酸枣根中鞣质含量测定及提取工艺研究

[目的]优化酸枣根鞣质的提取工艺,建立稳定的酸枣根中鞣质的含量测定方法。[方法]用干酪素法测定总鞣质的含量,并以提取物中鞣质含量为评价指标,以丙酮浓度、提取时间、料液比及提取次数为考察因素,采用正交设计法筛选酸枣根的提取工艺条件。[结果]提取次数为主要影响因素;最佳提取条件为:超声提取的丙酮浓度为70%,料液比为1∶20(W/V,g/ml,下同),提取时间为30 min,提取3次;在此条件下,酸枣根中鞣质的含量为6.82%。[结论]所优选的鞣质提取工艺合理,操作简便可行。     

苦参毛状根诱导及其培养条件的研究

[目的]为药用成分苦参碱及氧化苦参碱的来源提供新途径。[方法]考察了R1601菌株对苦参不同外植体在不同浓度乙酰丁香酮和侵染时间影响下苦参毛状根的诱导率;研究了培养基中的组分和浓度对苦参毛状根继代生长的影响。[结果]以苦参幼芽为外植体,在R1601菌液中添加100μmol/L乙酰丁香酮,侵染20 min,(25±1)℃,MS共培养基上暗培养2 d,苦参毛状根的诱导效果较好,诱导率28.6%,存活率46.7%;苦参毛状根在改良的继代培养基上生长良好。[结论]苦参毛状根的最佳诱导条件:以生长1周的苦参幼芽为外植体,R1601为菌株,添加100μmol/L的乙酰丁香酮,侵染20 min,(25±1)℃暗处诱导。     

双链RNA干扰技术在毛状根体系中对何首乌芪合酶基因Fm STS功能研究中的应用

[目的]将双链RNA介导的基因沉默与发根农杆菌瞬间表达渗入相结合,为植物功能基因的研究提供一套有效的方法。[方法]构建含gfp基因、CaMV 35S启动子及基于何首乌中芪合酶Fm STS基因序列设计的双链RNA的干扰重组质粒pBIN-35S-正向-反向-GFP(干扰),并将其与空白表达质粒pBIN-35S-GFP(空白)分别导入野生型发根农杆菌MSU440中,转化何首乌无菌苗的叶片,诱导生成毛状根。[结果]双链RNA介导的芪合酶Fm STS基因表达沉默,空白对照组二苯乙烯苷含量为2.18 mg/g,是双链RNA干扰组(0.65 mg/g)的3倍多。[结论]应用dsRNA介导的RNAi能有效沉默何首乌Fm STS基因,芪合酶Fm STS基因是何首乌中二苯乙烯苷合成代谢的关键酶基因。     

发根农杆菌介导不同基因型大豆转化效率的筛选

基因型是影响发根农杆菌转化大豆的主要因素之一,为筛选转化效率高的大豆基因型,利用不同基因型大豆的下胚轴接种发根农杆菌K599(含GUS基因),待长出毛状根后,根据不同基因型大豆发根诱导率和发根数的差异,选择适宜大豆基因型进行GUS基因的组织化学染色和RT-PCR分析。结果表明,34个大豆基因型发根诱导率和发根数有很大差异,选择发根诱导率大于60%以及发根数大于1.6条的20个大豆基因型毛状根进行GUS基因组织化学染色,其中Y091、Z184、P108、L010等4个大豆基因型的GUS基因转化效率较高,分别为96.2%、91.7%、87.5%、86.4%;进一步对以上4个大豆基因型毛状根进行RT-PCR分析,结果表明,GUS基因均得到了正确转录。表明大豆基因型Y091、Z184、P108、L010是发根农杆菌转化大豆较为理想的受体材料。     

