Kernel vitreousness and protein content: Relationship,interaction and synergistic effects on durum wheat quality

Four sets of durum samples were used in this study to further understand the interrelationships among hard vitreous kernels (HVK), protein content, and pigment concentration, with a focus on the interaction and synergistic effects of protein content and vitreousness on durum quality. HVK level increases with higher protein content in the range of 9.5–12.5%, but this relationship is less evident in durum samples with high protein content (12.5–14.5%). Both protein content and kernel vitreousness can significantly affect durum milling quality. White starchy kernels (WSK) in low protein durum have a very detrimental impact on milling and pasta processing quality, but high protein content can mitigate the adverse impact of WSK on durum quality. Although protein content plays a dominant role, higher HVK might contribute positively to pasta firmness. There was no significant difference in yellow pigment content between HVK and WSK. However, pigment loss from semolina to dough was higher for WSK than HVK. Despite the difference in protein content, HVK and WSK have little difference in gluten strength. The monomeric protein was preferentially accumulated in HVK. The glutenin proteins of HVK and WSK were similar in the ratios of 1Bx/1By and HMW/LMW-GS.     

文山辣椒成熟期不同颜色果实的色素含量

为揭示云南文山州辣椒成熟期果色多样性和独特性的化学基础,用分光光度法研究了该州辣椒成熟期紫色、红色、金色和杂色果实的叶绿素(chlorophylls,Chls)、类胡萝卜素(Car)和总花色苷含量。结果表明:文山辣椒成熟期不同颜色果实的叶绿素a(Chl a)和总叶绿素[Chl(a+b)]含量和叶绿素a/b(Chl a/b)及总叶绿素/类胡萝卜素[Chl(a+b)/Car]特征均为紫色杂色红色金色,叶绿素b(Chl b)含量特征为紫色杂色金色红色,Car含量特征为金色红色杂色紫色,总花色苷含量(TAC)特征为紫色红色金色杂色,此外,4种颜色果实Chl a、Chl b和Chl(a+b)含量间的差异均达到极显著水平,但Car含量和TAC间的差异则均未达到显著水平。因此,文山辣椒成熟期果实颜色差异主要决定于Chl含量,叶绿素和花色苷共同贡献于果实的紫色,Car含量则决定了果实的金色和红色。本研究可为文山州辣椒果色呈现机理的研究和新奇果色品种的选育提供参考。     

黑加仑果汁色素稳定性的研究

以黑加仑为原料制取果汁,对不同添加物(Fe3 、Cu2 、Zn2 、Na 、Al3 、H2O2、葡萄糖、蔗糖、苯甲酸钠)和pH对果汁色素稳定性的影响进行了系统研究.研究结果表明:黑加仑果汁稀释液的最大吸收波长为520 nm;pH对黑加仑果汁色素影响很大;Cu2 、Zn2 、Na 、Al3 对黑加仑果汁色素无明显的不良影响;Fe3 则有显著的不良影响;不同浓度的葡萄糖、蔗糖对黑加仑果汁色素没有太大的不良影响;不同浓度的氧化剂H2O2、防腐剂苯甲酸钠对黑加仑果汁色素均都有严重的破坏作用.     

用大孔树脂纯化栀子黄色素的研究

为降低栀子黄色素中栀子苷的含量，提高栀子黄色素稳定性，该文就10种大孔树脂纯化栀子黄色素进行了研究。结果表明，A-5大孔树脂选择性吸附藏花素的能力较强，吸附率和解吸率均达85%以上，经其纯化后的栀子黄色素OD值比率(即栀子苷在最大吸收波长238 nm处的吸光值与藏花素在最大吸收波长440 nm处的吸光值的比值)可降至0.4以下，实现了对藏花素与栀子苷的有效分离，适于栀子黄色素的纯化。     

UV-B辐射胁迫对水稻叶绿素荧光动力学的影响

研究结果表明，增强的紫外线－B（UV－B，280－320nm）辐射会导致水稻植株矮化4.71%-16.59%、叶面积变小、干物质生产量减少11.79%-60.57%。究其原因主要是叶片光合作用色素叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量的降低和叶绿素a荧光动力学参数的改变，光合系统Ⅱ受到破坏，光合作用能力下降、生长发育受阻。     

