新形势下农村金融服务创新研究

介绍了农村金融服务存在的问题，分析了农村金融的理念转变，即农村金融服务创新必须转变用静止不变的眼光看待农村金融市场的观念，转变用城市金融的思维开展农村金融服务的思想，转变纯粹用市场方式去处理农村金融问题的作法，转变用单项指标来考量农村金融绩效的评价方式，提出了积极创新微型金融管理技术、农村金融产品、金融服务渠道、服务组织形式的建议。     

对财政支持新农村建设投入机制的思考

作为贫困山区农业县，如何建立有效的“三农”支持投入机制，推进社会主义新农村建设，是县级财政面临的一个重要课题。建设社会主义新农村既是政府的责任．也是全社会的共同责任，财政应当好党委、政府的参谋，不断创新支持“三农”投入机制，鼓励和引导社会各方面参与新农村建设，形成推进社会主义新农村建设的强大合力。     

Immediate impacts of partial cutting strategies on stand characteristics and value

This study evaluated the impacts of partial cutting on stand characteristics, product recovery, and financial return in mature black spruce-balsam fir stands in Quebec. Four harvesting strategies (clearcut with advance growth protection, irregular shelterwood cutting leaving small merchantable stems, and two patterns of selection cutting) were each applied four times in 20 ha harvest blocks representing irregular black spruce-balsam fir stands. Before the four harvesting strategies were applied, there were no significant differences in stand characteristics (i.e., quadratic mean DBH, basal area, and merchantable stem volume) or expected product recoveries (i.e., lumber volume and value, chip volume and value, and total product recovery) estimated using the Optitek sawing simulation package. There was no significant difference in stand characteristics or product recovery values of the harvested stems between the selection cutting approaches (p > 0.05). However, significant differences in stand characteristics and product recovery values of the harvested stems existed between these treatments and both of the two other treatments. After cutting, the two selection cutting treatments had the lowest impacts on stand characteristics, as compared to the two other treatments. The selection cutting approach which used temporary skidding trails and where cutting was initially concentrated over half of the stand resulted in the highest benefit/cost ratio, relatively high net income and high total product value of residual trees.     

Timber investment returns for selected plantations and native forests in South America and the Southern United States

Timber investment returns were estimated for the principal exotic and selected native species in the Southern Cone of Latin America and in the Southern United States. Exotic eucalyptus plantations in South America were most profitable, with internal rates of returns (IRRs) ranging from 13% to 23%, followed by exotic loblolly pine, with IRRs from 9% to 17%. Average loblolly pine plantation returns in the US South were less profitable, with an IRR of about 9.5%, and natural forest management in the South had IRRs of 4% to 8%. Subtropical native species plantations of the best araucaria and nothofagus species had reasonable financial returns, with IRRs ranging from 5% to 13%. Subtropical or tropical native forests had fewer commercial timber species, and had much lower growth rates and returns. Their IRRs were less than 4%, or even negative for unmanaged stands. State subsidy payments for forest plantations or for timber stand improvements increased IRRs somewhat and reserving areas for environmental protection reduced their IRRs slightly. Including land costs in the cash flows decreased these internal rates of return substantially. Natural stand returns in Latin America were much less than those of plantations, but management of those stands offered better rates of return than only holding the land.     

福建永安林业分析

永安林业是林、工、商结合、产、运、贮一体的林业企业集团，主营业务包括：木（竹）材采运、加工、林化产品制造。许多经济技术指标，在我国森工企业中，处于领先水平。永安林业制定了向生物制药、环保产业发展的长远规则。从资源培育入手，提高产品的科技含量，提高资源利用率，扩大森林资源储备，把创新作为企业生存和壮大的根本发展战略。目前，经营业绩下滑是由于森林资源质量上降和市场替代产品使得杉木类木材利用价值减小造成。     

The economic viability and potential of a novel poultry agroforestry system

Investigating agroforestry systems that incorporate poultry is warranted in Northern Europe as they may offer benefits including: improved welfare and use of range; reduced feed costs; price premia on products; reduced payback periods for forests; and, greater returns on investment. Free-range egg production accounts for 27% of the United Kingdom egg market and demand for outdoor broilers is increasing. No research has been conducted recently on the economic viability of agroforestry systems with poultry. An economic model was constructed to: assess economic viability of a broiler agroforestry system; and, investigate the sensitivity of economic performance to key factors and interactions, and identify those which warrant attention in research and management. The system modelled is a commercial trial established in Southern England in 2002 where deciduous trees were planted and broilers reared in six- or nine-week periods. The model uses Monte Carlo simulation and financial performance analyses run for a 120-year period. An Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 15.5% is predicted for the six-week system which remains viable under a ‘worst case’ scenario (IRR of 12.6%). Factors which affect financial performance most (decreasing in magnitude) are prices achieved for broilers, costs of brooding houses, chicks, arks, feed and timber prices. The main anticipated effects of biological interactions on financial performance (increased ranging on feed conversion and excess nutrient supply on tree health) were not supported by analysis. Further research is particularly warranted on the welfare benefits offered by the tree component and its relation to price premia.     

Financial feasibility of increasing carbon sequestration in harvested wood products in Mississippi

Longer forest rotation ages can potentially increase accumulation of carbon in harvested wood products due to a larger proportion of sawlogs that can be used for manufacturing durable wood products such as lumber and plywood. This study quantified amounts of carbon accumulated in wood products harvested from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands grown in Mississippi by extending rotation ages traditionally used to manage these stands for timber. The financial viability of this approach was examined based on carbon payments received by landowners for sequestering carbon in standing trees and harvested wood products. Results indicated a potential to increase carbon accumulated in wood products by 16.11 metric tons (t) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) per hectare (ha) for a rotation increase of 5 years and 67.07 tCO₂e/ha for a rotation increase of 65 years. Carbon prices of $50/tCO₂e and $110/tCO₂e would be required to provide a sufficient incentive to forest landowners to extend rotations by 5 and 10 years, respectively. With 2.8 million ha of loblolly pine stands in Mississippi, this translates to a possible increase in wood products carbon of 45 million tCO₂e and 80 million tCO₂e for harvest ages increased by 5 and 10 years, respectively. Higher carbon prices lengthened rotation ages modestly due to low present values of carbon accumulated with long rotations.     

论地方公共图书馆如何做好面向政府部门的信息服务

面向政府部门的信息服务,是地方公共图书馆信息服务的重要内容,为政府立法提供决策支持。该服务主要是根据服务对象的实际信息需要,利用网络技术和资源共享合作方式,通过关注和研究政府公共政策走向,搜集社情民意、市场动态信息,建立数字化信息服务平台,向服务对象推出个性化服务方案。     

图书馆危机信息预警能力的评价

参考企业危机信息预警能力评价的有关资料,从投入大小、环境支撑、管理控制、信息活动4个方面构建评价指标,运用模糊综合评判方法对图书馆危机信息预警能力进行评价,为图书馆采取相应措施,不断提升危机管理能力提供参考。

     

论新形势下农业科研单位财务管理——以浙江省农业科学院为例

文章以浙江省农业科学院为例,探讨和研究了在财政体制改革不断深化的新形势下,农业科研单位如何做好部门预算、国库集中支付管理、国有资产管理、财务制度建设、财政专项的绩效评价以及会计队伍建设等财务管理工作,并提出了加强预算管理、健全国有资产有偿使用机制、完善农业科研绩效评价指标体系和评价方法等创新农业科研单位财务管理的对策,以期更好地为农业科研创新与科技成果转化提供财务保障。