植物工厂中不同供液方式对辣椒育苗的影响

以植物工厂辣椒育苗为对象,研究漂浮式与潮汐式供液方式对育苗的影响。试验结果表明,漂浮式处理营养液和基质pH值显著高于潮汐式处理,EC值显著低于潮汐式处理;与潮汐式处理相比,漂浮式处理中幼苗株高、茎粗分别增加18.4%,23.6%;漂浮式处理幼苗根尖数、总根长、直径在0~0.5 mm的根长分别增加了37.0%,45.5%,50.1%;幼苗地上部鲜质量、全株鲜质量、地上部含水量、植株含水量分别增加45.6%,32.1%,2.5%,1.8%。漂浮式育苗显著促进辣椒幼苗侧根生长,形成良好的根系系统,促进根系对水分和可溶性盐类的吸收,加快地上部形态建成,提升种苗整体质量。     

Changes in Cell Wall-Bound Phenolic Acids in the Internodes of Submerged Floating Rice

Abstract

Submergence induces rapid elongation of internodes in floating rice (Oryza sativa L.). We examined the distributions of p-coumaric, ferulic and 5-5-coupled diferulic acids ester-linked to cell walls along the axis of highest internodes of submerged and air-grown floating rice stem segments. The amounts of ferulic and 5-5-diferulic acids per cell wall weight were lowest around the intercalary meristem, and increased as the distance from the meristematic zone increased toward the upper part of the internode in both air-grown and submerged stem segments. The ratio of 5-5-diferulic acid to ferulic acid also increased toward the upper, old parts of internodes in both air-grown and submerged stem segments. These observations suggest that the feruloylation of cell wall polysaccharides and the formation of diferulic acids contribute to the cessation of internodal cell elongation and that the formation of diferulic acids in cell walls is controlled by the coupling reaction in addition to the feruloylation. The amounts of p-coumaric acid per unit length and per cell-wall weight were markedly low in the newly elongated region of submerged internodes, and closely correlated with cell-wall dry mass in both air-grown and submerged internodes, suggesting that the deposition of p-coumaric acid in cell walls is related to the formation of secondary cell walls in floating rice internodes.     

基质新型材料开发研究

针对王草在干热区的种植优势,在云南元谋开展了利用王草经过加工、发酵试验,通过3种粒径3种处理和3种反应程度组合,得到27种不同的人工草粉基质。并测定了基质的相关特性。这些基质在育苗生产中具有一定的影响力：即资源的可持续利用性,它在一定程度上缓解了不可再生资源泥炭的负面影响。     

Harvesting machine for kelp culture in floating raft

Kelp is not only a kind of food of sea vegetable for human, but also widely used as raw materials in processing food, chemical engineering, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In China kelp is generally planted on floating raft by using horizontal kelp rope cultivation method and often harvested manually. Harvesting kelp by hand is a difficult process with low production efficiency and high labor intensity. In this paper, a harvesting machine was developed for floating raft culture of kelp. It consists of mainly two locomotion modules, a collection/transmission module and a power module. The structure and working mechanism of this machine was presented and analyzed in detail. The tests of experiments were conducted as well with the developed machine. The manual harvest efficiency is 16.7%; however the mechanized harvest efficiency average value is 35.8%. The harvest time could be reduced by half if the company takes the same people to work. It is proven that the design of the machine is feasible.     

Growth and accumulation of caffeic acid derivatives in Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia grown in hydroponic culture

