利用枣离体叶片直接再生完整植株

以冬枣组培苗叶片为材料进行离体再生培养, 通过对再生条件的系统研究, 实现了离体叶片直接再生不定芽并获得完整植株。试验结果表明: 麦芽糖为离体叶片直接再生的适宜碳源; AgNO3可显著提高叶片不定芽再生率和出芽数, 在TDZ 1.0 mg·L - 1 +AgNO3 1.0 mg·L - 1的条件下, 不定芽直接再生率高达97.3% , 出芽数达14.4个。但麦芽糖不适宜继续作为不定芽伸长培养的碳源, 再生的不定芽需在MS+ 蔗糖40 g·L - 1 + 琼脂4 g·L - 1 +BA 1.0 mg·L - 1 + IBA 0.5 mg·L - 1的培养基上进行增殖, 增殖系数为3.2。在IBA1.0 mg·L - 1条件下, 生根率达87.3%。     

宁夏南部山区退耕还林后草畜产业发展探讨——以海原县为例

退耕还林政策对加强生态建设,优化农村产业结构,促进农村经济发展,推进西部大开发和全面建设小康社会具有重大的意义。文章在对宁夏南部山区退耕还林的情况实地调研的工作基础之上,通过对宁南山区、海原县草畜产业基础数据的比较分析和定量分析,建立草畜产业生产过程的灰色控制模型,找出草蓄产业发展的优势及存在的问题,提出海原县应加强政府管理、扶持龙头企业、延长产业链条、加大科技支撑等解决对策。     

睾丸支持细胞的功能、分离纯化及鉴定研究进展

支持细胞对维持精子形成过程中的微环境起决定作用,它可以通过分泌功能、细胞间连接形成的血睾屏障功能以及吞噬功能等来促进精子的形成过程,其发育异常会导致不同程度的雄性生殖缺陷。基于支持细胞在雄性动物生殖过程中的作用,体外培养高纯度支持细胞可成为研究睾丸两大核心功能-精子发生和性激素分泌功能相关调节机制重要的细胞模型。此外,体外培养睾丸支持细胞也可作为生殖毒理学等新兴热点领域的细胞模型,为评估和研究环境因素对雄性生殖的影响提供便利。因此,作者系统地归纳、总结了目前关于动物支持细胞生物功能的研究及常用的体外分离纯化、培养及鉴定方法,以期为利用动物支持细胞开展雄性生殖领域的研究提供参考。     

利用体外产气法研究不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡对瘤胃代谢的影响

旨在探讨利用体外产气法研究不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡日粮(RDPB,g·kg-1 DM)对瘤胃发酵、总产气量和甲烷产量的影响.试验选用美国Ankom产气系统,采用随机区组试验设计,配置6种不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡日粮,分别为日粮1(-20 g· kg-1 DM),日粮2(-10 g· kg-1 DM),日粮3(0 g· kg-1 DM),日粮4(10g·kg-1DM),日粮5(20 g·kg-1 DM)和日粮6(30 g· kg-1 DM),每组2个重复,培养期为24 h.结果表明:(1)本研究中6种类型日粮发酵液的pH、乙酸/丙酸、产气量和CH4产生量表现为日粮3(P＜0.01)或日粮4(P＜0.01)值最低.(2)挥发性脂防酸乙酸、丙酸、丁酸以及氨氮的浓度随着瘤冒降解平衡值的增加而增加,表明改变日粮瘤胃降解蛋白平衡可以影响瘤胃发酵.而瘤胃降解蛋白平衡对总挥发性脂肪酸以及原虫数量无显著影响.(3)日粮瘤胃降解蛋白平衡值影响不同时间点甲烷的浓度和24 h甲烷产量.其中以日稂4(P＜0.05)甲烷总产量最低.由此可见,在体外培养条件下,改变日粮RDPB影响了瘤胃发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度、总产气量、CH4产生量,综合考虑其对瘤胃发酵和甲烷产量等指标的影响,体外产气条件下适宜的RDPB水平为0～10g·kg-1 DM.     