桂花叶片水分含量及光合生理特性的研究

以柳叶桂、山桂和四季桂3个桂花品种为试材,研究了其水分、光合色素的含量以及净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率和叶绿素荧光(Fv/Fm)的日变化。结果表明:山桂和柳叶桂的各种水分和光合色素的含量差异不显著,但与四季桂差异显著,其Pn日变化和蒸腾速率日变化都呈现先上升后下降的单峰曲线;Pn峰值出现在10:00左右,而蒸腾速率的峰值出现在12:00左右,最大光化学效率日变化呈单峰曲线,但呈现先下降后上升趋势。     

无梗五加果黄酮的测定及提取方法的研究

以无梗五加的果实为原料,采用乙醇回流法提取黄酮,用分光光度法测定提取液中黄酮含量,以确定提取的最佳工艺。结果表明:硝酸铝显色法适于无梗五加果黄酮含量的测定,回收率为98.35%。乙醇回流提取无梗五加果黄酮的最佳工艺为:浓度50%乙醇,液固比为1∶80、提取时间4h,提取1次。     

Characterization of an Insoluble and Soluble Form of Melanin Produced by Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21, a Sea Cucumber Associated Bacterium

Melanin is a widely distributed and striking dark-colored pigment produced by countless living organisms. Although a wide range of bioactivities have been recognized, there are still major constraints in using melanin for biotechnological applications such as its fragmentary known chemical structure and its insolubility in inorganic and organic solvents. In this study, a bacterial culture of Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21 produced two distinct forms of melanin: (1) a particulate, insoluble form as well as (2) a rarely observed water-soluble form. The here presented novel, acid-free purification protocol of purified particulate melanin (PPM) and purified dissolved melanin (PDM) represents the basis for an in-depth comparison of their physicochemical and biological properties, which were compared to the traditional acid-based precipitation of melanin (AM) and to a synthetic melanin standard (SM). Our data show that the differences in solubility between PDM and PPM in aqueous solutions may be a result of different adjoining cation species, since the soluble PDM polymer is largely composed of Mg²⁺ ions and the insoluble PPM is dominated by Ca²⁺ ions. Furthermore, AM shared most properties with SM, which is likely attributed to a similar, acid-based production protocol. The here presented gentler approach of purifying melanin facilitates a new perspective of an intact form of soluble and insoluble melanin that is less chemical altered and thus closer to its original biological form.     

核桃细菌性疫病菌特性及其与核桃内生菌的竞争作用

为了明确本实验室前期分离得到的一株核桃细菌性疫病菌Xaj DW3F3的相关特性及其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。对该病原细菌进行了显微观察、生物膜形成测定,不同培养基上多糖和色素含量,以及18项生理生化指标测定。通过毛细管法和滴落法观察其趋化作用,并测试其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。结果表明,病原菌DW3F3为杆状、极生鞭毛、有运动性并能形成生物膜。其在YPGA、King’B 和NA培养基上生长较好,产生多糖和色素较多。病原菌有较强的耐盐性,致死温度达60℃,对纤维素和淀粉都有较强的分解能力,对NaCl和寄主叶片表现出一定的趋性。在其与核桃叶部内生菌的共培养中表现出一定竞争优势。该病菌菌DW3F3有树生黄单胞菌核桃致病变种（Xanthomonas arboricola pv.juglandis,Xaj）的基本特征及致病相关特性,这些特征可能与其致病性强及病害难以控制有关。     

Isolation and Characterization of a Yellow Xanthophyll Pigment-Producing Marine Bacterium,Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 Strain,in Coastal Seawater

Xanthophylls, a yellow pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, have attracted much attention for industrial applications due to their versatile nature. We report the isolation of a homo xanthophyll pigment-producing marine bacterium, identified as the Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain, from coastal seawater. The isolated Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain can produce 263 ± 12.9 mg/L (89.7 ± 5.4 mg/g dry cell weight) of yellow xanthophyll pigment from 5 g/L of glucose. Moreover, the xanthophyll pigment produced by the SDW2 strain exhibits remarkable antioxidative activities, confirmed by the DPPH (73.4 ± 1.4%) and ABTS (84.9 ± 0.7%) assays. These results suggest that the yellow xanthophyll pigment-producing Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain could be a promising industrial microorganism for producing marine-derived bioactive compounds with potential for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.