In separate experiments conducted in 2007 and 2008, growth and accumulation of selected caffeic acid derivatives (CADs; i.e., caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, echinacoside, caffeic acid, cynarin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cichoric acid) were determined in Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia seedlings grown in hydroponic culture (floating raft system) at a density of 122 plant m⁻² (at planting). Plants were harvested 11 (2007) or 16 (2008) weeks after transplanting (i.e., 15 or 20 weeks after sowing). In both years, plants grew vigorously and at harvest approximately half of the plants under observation had developed one to three inflorescences. In 2008, the root yield (2940 kg ha⁻¹) harvested in nearly eight months from two consecutive hydroponic cultures was within the yield reported in the literature for field cultivations lasting two to four years. None of the selected CADs was found in the leaves, while the inflorescences (stem and capitulum) contained only caftaric acid and echinacoside at concentrations higher than the detection limits (0.05 mg g⁻¹ dry weight). Echinacoside, cynarin and chlorogenic acid were found in root tissues at concentrations ranging from 0.36 to 5.25 mg g⁻¹ dry weight. In all plant samples, echinacoside, which is the marker compound for E. angustifolia material, did not reach the minimum quality standard (10 mg g⁻¹ dry weight) for the production of standardized extract. We concluded that short-cycle, high-density greenhouse hydroponic culture stimulates plant growth and root production in E. angustifolia, but it does not ensure sufficient CADs accumulation in dried roots.     

烤烟漂浮育苗风化石替代草炭基质研究初报

以风化石为主要原料,蔗渣、药渣为辅料,组合成4个基质配方,以常规草炭基质为对照进行育苗对比试验,研究不同风化石含量配以一定量的有机质辅料对烟苗出苗率、成苗率以及不同阶段烟苗素质的影响.结果表明,40％～70％风化石加一定蔗渣、药渣所育烟苗均能达到壮苗标准.其中40％风化石含量的基质处理出苗率和成苗率比对照分别提高4.02个百分点和1.48个百分点;50％风化石含量的基质处理茎叶及根系干物质累积75 d时分别比对照增加0.13和0.05g.其他几个基质配方所育烟苗的千物质累积、地上部分-地下部分协调性及成苗素质等指标都与对照接近,甚至优于对照;育苗成本较对照降低47.8％～56.2％,说明以风化石为主要原料来代替草炭作烤烟漂浮育苗基质完全可行.     

“曲水流觞”在现代景观中的流与变

从古典园林的角度分析研究其景观演变过程,结合现代园林的应用发展研究,尝试对中国优秀古典造园手法在现代景观中的应用做有益探索。     

烤烟漂浮育苗水体增温技术的应用

为了解决烤烟育苗期低温制约,提高烤烟漂浮育苗的壮苗率,进行了烤烟漂浮育苗水体增温技术的应用研究。试验结果表明：采用水体增温技术,育苗池平均水温达到20.06℃,能提供烟苗生长的适宜温度,促进了烤烟种子出苗和烟苗的生长发育,缩短了育苗期12天,有利于提高烟苗素质,壮苗率达到86%,茎杆较为粗壮,茎高和茎围分别达到11.2 cm和1.8 cm,烟苗的根系较为发达,干物质积累较多;有利于大田期早生快发,株高、茎围、有效叶数及叶片的长、宽度均有不同程度的增加,有利于提高烟叶的产质量,产值增加1847.85元/hm2。但运行成本较高,有待于进一步完善设施。     

生态修复在景观水体治理中的应用

分析了城市景观水体的污染现状,提出其修复和治理的迫切性和必要性。总结了近年来景观水体生态修复的技术及其机理,重点介绍了人工浮床、生物操纵等技术在景观水体修复中的应用和发展。     

浮水植物对富营养水体的作用研究

[目的]研究3种浮水植物对富营养化水体中营养盐的去除能力。[方法]选择采自鄱阳湖3种不同的浮水植物(凤眼莲、水浮莲和槐叶萍),利用软隔离小区试验研究了它们对富营养化水体的净化作用效果。[结果]浮水植物处理进行150 d时,3种浮水植物对水体中总氮的去除率分别为槐叶萍(70%)>凤眼莲(67%)>浮水莲(61%);对TP的去除率分别为凤眼莲(56%)>水浮莲(53%)>槐叶萍(49%)。凤眼莲和槐叶萍处理围区的水质净化效果较好,这与植物自身吸收同化污染水体中氮素、磷素的能力大小及植物根系微生物的作用都有关。凤眼莲和槐叶萍在提高水体透明度方面效果也较好。[结论]凤眼莲和槐叶萍的长势最佳,生长周期长,对水体中总氮和总磷的去除效果最好,对其他水质指标的改善效果也最好。