忍冬和华南忍冬叶表皮扫描电镜观察及其生态适应性研究

利用扫描电镜观察了忍冬(Lonicera japonica Thunb)和华南忍冬(Lonicera confus)叶表皮形态特征,观察指标包括:气孔器、表皮毛、表皮细胞等。结果表明:气孔仅分布在下表皮,气孔器呈无规则型散生;上表皮细胞的垂周壁呈沟槽状下陷;下表皮密被表皮毛(包括腺状毛和非腺毛),同时还分布有瘤状的草酸钙簇晶。为进一步证明这种瘤状结构是否为草酸钙簇晶,作者发现利用Fluo-3/AM(钙离子荧光指示剂)处理的活体叶片在激光共聚焦显微镜下能够发出强烈的荧光。此外,通过电子探针对瘤状物进行分析,发现其元素组成为C、O、Ca。上述叶表皮构造特征,有利于减少植物体水分散失,还有助于植物适应富钙的石灰土,从而适应我国西南岩溶区特殊的干旱、富钙的环境。电镜观察结果表明,在忍冬叶上表皮中脉处有呈线状分布的腺状表皮毛,而华南忍冬叶上表皮则无表皮毛分布,这一微形态特征可以作为二者种间特异性差别,从而为二者的合理区分提供一定的依据。图13表2参30。     

Extract of Magnoliae Flos inhibits ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by blocking osteoclastogenesis and reducing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

Bone homeostasis is maintained by a balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Osteoporosis occurs when osteoclast activity surpasses osteoblast activity. Pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate osteoclast differentiation and activity by increasing production of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). In this study, we investigated whether Magnoliae Flos (MF), one of the most commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs for managing rhinitis, sinusitis and headache, could effectively inhibit osteoporosis. In ovariectomized (OVX) mice compared to sham mice, the body weight increased and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b, calcium, and osteocalcin were significantly elevated. However, orally administrated MF extract substantially inhibited the increased body weight and serum levels of bone turnover markers, without any evidence of tissue toxicity. MF extract treatment significantly reversed the morphometric parameters of ovariectomy-induced bone loss, including trabecular bone volume, thickness, number, separation, and bone density, to almost the same levels of the sham mice. Furthermore, MF extract reduced the RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by inhibiting the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K in mouse bone marrow macrophages. MF extract appeared to increase ALP activity in murine osteoblastic cells. Taken together, MF extract may be a beneficial supplement for the blockade of osteoporosis progression, particularly for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

Characterization of Lablab purpureus Regarding Drought Tolerance,Trypsin Inhibitor Activity and Cyanogenic Potential for Selection in Breeding Programmes

Climate change is responsible for the decrease in rainfall in many regions. One consequence is a reduction in arable land for traditional crops. Therefore, we are looking for drought‐tolerant crops from many regions to replace sensitive crops currently in use. Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet, which is grown mainly in Africa and South Asia, is considered to be drought tolerant. The species L. purpureus is a member of the Fabaceae family and has multiple functions, for example as food or forage. In this study, L. purpureus genotypes were compared to find the best genotypes adapted to the new climate conditions and with the highest benefits as food and fodder. The drought tolerance of four L. purpureus genotypes was examined. Classical growth parameters, infrared thermography and stomatal conductance were measured after induction of drought stress to monitor the impact of drought on plant growth and development. Significant differences among the genotypes were found in the tested growth stage. The ranking of the most drought‐tolerant genotype was method dependent. To find potentially usable genotypes, the trypsin inhibitor activity was determined and an analysis of the cyanogenic potential (HCNp) was performed. Both trypsin inhibitor activity and HCNp showed significant differences among the genotypes without showing a correlation to each other. In summary, we recommend as selection criteria of the best genotypes for future breeding programmes: (i) a combination of at least two, better three, independent methods for the determination of drought effects on L. purpureus and (ii) the chemical analysis of compounds which are important for the nutritional value.     

望春花油的抗炎机理

为探讨望春花挥发油的抗炎机理，向去肾上腺大鼠的胸膜腔及右后足皮下分别注射1％角叉菜胶及10％蛋清溶液，诱发胸膜炎及足肿胀炎症模型。结果显示，事先灌服望春花挥发油的试验组大鼠，其炎症表现显著轻于对照组，其炎症介质TNF、组织胺和PGE2的产生显著少于对照组，炎症相关酶PLA2的活性显著低于对照组。由此表明，望春花油的抗炎效应不依赖于下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴，而是直接阻抑炎症介质的产生。     

辛夷油抗炎机理探讨

通过测定小鼠炎症足组织中前列腺素E2 (PGE2 )和组胺的含量 ,以及胸膜炎大鼠胸腔渗出液中白细胞介素 1(IL - 1)、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)和磷脂酶A2 (PLA2 )的活性 ,发现给动物灌服辛夷挥发油对动物体内这四种炎症介质及磷脂酶A2 均有抑制作用 ,为辛夷油的抗炎效应提供了实验依据。     