棉花根系生长分布及生理特性的研究进展

 棉花根系的生长、分布和生理活性对棉花整体生长发育起着十分重要的作用,但是观测上的不便给研究带来一定困难,导致相关规律与机理的认识不及地上部深入。本文以近年研究报道为依据,对棉花根系研究方法、根系的生长、分布特征、影响因素及生理特性等进行了较为系统地阐述,并提出了今后棉花根系研究的重点问题。     

极具潜力的重组药用蛋白的毛状根表达系统研究

对植物表达系统产生重组药用蛋白进行了简单的介绍,重点论述了利用发根农杆菌诱导的毛状根培养系统表达重组药用蛋白的研究及应用情况。     

Distribution of biomass and carbon in even‐aged stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.): A case study on spacing and thinning effects in northern Denmark

The main objective of this case study was to explore the possible influence of forest management on the levels and distribution of biomass and carbon (C) in even-aged stands of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in Denmark. Data originated from a long-term thinning experiment and an adjacent spacing experiment at stand ages of 58 and 41 years, respectively. Biomass of 16 trees from different thinning and spacing treatments was measured or partly estimated, and soils were sampled for determination of C stocks. All trees in each plot were measured for stem diameter and some for total height, to allow for scaling-up results to stand-level estimates. For trees of similar size, foliage biomass tended to be higher in the spacing experiment, which was located on slightly more fertile land. Foliage biomass increased with increasing thinning grade, but the effect could not be separated from that of tree size. At stand level, foliage biomass tended to increase with increasing spacing as well as with increasing thinning grade. For branchwood, stems and roots (including below-ground stump), the biomass increased with increasing tree size and stand volume at tree and stand level, respectively, but no differences between stands, spacings or thinning grades were observed, apart from that expressed by tree size or stand volume. At stand level, C stocks of all biomass compartments decreased with increasing thinning grade, while the distribution between compartments was hardly influenced. The ratio between above-ground and stem biomass was about 1.21 at stand level, while the ratio between below- and above-ground biomass was about 0.17. Thinning influenced the C stock of the forest floor and mineral soil oppositely, resulting in no effect of thinning on total soil C.     

Tap root formation and early root/shoot ratio of Pinus Contorts and Pinus sylvestris

Scots pine and different provenances of lodgepole pine were compared in regard to root characteristics and the distribution of biomass within individual trees. Tap root formation was more frequent and the root/shoot ratio was higher on Scots pine than on lodgepole pine but significant variation of these traits was found between provenances of planted lodgepole pine. A non‐destructive method for estimation of root biomass was developed.     

青藏高原东北部黄土区灌木柠条锦鸡儿根—土界面剪切特性

[目的]分析不同因素对根—土界面抗剪强度指标和抗剪强度的影响,为深入探讨青藏高原东北部黄土区灌木根系固土护坡机制提供理论依据。[方法]以区内优势灌木植物柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)为研究对象,通过根—土界面直剪试验,分析根径级别为2.20±1.00～32.00±1.80 mm以及土体含水量、干密度和含盐量分别为6.00%～22.00%,1.20～1.60 g/cm³,0.59%～2.50%的条件下,各因素对柠条锦鸡儿根—土界面抗剪强度指标和抗剪强度的影响规律。[结果]在其他影响因素恒定的情况下,根径对根—土界面抗剪强度指标和抗剪强度无显著影响(p>0.05)。随着土体含水量由6.00%增大到22.00%,根—土界面黏聚力呈先增大后减小的趋势,当土体含水量达到14.00%时黏聚力达到峰值6.74 kPa;根—土界面摩擦角由21.40°降低至15.75°,呈线性函数降低趋势;根—土界面抗剪强度呈线性函数降低趋势。随着土体干密度由1.20 g/cm³增长至1.60 g/cm³,根—土界面黏聚力由...     

稀土元素在组织培养中的作用研究进展

通过分析稀土元素对组培苗增殖及生长的促进作用、对不定根的形成的影响、对组培苗叶绿素形成及相关酶活性的促进等方面,综述了稀土元素在组织培养中的作用。