热激处理及贮藏温度对水蜜桃果实生理生化变化的影响

研究了热空气处理和贮藏温度对水蜜桃硬度，果皮色泽，色素含量，呼吸作用。乙烯释放，脂肪氧合酶（LOX）与过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响。结果表明：40℃热空气处理24小时可保持果实的硬度，抑制果皮中叶绿素的降解，推迟了呼吸高峰的出现，保持了细胞膜的完整性，热处理抑制了乙烯的释放，降低了LOX和POD活性。     

草莓果实硬度影响因素及其调控措施研究进展

草莓采摘后极易软化腐烂,草莓的贮藏品质与果实硬度密切相关.概述了草莓果实软化机理,详述了草莓果实硬度的影响因素及调控措施.     

采后钙处理对苹果品质和钾离子外渗的影响

真空渗入4%和6%氯化钙的辽伏苹果在处理后的12天中,果肉硬度均明显地高于对照和渗入滴水的果实。果肉硬度的变化与使用氯化钙溶液的浓度呈正相关。氯化钙处理后,果肉组织的钾离子外渗受到抑制。     

Identification and genetic characterization of an ethylene-dependent polygalacturonase from apricot fruit

During fruit ripening a loss of firmness occurs, which is a key factor limiting postharvest life. In apricot, Prunus armeniaca L., a wide range of fruit firmness at commercial maturity has been observed in different cultivars. Endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) activity has been reported to be associated with differences in firmness in many fruit species, but never in apricot. In this paper, we reported the identification of an apricot cDNA (PaPG) coding for an endoPG-like protein with 393 amino acids. Protein sequence comparison with known polygalacturonases (PGs) revealed that multiple features as conserved domains and functional residues and a predicted signal peptide were present in PaPG. Moreover, a phylogenetic analysis of this and other plant PGs placed PaPG into a clade containing endoPGs expressed in fruit, abscission and dehiscence zones without a propeptide sequence, very close to PRF5 from peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). PaPG gene expression increased during postharvest storage of the fruit, correlating with fruit softening and ethylene release, and it responded to exogenous ethylene treatments. We localized the PaPG gene in apricot linkage group 4 after genetic mapping based on SNP analysis, in a position apparently syntenic to the PRF5 locus from peach. Results obtained offer genetic evidence supporting the hypothesis that PaPG and PRF5 are orthologous genes, and consequently position PaPG as a gene of interest for studies on fruit softening in apricot, and contribute to the development of molecular tools for breeding apricots with longer shelf life.     

Integrated spectral and image analysis of hyperspectral scattering data for prediction of apple fruit firmness and soluble solids content

Spectral scattering is useful for assessing the firmness and soluble solids content (SSC) of apples. In previous research, mean reflectance extracted from the hyperspectral scattering profiles was used for this purpose since the method is simple and fast, and also gives relatively good predictions. The objective of this study was to improve firmness and SSC prediction for ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD), ‘Jonagold’ (JG), and ‘Delicious’ (RD) apples by integration of critical spectral and image features extracted from the hyperspectral scattering images over the wavelength region of 500-1000 nm, using spectral scattering profile and image analysis techniques. Scattering profile analysis was based on mean reflectance method and discrete and continuous wavelet transform decomposition, while image analysis included textural features based on first order statistics, Fourier analysis, co-occurrence matrix and variogram analysis, as well as multi-resolution image features obtained from discrete and continuous wavelet analysis. A total of 294 parameters were extracted by these methods from each apple, which were then selected and combined for predicting fruit firmness and SSC using partial least squares (PLS) method. Prediction models integrating spectral scattering and image characteristics significantly improved firmness and SSC prediction results compared with the mean reflectance method when used alone. The standard errors of prediction (SEP) for GD, JG, and RD apples were reduced by 6.6, 16.1, 13.7% for firmness (R_pred-values of 0.87, 0.95, and 0.84 and the SEPs of 5.9, 7.1, and 8.7 N), and by 11.2, 2.8, and 3.0% for SSC (R_pred-values of 0.88, 0.78, and 0.66 and the SEPs of 0.7, 0.7, and 0.9%), respectively. Hence, integration of spectral and image analysis methods provides an effective means for improving hyperspectral scattering prediction of fruit internal quality.     

减压贮藏条件下活性氧与丙二醛含量对富士苹果硬度影响的研究

以富士苹果为试材,研究了减压贮藏条件下活性氧(O2-与H2O)2与丙二醛(MDA)含量及细胞膜透性对富士苹果硬度的影响。结果表明,减压贮藏显著地抑制了富士苹果的软化衰老,降低了活性氧(O2-与H2O)2的生成速率、丙二醛(MDA)的含量和细胞膜透性的增加,有效地保持了果肉硬度,从而延缓了果实的衰老。在整个贮藏期间,O2-的生成速率、H2O2及MDA含量和细胞膜透性都呈上升趋势,且都与富士苹果硬度下降呈显著负相关。     

不同硬度辣椒品系果实组织结构观察与细胞壁物质含量测定

选用5个不同硬度的辣椒品系,分别在果实发育不同时期,进行果实硬度和细胞壁物质原果胶、可溶性果胶以及纤维素等含量的测定,同时采用石蜡切片法对不同时期果实的组织结构进行了观察.结果表明,不同硬度品系果实带皮硬度与果肉硬度之间没有显著差异;在硬度下降过程中,果实组织结构变化很大,硬度越小的果实,组织结构变化越剧烈;原果胶与可溶性果胶含量变化对405和409等灯笼椒类型品系的果实硬度可能有较大影响,而纤维素含量变化对529等尖椒类型品系可能有较大影响.     

新红星苹果在5—10℃下气调贮藏的效果

研究了５，９和１０℃三种温度下不同气调处理新红星苹果的效果。在５℃下以３．５％Ｏ２＋６％ＣＯ２处理的效果较好，贮藏１８２天后其硬度和果内乙烯浓度分别显著高于和低于对照（０℃，空气）；在９℃下２％Ｏ２＋７．５％ＣＯ２处理的效果较好，贮藏１２６天后其硬 度和果皮叶绿素量分别接近和高于对照，其果皮和果柄新鲜，未发现虎皮病果；在１０℃下贮藏１２８天后以３．５％Ｏ２＋９％ＣＯ２处理的硬度较高，但发现有内部褐     

Estimation of the proportions of offspring having soft fruit and juicy fruit as evaluated by sensory tests in Japanese persimmon

Firmness and juiciness are important fruit attributes targeted in the breeding of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). To facilitate the efficient production of cultivars with soft and juicy fruit, we successfully used the mid-parental values (MP) of sensory evaluations as independent variables in logistic regression models to estimate the proportions of offspring from a given cross that would have soft fruit and juicy fruit. The best model for estimating firmness contained only the MP for firmness (MPf) as an explanatory variable, whereas the best model for juiciness contained both the MP for juiciness (MPj) and the MPf as explanatory variables. The regression lines from these models suggested that crosses with a low MPf and high MPj can increase the proportion of offspring that have soft fruit and juicy fruit, respectively. However, the slopes of the regression lines for both firmness and juiciness were gentle, indicating that genetic segregation in offspring is wide for both attributes. We infer from these data that softer and juicier fruit can be bred from parents having only moderate ratings for these traits.     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

笔者对灵武长枣在采前发育成熟期的果肉硬度、水溶性糖、酸和维生素C、淀粉含量等变化规律以及采后呼吸强度的变化进行研究,旨在为灵武长枣果实发育生理、采后贮藏保鲜、新品种选育和栽培管理提供科学依据。