中草药饲料添加剂饲喂贵州黄羽肉鸡效果试验

将1000羽贵州黄羽肉鸡根据单因子随机分组设计分为5组,每组200只,进行饲养试验,测试中草药饲料添加剂对贵州黄羽肉鸡生长性能及肉品品质的影响。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;试验Ⅱ组为基础日粮＋0．2％中草药添加剂;试验Ⅲ组为基础日粮＋0．4％中草药添加剂;试验Ⅳ组为基础日粮＋0．6％中草药添加剂;试验Ⅴ组为基础日粮＋0．8％中草药添加剂。试验结果：Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组13增重分别比Ⅰ组提高0．14％、11．87％、11．54％和5．84％。肉品质测定试验结果：添加0．6％的中草药饲料添加剂的贵州黄羽肉鸡肌肉中的氨基酸组成较好。     

植物乳杆菌SP-3对半硬质干酪的促熟作用及其对风味的影响

[目的]以植物乳杆菌SP-3作为附属发酵剂应用于半硬质干酪的生产,研究SP-3对干酪成熟和风味的影响。[方法]分析原料乳和干酪的组成及微生物,测定干酪成熟过程中可溶性氮(WSN)、12%三氯乙酸溶液中可溶性氮(12%TCA-SN)和总游离氨基酸含量,并对干酪进行电泳分析和感官评价。[结果]添加植物乳杆菌SP-3对半硬质干酪的正常生产工艺和产品指标无显著影响;试验组干酪在成熟60 d时,SP-3浓度达到最大值3.4×108cfu/g;SP-3对干酪的成熟具有促进作用,成熟60 d后,添加SP-3组干酪的总游离氨基酸含量几乎是对照组的2倍;干酪产品感官评定及主成分分析表明,添加植物乳杆菌SP-3对半硬质干酪的风味产生了影响,促进了干酪奶香风味和坚果风味的形成。[结论]植物乳杆菌SP-3对半硬质干酪有促熟作用,也有利于干酪奶香风味和坚果风味的形成。     

香料烟陈化过程中烟叶香气成分释放与消长规律研究

对香料烟陈化过程中香气物质成分释放与消长规律进行了研究,结果表明:香料烟陈化过程中大多数香气成分含量均呈大幅度上升趋势,表现在赖百当类化合物和西柏烷类化合物在陈化的前中期明显增加,后期趋于下降;类胡萝卜素含量在陈化过程中略有增加,但高峰值出现并不十分明显;苯丙氨酸衍生物含量在湖北、新疆香料烟中呈现双峰变化趋势,在云南香料烟中呈现单峰变化趋势,其总含量在陈化中表现前期上升,后期略有下降;新植二烯含量在陈化过程中总体上处于直线下降的态势。在所测定的29种香气物质中,对香料烟特征香气有重要影响的香味物质如降龙涎香内酯、硬尾内酯2种异构体、硬尾醛、8,15-赖百当醇、2种8,13外氧赖百当-14-烯-13醇异构体和2种8,13外氧赖百当-14-烯-13-酮异构体,二氢猕猴桃内酯、茄酮和降茄二酮等成分在陈化过程中有明显的增加,总的香气物质含量变化的高峰期出现在陈化18~21个月。     

青海犏牛、牦牛屠宰性能及风味物质比较

[目的]分析犏牛屠宰性能和风味物质.[方法]以青海犏牛为材料,利用高效液相色谱等方法,对青海犏牛性能指标测定和风味物质进行测定,并通过相关文献对比分析青海犏牛与牦牛的屠宰性能及风味物质.[结果]青海犏牛体尺性状和屠宰性状优于牦牛,且风味物质谷氨酸钠、肌苷、肌苷酸和硫胺素均高于牦牛,其风味更加优质鲜美.[结论]青海犏牛杂种优势明显.     

Quality attributes of stored koubo (Cereus peruvianus (L.) Miller) fruit

Cereus peruvianus (L.) Miller (koubo, also known as apple cactus) is a new fruit crop in Israel. When the fruit reach full maturity, they tend to crack due to uncoordinated growth of the different fruit tissues. This phenomenon normally causes heavy fruit losses, as much as 90% of the total yield. To prevent this problem, fruit are usually harvested before they reach full ripening, i.e. at the violet stage, a practice that effectively prevents cracking, but also reduces the overall quality of the marketed fruit. In order to establish optimal harvesting protocols and storage conditions, we characterized fruit ripening under storage, comparing purple-harvested fruit, stored fruit (purple and red-ripe) and tree-ripened red-split fruit. Organoleptic tests indicated that the overall flavor increased concomitantly with the development of the red peel color. During ripening, the pH slightly increased, while titratable acidity and the content of malic acid decreased. These changes were more marked in stored than in tree-ripened fruit. The levels of polysaccharides, glucose and fructose did not change significantly during storage. The content of linalool and linalool derivatives increased dramatically during storage, being much higher than that of cracked tree-ripened fruit. Our results indicated that the overall quality of the fruit increased during storage as expressed by color change, decreased acidity and enhanced levels of aroma compounds, while the content of carbohydrates was practically unaffected.     