Effects of concentrate‐to‐forage ratios and 2‐methylbutyrate supplementation on ruminal fermentation,bacteria abundance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Chinese Simmental steers

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (2MB ) supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacteria abundance, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD ) in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (12 months of age; 389 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate‐concentrate (400 g/kg diet [MC ]) or high‐concentrate (600 g/kg diet [HC ]) diets were fed with or without 2MB (0 g/day [2MB ?] or 15.0 g/day [2MB +]). Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased, but feed conversion ratio decreased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased, but total volatile fatty acid increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Molar proportion of acetate and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Propionate molar proportion and ruminal NH ₃‐N content increased with the HC diet, but decreased with 2MB supplementation. Neutral detergent fibre degradability decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Crude protein degradability increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Abundance of Ruminococcus albus , Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Fibrobacter succinogenes and Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens as well as activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. However, abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of α‐amylase and protease increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Total PD excretion also increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. The results suggested that growth performance, ruminal fermentation, CP degradability and total PD excretion increased with increasing dietary concentrate level from 40% to 60% or 2MB supplementation. The observed diet × 2MB interaction indicated that supplementation of 2MB was more efficacious for improving growth performance, ruminal fermentation and total PD excretion with promoted ruminal bacteria abundance and enzyme activity in the MC diet than in the HC diet.     

香花崖豆藤的园林应用初探

介绍了香花崖豆藤的园林美化、生态及经济等园林应用价值,并讨论了其在园林绿化中的应用前景。     

A three‐dimensional cell culture system as an in vitro canine mammary carcinoma model for the expression of connective tissue modulators

In this study, derived complex carcinoma (CC) and simple carcinoma (SC) cell lines were established and cultured under two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) conditions. The 3D was performed in six‐well AlgiMatrix? (LifeTechnologies®, Carlsbad, CA, USA) scaffolds, resulting in spheroids sized 50–125 µm for CC and 175–200 µm for SC. Cell viability was demonstrated up to 14 days for both models. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was expressed in CC and SC in both systems. However, higher mRNA and protein levels were observed in SC 2D and 3D systems when compared with CC (P < 0.005). The connective tissue modulators, metalloproteinases‐1, ‐2, ‐9 and ‐13 (MMPs), relaxin receptors 1 and 2 (RXR1 and RXR2) and E‐cadherin (CDH1) were quantitated. All were upregulated similarly when canine mammary tumour (CMT)‐derived cell lines were cultured under 3D AlgiMatrix, except CDH1 that was downregulated (P < 0.005). These results are promising towards the used of 3D system to increase a high throughput in vitro canine tumour model.     

根际微生物多样性与棉花品种对黄萎病抗性的关系研究 II.不同抗性品种根际真菌区系分析及其对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制作用

对棉花抗黄萎病品种（春矮早和８６－ ６）和感病品种（中棉１７和豫棉１２）的根际真菌区系进行了分析。结果表明每个品种都有自己独特的根际微生物区系,抗病品种根际微生物种数多于感病品种,区系组成更为复杂。抗病品种根际真菌优势种主要是漆斑菌 （Ｍｙｒｏｔｈｅｃｉｕｍ ）、粘帚霉（Ｇｌｉｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍ ）、曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ）和青霉（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ）等,感病品种则多为头孢霉（Ｃｅｐ ｈａｌｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ ）、镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ）、矛束孢（Ｄｏｒａｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ）、粘帚霉（Ｇｌｉｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍ ）和漆斑菌（Ｍｙｒｏｔｈｅｃｉｕｍ ）等。采用平板对峙培养法测定了不同抗性棉花品种根际真菌区系各成员对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制作用,发现抗病品种根际真菌区系中对黄萎病菌具有抑制作用的真菌种数和比率都高于感病品种,而且抗病品种根际真菌的优势种对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制作用较强。这种差异在苗期和现蕾期更为明显,花铃期则显著减小。研究结果表明棉花品种对棉花黄萎病的抗性与根际真菌区系组成及其对黄萎病菌的抑制能力有一定关系。     

探索“中国风”——谈中国插花艺术的传承与创新

中国传统插花艺术源远流长,因其具备端庄典雅的造型、富有诗意的画面、形神兼备的意境、师法自然的手法等特点而备受推崇和青睐。随着时代的发展,中国现代插花艺术该如何传承与创新,文章试从中国传统插花艺术的风格与特点出发,探讨现代插花艺术设计中的"中国风"。     

不同光谱能量分布对冬青试管苗生长的影响

 采用发光二极管(Light-Emitting Diode,LED)调制光质和光量,研究光谱能量分布对冬青试管苗生长的影响,以荧光灯为对照。结果表明：红光LED处理下试管苗的干样质量、生根率、根冠比和根长指标最高;而蓝光LED处理下则最低。绿光LED有利于叶片质量增加。单色红光LED导致试管苗徒长,根系活力和移栽成活率最低,最高值出现在复合光质LED组合中。与荧光灯相比,在能效、干样质量、碳水化合物含量以及SOD和CAT抗氧化酶活性指标上,复合光质LED具有明显优势,有利于培育壮苗并、提高移栽成活率并降低能耗成本。