利用POD同工酶鉴定金银花品种及其亲缘关系的研究

[目的]对6个金银花主要栽培品种的POD同工酶进行研究,以揭示金银花POD同工酶的变化规律。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)对6个金银花主要栽培品种的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶谱进行分析。[结果]它们的POD酶谱条带数在4~18,其中大毛花的酶谱带数最多,达18条,红腺忍冬最少,为4条,a2和b6可以作为这6种金银花栽培品种共有的固有酶带。九丰一号(3年)与大毛花的相似度指数较高(62.4),说明它们之间的亲缘关系相对较近;其次是山银花和盘叶忍冬(57.4),再次是九丰一号和红腺忍冬(49.3)。九丰一号(3年)和红腺忍冬的相似度指数最低(6.4),反映它们之间的亲缘关系很远。[结论]为金银花品种育种与鉴定提供科学依据。     

中药丁香提取物对番茄灰霉病菌抑制作用及生防效果

 试验测定了中药丁香的甲醇提取物对番茄灰霉病菌室内抑菌作用和对番茄灰霉病的温室防治作用。室内抑菌试验采用菌丝干重法测试结果表明,提取物在20 000μg/mL和10 000 μg/mL两个浓度下对灰霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用均达到了80%以上,5 000μg/mL浓度下抑制作用迅速下降到35.37%。在抑制分生孢子产生的测试中,浓度为10 000μg/mL的处理完全抑制了分生孢子的产生,浓度为5 000μg/mL的处理也表现出显著的抑制产孢作用,抑制率达到85.40%,而进一步稀释的处理则没有表现出显著抑制作用。采用生长速率法测试了丁香提取物对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制中浓度,结果表明其抑制中浓度为3 292.38μg/mL。在温室盆栽试验中,浓度为20 000μg/mL的处理对番茄灰霉病的保护防治效果达到86.45%,与化学药剂处理达到无显著差异,浓度为10 000μg/mL的处理在保护作用测试中也表现出了显著的防治效果。     

大孔树脂HP-20和HP-SS分离纯化山银花中灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙

[目的]建立快速从山银花中分离灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙的方法.[方法]利用HP-20大孔树脂富集山银花皂苷,HP-SS树脂从总皂苷分离其中主要皂苷成分灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙.[结果]确定了HP-20大孔树脂富集山银花皂苷的工艺,以浓度为4.8 mg/ml的2 BV样品溶液上样,吸附流速1.5 BV/h,解吸的乙醇浓度为60％,解吸体积3BV,解吸流速为1.5 BV/h.HP-SS树脂柱层析中,采用2 BV的水、10％、20％、30％,4 BV的40％、2 BV的50％的乙醇洗脱,控制流速在0.5BV/h.其中40％、50％乙醇洗脱部分分别获得两个单体化合物,通过13C与1H-NMR鉴定确定其分别为灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙单体成分.[结论]大孔树脂HP-20与HP-SS相结合,实现了两步快速从山银花中分离灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙和川续断皂苷乙的目标.     

RP-HPLC法同时测定金银花中绿原酸·芦丁·木犀草素的含量

[目的]同时测定金银花中绿原酸、芦丁、木犀草素的含量。[方法]利用反相高效液相色谱法测定,采用Zorbax SB—C18柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,以甲醇：0．02％磷酸=50：50为流动相,流速1．0ml／min,检测波长350nm,柱温30℃。[结果]不同品种的金银花中绿原酸、芦丁、木犀草素的含量差别较大。[结论]该方法简单、可行,为金银花的质量控制提供了一定的参考。     

高效液相色谱法测定元参、黄芩和杭白菊中的 多菌灵残留

建立了一种测定元参、黄芩和杭白菊3种中药材中多菌灵残留的反相高效液相色谱分析方法(R-HPLC)。样品用丙酮提取,柱层析(弗罗里硅土-中性氧化铝=7∶ 4,质量比)和液液分配净化,以甲醇-水(体积比60∶ 40)为流动相,在波长281 nm下对待测组份进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,多菌灵在3种中药材中的添加回收率分别为元参:69.08% ~88.31%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.35% ~4.67%;黄芩:71.39% ~88.40%,RSD为3.73% ~8.62%;杭白菊:73.33% ~97.31%,RSD为2.83% ~9.44%;均符合农药残留分析的要求。该杀菌剂在0.05~10 mg/L之间具有良好的线性关系,r=0.999 7,仪器的最小检出量(按S/N=3计)分别为0.3、0.5和0.3 ng,方法的最低检测浓度分别为0.01、0.05和0.01 mg/kg。该方法简单易行,净化效果较好,适合各种中药材中多菌灵残留的检测。