conditions

The flower yield stability of Damask rose as an important medicinal and aromatic plant at different environments has not been well documented. In order to evaluate flower yield and stability, 35 landraces of Damask rose were studied at 8 locations in Iran during 2007–2008. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) among landraces (G), environments (E), locations (L) and for landrace × environment (GE) and landrace × location (GL) interactions. Both GE and GL interactions were mainly crossover, a large portion of which was accounted for by non-linear (unpredictable) component. The landraces of IS9, YZ2, WA1, IS7 and IS1 with 3120.63, 2941.63, 2894.62, 2769.15 and 2716.92 kg/ha respectively produced the highest flower yield among studied landraces. Kerman with average flower yield of 3635.46 kg/ha produced the highest yield among studied locations. According to the results, most of landraces that originated from temperate, warm temperate and arid regions produced higher flower yield than those from cool, cool temperate, semi-arid and humid regions. The landraces of YZ2, IS5, IS8, IS4, KZ1, AR1_, IS3 and BA1 were stable and YZ2, IS5, IS8, IS4, KZ1, AR1 IS6, IS3, BA1, IS10 and YZ1 were adaptable landraces for flower yield according to Eberhart and Russell (1966) model. The presence of some high flower yield and stable landraces such as YZ2 and IS5 suggests that a genotype can demonstrate high flower yield and stability for yield simultaneously. Thus, simultaneous selection for flower yield and stability using nonparametric methods could be possible. In addition, taking into consideration flower yield and stability potential, the landraces of YZ2, IS5, IS8, IS4 and KZ1 as general stable, adaptable, and high flower yield are recommended. Furthermore, the landraces of IS9 and WA1 as high flower yield and specific adaptable landraces can be recommended for temperate and arid areas and the landraces of IS7 and IS1 for semitemperate and cool areas.     

山羊孤雌胚胎的体外培养

系统地研究了培养液微滴的大小、培养液体系及血清浓度对山羊孤雌胚胎早期体外发育的影响。结果表明，培养液微滴以较大体积(200～500μL)的培养效果较好；在3种培养液中，添加10％的NGS对山羊孤雌胚胎的体外发育效果较好，囊胚率分别可达62．79％(81／129)、53．52％(38／71)、13．64％(12／88)；mCRlaa组囊胚发育率和囊胚细胞数显著低于SOFaa组和CRlaa组，SOFaa组优于CRlaa组，尽管SOFaa组和CRlaa组间无显著差异。在本试验条件下，以SOFaa培养液，山羊孤雌胚胎体外培养72h时加入10％的NGs，500μL微滴培养，其发育效果较好，囊胚率可达62．79％。     

日粮中添加黄芪多糖对锦江黄牛瘤胃体外发酵及养分降解率的影响

[目的]试验旨在探究不同水平黄芪多糖(astragalus polysaccharides, APS)对锦江黄牛瘤胃体外发酵指标及养分降解率的影响。[方法]选取4头健康并安装永久瘤胃瘘管的锦江黄牛公牛,采集瘤胃液。采用单因素试验设计,试验分为6组,每组4个重复,在基础日粮中分别添加0、0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%和4.0%的黄芪多糖,体外发酵24 h后测定发酵参数、养分降解率,并评定多项指标综合指数(MFAEI)。[结果]结果表明,与对照组相比,1.0%和2.0%添加组的瘤胃液菌体蛋白(MCP)含量均显著升高(P<0.05);2.0%添加组的氨态氮(NH3-N)含量显著降低(P<0.05);1.0%添加组的丙酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),乙丙酸比值显著下降(P<0.05);0.5%、2.0%和4.0%添加组的粗蛋白(CP)降解率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);各添加组的总产气量、pH、乙酸含量、干物质(DM)降解率、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)降解率及中性洗涤纤维(NDF)降解率与对照组相比均无显著变化(P>0.05)。MFAEI指数评定结...     

长江流域棉区棉田多熟制类型及效益评价

通过分析长江流域棉区发展棉田多熟制的有利条件，对多种形式棉田多熟制的效益进行了评析，同时指出了棉田多熟栽培的五大技术原则。     

不同覆盖方式对旱地棉田土壤环境及棉花产量的影响

分析普通地膜覆盖、小麦秸秆覆盖、地膜 秸秆覆盖3种覆盖物对旱地棉田土壤环境、棉花产量构成因素的影响,结果表明:覆盖栽培能改善土壤环境,降低土壤容重,提高土壤水分利用率,调节土壤温、湿度,协调水热资源利用的同步性;秸秆覆盖能增加土壤养分含量,特别是速效钾含量;在棉花生长后期,提高叶面积指数,延长叶片功能期,提高棉株的光合能力从而防止棉花早衰,增加铃重,提高棉花产量。     

人为影响下古尔班通古特沙漠小尺度生态环境变化

随着沙漠中油气资源勘探开发、公路建设和重大工程相继实施 ,对生态环境的人为影响日益加深。本文以重大工程实验点为例 ,通过研究对比工程影响区内人工沙垄和自然沙垄的砂质新成土理化性状和植被群落特征 ,指出了沙漠生态环境在人为干扰下发生的一系列变化 ,以及受损生态环境在人们采取积极补救措施的情况下所具有的自然修复能力     

提高母猪生产潜力与仔猪断奶体质量的措施

根据母猪的生长周期，改良哺乳母猪投料方式等，能充分挖掘母猪的生产潜力。加强仔猪的管理。能提高其生长速度，缩短把猪出栏时间，直接或间接的提高经济效益。     

9种杀菌剂对柱花草胶孢炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定

采用菌丝生长速率法测定9种杀菌剂对胶孢炭疽菌的室内毒力。结果表明：咪鲜胺、丙环唑、抑霉唑和苯醚甲环唑4种药剂对柱花草炭疽病菌株CH008的抑菌效果最好,其EC50值在0.032 3～0.735 2 μg/mL,成为最具潜力的替代使用杀菌剂;戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯的抑菌效果也较好,其EC50值在1.381 3～3.208 8 μg/mL。     

动物园动物的应激及其管理

应激是圈养野生动物所不能避免的,对动物的负面影响是多方面的。针对动物园动物应激的特点,对动物园存在的应激进行分析归类,阐述应激的危害和解释实践中的问题,采取有效措施对应激进行监测与管理,减弱应激的负面影响。