食盐、蔗糖及果汁与牛肉干风味数学模型的建立及分析

本文应用二次正交旋转组合设计建立调味料：食盐、蔗糖及浓缩汁添加量与牛肉干风味评价的数学模型，通过模型分析初步揭示了牛肉干的风味与各调味料的内在规律。得出调味料优化添加范围，即风味最好的调味料添加量在食盐为１．９％左右、蔗糖为１４．０％左右、果汁为０．５％左右。并进行了检验。     

超高压处理对干红枣酒香气成分的影响

研究了在常温条件下,超高压处理对干红枣酒香气成分的影响;采用同时蒸馏萃取法对超高压处理前后干红枣酒中的香气进行富集,并经GC/MS联机检索分析,超高压处理对干红枣酒中高级醇类、有机酸类、酯类和醛酮类物质的含量均有影响。实验结果表明:(1)经过超高压处理后,高级醇类含量随压力的升高增加。(2)经300MPa以下超高压处理后,有机酸类含量增加;经500MPa以上超高压处理后,有机酸类含量减少。(3)酯类物质经500MPa以下超高压处理后,含量减少;700MPa超高压处理后,含量增加。(4)醛酮类物质经过超高压处理后,含量减少。     

Reduction of effluent nitrogen and phosphorus from paddy fields

In order to reduce nitrogen and phosphorous loads flowing out from paddy fields, the effects of no-puddling and coated fertilizer were examined. First, pot examination was performed in order to clarify the influence of puddling on nitrogen and phosphorous concentration in the ponding water on paddy soils. The experiment was conducted three times under the condition of puddling or no-puddling, as the condition of fertilizing or no-fertilizing. By using the result, the storage term of the ponding water after puddling was considered for four soils.Next, a field experiment was conducted to compare the effect of the coated urea division with the conventionally cultivated division and the no-fertilizing division. By using coated urea, it was possible to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to about 60% of the conventionally cultivated division; thus, it showed clearly that coated urea has a great effect on reducing effluent nitrogen. Although there was less yield of hulled rice than that of the conventionally cultivated division, it was proven by the palatability test that the flavor of the rice from the coated urea division was better than that of the conventionally cultivated division rice.     

利用果胶酶改善烟梗内在品质的研究

[目的]降低烟梗中细胞壁物质的含量,改善烟梗的内在品质。[方法]利用果胶酶处理烟梗,降解其细胞壁物质,并对烟梗中4种细胞壁物质、6种常规化学成分和致香成分进行测定。[结果]果胶酶可有效降低烟梗中细胞壁物质的含量,最高下降幅度为6.84%;果胶酶处理后,烟梗中还原糖含量明显升高,总糖、钾离子、氯离子和总氮也都有不同程度的升高,且随着果胶酶浓度地升高,钾离子、还原糖含量呈上升趋势;果胶酶处理可明显提高美拉德反应产物的量,最高可增加67.2%,类胡萝卜素降解产物、苯丙氨酸降解产物和新植二烯也都有不同程度地提高,且随着酶浓度的升高,美拉德反应产物和苯丙氨酸降解产物的量都有升高趋势。[结论]果胶酶处理烟梗可有效降解其细胞壁物质,改善常规化学成分,并能提高烟梗中致香成分的含量。     

烟草专用基肥配施饼粕型有机肥对烤烟K326品质的影响

[目的]探讨烟草专用基肥配施饼粕型有机肥对烤烟K326不同部位烟叶品质的影响.[方法]以不同比例饼粕有机肥与烟草专用基肥作基肥,对炯株不同生育时期的农艺性状及与烟叶品质密切相关的几种化学成分含量并进行统计分析.[结果]与CK相比,不同比例饼粕有机肥与烟草专用基肥配施处理可增加有效叶片数5.56％～20.39％,提高株高3.01％～5.84％,协调炯株不同部位叶片内总糖、总氮、烟碱含量及比例,使各处理烟叶糖/氮更趋近于10±1,而氮/碱更趋近于1±0.1,利于改良烟叶品质.该研究中750 kg/hm2烟草专用基肥配合292 kg/hm2饼粕有机肥施用对于改善烟株农艺性状、提高炯叶品质指标效果最好.[结论]该研究为打造湖南浓香型特色烟叶品牌和加快炯草专用基肥更新换代提供依据.